US11381102B2 - Charging management circuit, terminal and charging method - Google Patents

Charging management circuit, terminal and charging method Download PDF

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Publication number
US11381102B2
US11381102B2 US16/620,858 US201816620858A US11381102B2 US 11381102 B2 US11381102 B2 US 11381102B2 US 201816620858 A US201816620858 A US 201816620858A US 11381102 B2 US11381102 B2 US 11381102B2
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charging
constant current
cell
voltage
current charging
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US20210336465A1 (en
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Chen Tian
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • H02J7/0077—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a charging technology field, and more particularly, to a charging management circuit, a terminal and a charging method.
  • a constant current and constant voltage mode is generally adopted to charge a cell. That is, the cell is first charged in a constant current mode, and when a voltage across both ends of the cell reaches a constant current charging cut-off voltage, a constant voltage charging stage is started. And in the constant voltage charging stage, the cell is charged with a high voltage, and the charging current of the cell is gradually reduced as the charging process proceeds. The charging is finished when the charging current of the cell reaches a constant voltage charging cut-off current.
  • the constant voltage charging stage normally takes a long time, so that a charging speed of the cell is slow.
  • a charging management circuit configured to include: a first output end, configured to output constant current to a cell, for performing constant current charging on the cell; a second output end, configured to supply power to a load in the constant current charging; and a control circuit, configured to stop the constant current charging when a voltage across both ends of the cell reaches a constant current charging cut-off voltage of the constant current charging, wherein the constant current charging cut-off voltage is greater than a rated voltage of the cell, and is configured such that an actual voltage of the cell is not overvoltage in the constant current charging.
  • a terminal in a second aspect, includes: a cell; a load; and a charging management circuit according to the first aspect.
  • a charging method includes: performing constant current charging on the cell; supplying power to a load without drawing the power from a current entering into the cell; and stopping the constant current charging when a voltage across both ends of the cell reaches a constant current charging cut-off voltage of the constant current charging, wherein the constant current charging cut-off voltage is greater than a rated voltage of the cell, and is configured such that an actual voltage of the cell is not overvoltage in the constant current charging.
  • FIG. 1 is an equivalent model of a cell.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a terminal device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a charging method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a cell mentioned in the present disclosure may refer to a cell of a lithium battery.
  • the lithium battery may be a common lithium-ion battery or a polymer lithium-ion battery.
  • the cell is charged in a constant current and constant voltage mode.
  • a constant current charging may be first performed on the cell until a voltage across both ends of the cell is charged to a constant current charging cut-off voltage (the constant current charging cut-off voltage is generally set as a rated voltage of the cell).
  • a constant voltage charging may be performed on the cell with the constant current charging cut-off voltage as a charging voltage.
  • a charging current of the cell is gradually reduced, and the charging is finished when the charging current of the cell reaches a constant voltage charging cut-off current.
  • the voltage across both ends of the cell typically includes two parts.
  • the first part is the actual voltage of the cell, and the other part is a floating voltage caused by internal resistance of the cell.
  • the actual voltage of the cell refers to a stable voltage between positive and negative electrodes of the cell.
  • the internal resistance of the cell may include ohmic internal resistance (which is also called direct current resistance) and polarization resistance of the cell.
  • the floating voltage caused by the internal resistance of the cell may also be referred to as a “virtual voltage” caused by the internal resistance of the cell.
  • the floating voltage of the cell is also great.
  • the charging current is gradually reduced, and the floating voltage caused by the internal resistance of the cell is also gradually reduced.
  • the charging current of the cell is reduced to the constant voltage charging cut-off current, the floating voltage caused by the internal resistance of the cell is reduced to a negligible degree, and the actual voltage of the cell approximately reaches the rated voltage of the cell.
  • the charging time of the constant voltage charging stage of the cell is long, resulting in a slow charging speed of the cell.
  • the charging time of the constant current charging needs to be increased as much as possible.
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage is not set to be the rated voltage of the cell, but is set to be greater than the rated voltage of the cell, and the value of the constant current charging cut-off voltage may enable the actual voltage of the cell not to be overvoltage in the constant current charging process, so that the constant current charging time may be prolonged as much as possible.
