US1125763A - Centrifugal pump. - Google Patents

Description

J. TAYLOR 1 L. W. WEIL'.

GBNTRIPUGAL PUMr. APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 23, 1912.

1,125,763, Patented .12111.19, 1915.

Z SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. TAYLOR 6L L..W. WEIL. CENTRIPUGAL PUMP. AAAAAAAAAAA FILED Nov 2.3, 1912.

1,125,763. l Patented m19, 1915. y

rra srains PATENT @am iiiio JOHN TAYLOR AND LUIJWIG WILLIAM WEIL, 0F MANCHESTER, ENGLAND.

CENTBIFUGAL PUMP.

Application led November 23, 1912.

To all whom 'it may concern.: Y

Be it known that We, JOHN TAYLoRand LUDWIG Winnaar VELL, respectively, subjects of the King of Great Britain and Ire land and the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, and residents of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, England, managing director and engineer, respectively, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Centrifugal Pumps, of Which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in rotary pumps of the centrifugal, turbine or like types in which a certain static ordynamic head or pressure is obtained by iniparting to the fluid to be pumped a certain amount of kinetic energy by means of a bladed disk, runner, iinpeller or like device rotating at a speed which is determined by the amount of total pressure required. The kinetic energy so produced is then converted into a static pressure inthe ixedcasing of the pump. This conversion has, previous to the datel of our invention been accomplislied either in a number of passages sym-- metrically arranged around the outside periphery of the said iinpeller vas in a. pump of the turbine type, or in a single receiving or collecting chamber which surrounds the impeller directing the Huid tothe discharging` orifice ofthe pump, which is usually a continuation of the chamber referred to;A

The first arrangement has the advantage of a high hydraulic emciency even when forcing against very high heads, but this high etliciency is only obtained whenl the pump is running under such conditions as regards speed, output, and head for `which the guide passages and iinpcllers have been specially y designed. On the other hand this elliciency quickly falls under varying conditions of working. The second or ordinary centrifugal Apump arrangement is not subject to the. saine disadavantage as it has only one collecting chamber to receive and guide the fluid upon leaving the impeller. For this reason it is suitable for wider variations of output and speed. Owing to the fact, however. that it has only a single collecting or whirlpool chamber` the. streams of fluid which are thrown from the iiiipeller, baille each otherl in this chamber to a certain extent, with the result that a very low hydraulic etlicienc'y is obtainedwhich renders this type of pump particularly unsuitable Specification of Letters Patent.

Serial No. 733,071.

for delivering against medium or high heads.

Uur invention is designed with the object of overcoming the disadvantages of both the foregoing types while retaining their advantages' and thereby enabling a high hydraulic eiiiciency to be obtained,

over a large range'ot duties comprising Wide so communicating with said chamber; a

single guide vane and a spiral or volute collecting chamber, the nozzle chamber and guide vane, changing the direction of motion ofthe fluid away from the impeller into the spirally-arrangcd or volute chamber or gradually increasing vcross section, communicating with the discharge outlet of the pump.

Our invention will be fully described with reference to the accompanying i drawings which show an example of how We carry out the invention and in which- Figure 1 is a sectional front elevation of the improved pump, Fig. 2 a side elevation of the rightihand half of the pump with the impcller removed and Fig. 3 a sectional side elevation of the iinpeller.

In the drawings a and b, are, respectively, the inletaiid discharge halves of the pump casing, c being the fluid inlet and ci the discharge outlet, ecthe shaft and f the impeller fixed thereon. The impcller is of the ordinary construction, provided with vanes oi blades g as will be well understood flanked by inclosing disks or flanges i, the outer one Patented Jan. i9, MM5. l

of which is cone/d at the center to direct the fluid to the impcller vanes.' T he inner i` ace e'. of the inner flange 7i of the impellei is substantially in the same plane as the flanged edge ,7 (forming part of an annular nozzle? shaped chamber) of a partition 7c and in accordance with our invention the fluid, after leaving the periphery of the impeller, is diverted into the aforesaid annular nozzleshaped chamber or passage m which is, preferably, of parabolic desigr'i, from a plane parallel'to the axis of rotation of the shaft e into a plane vertical to the axis of rotation. This passage is also constructed so that a. Apartial twist is imparted to the passing fluid for the purpose of changing its direction from that of a plane parallel to the axis of rotation of the impeller to a plane substantially vertical to such axis. A single .guide vane o islocated in the aforesaid nozzle chamber m and its function is to determine the correct theoretical direction of the Huid through the nozzle-shaped 'receiving chamber m, and also to prevent the impeller from causing the water in the chamber to rotate in planes concentric to the axis of rotation as is the case in centrifugal pumps of the usual design. In other words the guide vane o is formed so as to correspond with the correct theoretical path of the fluid through the annular nozzle shaped chamber m, that is to say, it starts with a horizontal edge a or tip adjacent to the periphery of the impeller and follows the twist which is imparted to the fluid in its passage from the impeller through the annular nozzle shaped passage fm., gradually vanishing into the wall of the spiral or volute chamber.

In the pump shown, the spiral guide vane or web 0 extends around the upper one half of the passage through the pump, its ends being arranged on opposite sides of the axis of the shaft e and a little below it.

'Ihis combination of parts, the nozzle chamber and guide vane performs the conversion of the kinetic to static energy, firstly by a powerful reaction effect in the nozzleshaped receiving chamber fm. and secondly, by gradual expansion owing to increased sectional area of that chamber and thespiral chamber p forming a continuationpf it to the discharge outlet d, thus giving the highest 'possible hydraulic eiiiciency.' This arrangement with only one guide vane allows of a great variation of output with a very small variation in eiicien'cy. This is due to the fact that any variation from the normal conditions for which the pump is designed can only entail a slight loss at the impeller area near the tip of the single guide vane, the fluid issuing from the remainder of the area finding its own path in accordance with the varied hydraulic conditions without loss due to shock or eddy. The single vane, as already stated, leads into the spiral casing or chamber 79 which is so designed as-to guide the fluid from the whole periphery to the discharge orifice d, so as to insure a steady undisturbed movement of the whole body of the fluid at an equal velocity after it leaves the nozzle-shaped receiving chamber. Thus the fluid is delivered from the latter into the surrounding spiral chamber, again without any shock or eddy. The powerful reaction effect in the aforementioned nozzle-shaped receiving chamber produces an eflicient self-regulating effect in the pump. Then should the external head or resistance suddenly fall from any cause, such as breakage of pipes, valves, etc., an in creased -quantity delivered by the pump would cause a great reaction ,effect in the nozzle-shaped receiving chamber, and would thus confine the quantity and power required to the limit for which the pump is designed.- This self regulation is accomplished without any marked decrease in efficiency on the part of the pump.

i The pumps are made in various sizes for a given range of service.

What we claim as oury invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is The combination, with a rotary impeller, of a casing inclosing the impeller and provided With an inlet at its axis and an outlet at, its periphery, said casing having an annular port for receiving' the liquid from the periphery of the impeller and having an annular passage of gradually increasing area arranged'behind the impeller and extending eircumferentially of its axis from the annular port to the said outlet, said cas ing having also a spiral guidevane curved eccentrically of the: impeller axis and arranged diagonally ofthe said passage and operating to modify the direction of the liquid passing through it and cause the liquid to rotate in the outlet as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in the presence of two witnesses.

JOHN TAYLOR. LUDWIG WILLIAM IVEIL.

Witnesses: i

CHARLES FREDERICK JONES, WiLLiAM HENRY TAYLOR.

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