  • a determination method of the constant current charging cut-off voltage will be described in detail below with specific embodiments, and will not described in detail here.
  • a power supply device such as an adapter
  • the direct charging means directly charging the cell through an external power supply device without passing through a charging management circuit. That is to say, in the direct charging process, an input current of the external power supply device may be directly applied to both ends of the cell, and the input current provided by the power supply device is not required to be converted by the charging management circuit, so that energy loss and heat generation caused by the conversion process are avoided.
  • the power supply device performs the direct charging on the cell, if power consumption of a load of a terminal where the cell is located is high, much energy is drawn from the charging current of the cell to supply power to the load, which results in a very small current entering the cell.
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage is set to be greater than the rated voltage of the cell. If the power consumption of the load of the terminal is high, the current entering the cell is reduced, and thus the floating voltage of the cell is reduced, and most of the constant current charging cut-off voltage is applied to both ends of the cell. Consequently, the actual voltage of the cell is overvoltage, and the cell is possibly damaged.
  • the constant current charging is performed by using the charging management circuit in an embodiment of the present disclosure, so that the above-mentioned problems of the direct charging scheme can be avoided.
  • FIG. 2 the embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below by taking an example of charging the cell in the terminal.
  • a terminal 20 may include a cell 21 and a charging management circuit 22 .
  • the cell 21 may include one cell unit or a plurality of cell units connected in series.
  • the charging management circuit 22 may be, for example, a charging management integrated circuit (IC), or referred to as a charging IC for short.
  • the charging management circuit 22 may also be referred to as a charger in some cases.
  • the charging control circuit 22 may receive an input current provided by an external power supply device 30 in a wired or wireless manner, and perform constant voltage and/or constant current charging on the cell 21 according to the input current provided by the power supply device 30 .
  • the charging management circuit 22 may include a first output end 222 , a second output end 224 , and a control circuit 226 .
  • the first output end 222 may be configured to output constant current to the cell 21 , for performing constant current charging on the cell 21 .
  • a channel between the first output end 222 and the cell 21 may be referred to as a charging channel 23 .
  • a charging current output from the first output end 222 may flow into the cell 21 through the charging channel 23 , so as to charge the cell 21 .
  • the second output end 224 may be configured to supply power to a load 24 in the constant current charging process of the cell 21 .
  • the load 24 may refer to a device in the terminal 20 that requires power, such as a processor, a sensor, etc. within the terminal.
  • a channel between the second output end 224 and the load 24 may be referred to as a power supply channel, and the second output end 224 may supply power to the load 24 through the power supply channel 25 .
  • the control circuit 226 may be configured to stop the constant current charging when the voltage across both ends of the cell 21 reaches the constant current charging cut-off voltage of the constant current charging.
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage may be greater than the rated voltage of the cell 21 , and the configuration of the constant current charging cut-off voltage may enable the actual voltage of the cell 21 to be not overvoltage in the constant current charging process.
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage may be determined empirically or experimentally.
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage V thr may be set to any voltage satisfying the following relationship: 0 ⁇ V thr ⁇ V e ⁇ 0.2V, wherein V e represents the rated voltage of the cell 21 .
  • the floating voltage of the cell 21 at various temperatures and charging currents may be experimentally measured in advance. For example, assuming that the rated voltage of the cell 21 is V e , and the floating voltage of the cell 21 at a certain temperature and a certain charging current is experimentally measured as V f , the constant current charging cut-off voltage V thr of the cell 21 at the temperature and the charging current may be set to any voltage satisfying the following condition: V e ⁇ V thr ⁇ V e +V f , wherein V e represents the rated voltage of the cell 21 .
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage may be configured such that when the voltage across both ends of the cell 21 is charged to the constant current charging cut-off voltage, the actual voltage of the cell is equal to the rated voltage of the cell.
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage V thr of the cell 21 at the temperature and the charging current may be set to V e +V f .
  • V e the actual voltage across both ends of the cell 21
  • V e the actual voltage across both ends of the cell 21
  • the load 24 of the terminal 20 does not take electricity from the current entering the cell 21 , but takes electricity from the external power supply device 30 through the second output end 224 of the charging management circuit 22 . Therefore, as long as the input current provided by the power supply device 30 is ensured to be sufficiently great (for example, greater than a sum of the current required for supplying power to the load 24 and the charging current of the battery), even if the power consumption of the load 24 is large, the charging current entering the cell 21 is not affected, thereby effectively avoiding a problem that the cell 21 is overcharged for the reason that the charging current entering the cell 21 is reduced due to an excessive power consumption of the load 24 .
  • the distribution of the floating voltage of the cell 21 at various temperatures may be measured in advance through experiments. And then, in the actual charging process, the constant current charging cut-off voltage may be determined according to the present temperature (such as the present temperature of the cell) and charging current by using above-mentioned prior information, so that the constant current charging cut-off voltage is greater than the rated voltage of the cell, and the actual voltage of the cell is not overvoltage in the constant current charging process.
  • a mapping relationship (hereinafter, referred to as a first mapping relationship) among the temperature, the charging current of the cell and the floating voltage of the cell may be established according to experiments.
  • the first mapping relationship may be, for example, a mapping relationship table.
  • the control circuit 226 may determine the floating voltage of the cell 21 in the constant current charging process according to the present temperature, the charging current corresponding to the constant current charging, and the first mapping relationship established in advance; and determine the constant current charging cut-off voltage according to the floating voltage of the cell 21 in the constant current charging process.
  • the floating voltage of the cell 21 is 0.5V when the temperature is 35° C. and the charging current is 1 A
  • a mapping relationship among these three may be established.
  • the charging current of the constant current charging is 1 A and the temperature of the cell 21 is 35° C.
  • the floating voltage of the cell 21 at this time is 0.5V by querying the mapping relationship established in advance.
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage may be determined to be 4.75V.
  • a mapping relationship (hereinafter, referred to as a second mapping relationship) among the temperature, the charging current of the cell, and the constant current charging cut-off voltage may also be established directly according to experiments.
  • the second mapping relationship may be, for example, a mapping relationship table.
  • the control circuit 226 may directly determine the constant current charging cut-off voltage according to the present temperature, the charging current corresponding to the constant current charging, and the second mapping relationship established in advance.
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage may be set to 4.75V.
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage is directly determined to be 4.75V by querying the mapping relationship established in advance.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide the terminal 20 illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the terminal may include, but is not limited to, a device configured to receive/transmit communication signals via wired connection (for example, public switched telephone network (PSTN), digital subscriber line (DSL), digital cable, direct cable connection and/or another data connection/network) and/or via a wireless interface (for example, cellular network, wireless local area network (WLAN), digital TV network such as digital video broadcasting handheld (DVB-H) network, satellite network, an amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) broadcasting transmitter, and/or a wireless interface of another communication terminal).
  • the terminal configured to communicate via the wireless interface may be referred to as “wireless communication terminal”, “wireless terminal” and/or “mobile terminal”.
  • Examples of the mobile terminal include, but are not limited to a satellite phone or a cell phone, a terminal combining a cell radio phone and a personal communication system (PCS) having capability of data process, fax, and data communication, a personal digital assistant (PDA) including a radio phone, a pager, an Internet/Intranet access, a web browser, a notepad & address book, a calendar and/or a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, and a common laptop and/or handheld receiver, or other electronic devices including a radio phone transceiver.
  • PCS personal communication system
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the terminal 20 may also include a fast charging channel 27 .
  • the charging channel 23 between the first output end 222 of the charging management circuit 22 and the cell 21 may be referred to as a normal charging channel.
  • the fast charging channel 27 may perform the direct charging on the cell 21 with the input current supplied from the external power supply device 30 .
  • the fast charging channel 27 may perform constant current charging on the cell 21 with a large current before the constant current charging is performed on the cell 21 with the normal charging channel 23 .
  • the constant current charging stage is divided into two different stages, namely, a stage of performing the constant current charging by using the fast charging channel 27 (hereinafter, referred to as a first constant current charging stage), and a stage of performing the constant current charging by using the normal charging channel 23 (hereinafter, referred to as a second constant current charging stage).
  • a relatively large charging current may be selected first, and direct charging is performed on the cell 21 through the fast charging channel 27 , without using the charging management circuit 22 to convert the input voltage and/or the input current provided by the power supply device 30 , so that the heat generated by the whole machine is small.
  • the charging current on the fast charging channel 27 is large, even if the power consumption of the load of the terminal 20 is large, the proportion of the current drawn by the load from the charging current may be small. Therefore, the possibility of overvoltage of the cell 21 is relatively small.
  • the second constant current charging stage may be entered.
  • a small charging current (e.g., 1 A or less than 1 A) is selected to perform the constant current charging on the cell 21 with the normal charging channel 23 .
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure may effectively prevent the cell from being overvoltage on the premise of improving the charging speed.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a charging method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method of FIG. 4 may include blocks 42 to 46 . These blocks may be performed by the charging management circuit 22 as described above.
  • constant current charging is performed on the cell by using the first output end of the charging management circuit as described above.
  • the constant current charging is stopped when a voltage across both ends of the cell reaches a constant current charging cut-off voltage of the constant current charging, wherein the constant current charging cut-off voltage is greater than the rated voltage of the cell, and is configured such that the actual voltage of the cell is not overvoltage in the constant current charging.
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage is determined based on a floating voltage of the cell in the constant current charging process.
  • the method in FIG. 4 further includes: determining the floating voltage of the cell in the constant current charging process according to a present temperature, a charging current corresponding to the constant current charging and a first mapping relationship established in advance, the first mapping relationship being a mapping relationship among the temperature, the charging current of the cell and the floating voltage of the cell; and determining the constant current charging cut-off voltage according to the floating voltage of the cell in the constant current charging process.
  • the method in FIG. 4 further includes: determining the constant current charging cut-off voltage according to the present temperature, the charging current corresponding to the constant current charging and a second mapping relationship established in advance, the second mapping relationship being a mapping relationship among the temperature, the charging current of the cell and the constant current charging cut-off voltage.
  • the constant current charging cut-off voltage is configured such that when the voltage across both ends of the cell is charged to the constant current charging cut-off voltage, the actual voltage of the cell is equal to the rated voltage of the cell.
  • the method in FIG. 4 may further include: performing the constant current charging on the cell in a fast charging mode before performing the constant current charging on the cell in a normal charging mode.
  • the fast charging mode direct charging is performed on the cell by using the input current provided by the power supply device.
  • the charging current of the constant current charging in the fast charging mode is greater than the charging current of the constant current charging in the normal charging mode.
  • the embodiments it is possible to implement the embodiments fully or partially by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or any other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, or may be transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium.
  • the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center in a wired manner (for example, via coaxial cables, fiber optics, or DSL (digital subscriber line)) or in a wireless manner (for example, via infrared, WiFi or microwave).
  • the computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that are accessible by the computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available medium.
  • the available medium may be magnetic medium (for example, floppy disk, hard disk and tape), optical medium (for example, DVD (digital video disc)), or semiconductor medium (for example, SSD (solid state disk)).
  • example units and algorithm steps described in combination with embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware, or by a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software is dependent on particular use and design constraints of the technical solutions. Professionals may adopt different methods for different particular uses to implement described functions, which should not be regarded as going beyond the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the disclosed system, device and method may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the units are merely divided according to logic functions, and can be divided in other ways in actual implementation.
  • a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection illustrated or discussed may be via some interfaces, or direct coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in an electrical, mechanical, or other form.
  • the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separated. Parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., the parts may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve purposes of solutions of the embodiments.
  • respective functional units in respective embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated in one processing unit, or the respective units may be separate physical existence, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
US16/620,858 2018-09-12 2018-09-12 Charging management circuit, terminal and charging method Active 2039-03-26 US11381102B2 (en)

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PCT/CN2018/105178 WO2020051790A1 (zh) 2018-09-12 2018-09-12 充电管理电路、终端及充电方法

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US20210119461A1 (en) * 2019-10-21 2021-04-22 Ningde Amperex Technology Limited Electronic device and method for charging battery

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CN111525651A (zh) * 2020-05-27 2020-08-11 广东小天才科技有限公司 一种充电方法、充电芯片和终端设备
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