US1133470A - Incandescent mantle. - Google Patents

Description

magma Sv. GULBRANDSEN. INANDESGENT MANTLE. APPLICATION FILED MAY e, 1914.

SVERl'tE GULENDSN, GF YOODBU JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO WELSBACH LIGHT CQLCEFANY, 0F GLOUESTER CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CGRORATIN OF NEW JERSEY.

moaitnnscnnr MANTLE.

- application inea may 6,1914.. sans] un. aan@ Beit known that ll, SVBRRE. a citizen ofthe United States, "residing at lVoodbury, in the county'ofGloucester and 4'State of New Jersey, have invented. a new 2' is a similar View sliowingthe mantle after shaping in actual burning use,"

My invention relates -to inverted'incan'descentmantlesof the limp 'or rag type; and is designed to' provide a :mantle of'this type which will give 'a superior light and which will shape itself under vburning in actual use on ordinary city gas pressures.' On ordinary-city pressures, fa closed 4top mantle off the usual size v(f'romonei and one-'eighth inches to' one and three-eighths inches in diameter) ygives .very 4 little incandescence.

and therefore very little light; j Furthermore, 'it presents a characteristicappearance in that it-has a heavy and `local llame sur#V y rounding it and 'extending .to a distanceof approximatelya quarter-0f an inch from-the exterior surface of the mantle. Attempts to bring the flame nearer tof'thev mantle surf tace byl cutting doiiyiifthegas slipply'at the orifice oftlieburner are unsuccessful, as

such attempts'cause'aneven further dulling ofthe light. In fact, thereis nol adjustment I. i possible by which the flame V'can be concen-itrated, in such mantle at the mantle surface,

since the supply ofga's necessary'for heating the mantlewill be too great for the air entrained .to form perfect combustion and if the gas' supply is reduced to form the proper mixture with the air entrained inthe sup-,

ply of .fuel is too small to heatl the mantle up to the proper incandescence. The action of 'a closed top mantle of the` usual size, as above described,A With ordinarycity 'gas 'pres-1 sures, is due to'the'fol'lowing facts. y The air (primary air) entrained by the' gas stream is very considerably less than thatrequired' for the complete combustion ofthe gas. The balance of the air (se'condaryair) is therefore taken' from around thefmaiitle.

This means that all the gas has to -pass themeshes of the mantle and travelthrough Specification of Letters Fatent.

GULBPei NDsnN,

Patented irais so, rais.

L ,i some distance fromv the surface thereof before it finds sulicient air for complete combustion: This'causes the heat of the iianie to he dissipated intospace instead of being made effective at the mantle-surface. With an opent-top shaped mantle of the usual size, this thiiiculty is not present because some of thc products vof combustion find a vent,

through the space'b'etween the mantle ring and the burner tip, 'thus establishing a sort of chimney effect vwhich allows the secondary air to sweep closer to the mantle. This brings the zone of combustion nearer to the mantle surface-and increases the incaudes- Vthat the llame will be located close to the.

mantle surface; and that such mantle Will also properlyshape itself iii the burning op-l eration.` Theactioii of such a mantle is in fact radically different from the action of a sin'iilariiiantle of the usual size. This is due to the fact that as the size of the mantle -is ldecreased beyondv a certain point its surface `becomes much llarger 'in comparison with its lvolume or llame capacity. In such a mantle therefore it becomes possible for the ygasto' obtain a sufficient supply of -sec- -ondary air" much closer to the mantle' surface.' lThe vamount .of gasjrequiied being ijelatively'small this Will entrain more nearly tlie' 'pr0p'er proportion of primary air, and moreover the required supply' of this sec. ondary airis much less. There is another important factor which also enters into this result. In every mantle a certain amount of combustion takes place on `the inside of the mantlebeti'veen the gas and. the primary air. l'iiano'pen Bunseii flame tliiscomhusy tion takes place at the inner cone of the fia-me,^irhicli, as is known,v is itshotte'st part. 'inthe small mantle produced by my invention this primaryconibustion is caused to take `place very 'considerably-closer to the vmantle surface .than is the vcase in va large mantle. The proximity -of this Very hot 'zone' to the mantle Walls. produces 'a higher incandescence. The d ifliculties Iheretofore experienced with large size rag mantleslwith closed tops, 4When'fiised with ordinary. city fgas pressures liavelimited their use to sysi oo satisfactory shape; and if closed at thetopv they would not give a satisfactory light for the reasons above stated.

My invention is based upon the discovery that the liame capacity of a rag mantle must bear a certain relation to its surface area; and that when the diameter of the mantle `does not exceed seven-eighths of an inch, when shaped, the mantle hasa flame capacity which bears such a relation to its surface area that the desired eliiciency, tovether with proper shaping, may be obtained with A ordinary city gas pressures.

Another way of defining my im roved mantle is that the ratio of the surface in .square inches to the volume i'n cubic inches 1s not less than five; that 1s, its surface'in` square inches is not less than live times its volume in cubic inches. (These measurements refer to the nished shaped mantle.) Of course, the volume-capacityof a mantle increases much more rapidly than its area with increasing diameters, and I have found that it is for this reason that the mantle must be vbelow a certain diameter when shaped, in order to give the proper results and allow shaping in place under burning conditions. v

In the drawings, 2 represents a limp or rag mantle having its mouth tied, or otherwise secured within the annular recess of a metal carrier 3. This metal carrier in the form shown has an internal screw-threaded stem which is'adapted to screw on the correspondingly threaded tip of an inverted incandescent burner.

In using these small mantles, they are simply screwed in place lon the inv rted burners and the organic fabnic burne off with a match or taper; the mixture of gas and air is then turned on and ignited, the

i mantles then shaping into approximately the form shown at 2 in Fig. 2, under prdinary shape are obtained by using mantles which, when shaped, have a diameter of from ve-eighths to one-half of Aan inch, and seven-eighths of ity vgas pressures. The mantles thus l -are good in appearance land give good efliciency in burning. .Thebest results an inch to one inch is the outside limit which can be used 1n this manner. I also preier to use mantles which are not less than one- Afourth of an inch in diameter when burned and shaped.

The advantages of my invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The expense and delay incident to burning, shap- 1 ing, hardening and collodionizing in the facn ture, and in the small diameter the mantles in connection with the closed end will properly shape under ordinary gas pressures, they present a decided advance in this art and widen the field available for inverted incandescent mantles.

nection to burners using ordinary gas pres.

sures, and a carrier having a coi-responds ingly reduced opening to which the open end of the mantle is secured, substantially asv described.

2. As a new article of manufacture, a limp mantle reduced in'size to less than one inch diameter when shaped, and adapted for con- 'nection to burners using ordinary gas pres- \duced limp mantle adapted for connection to burners using ordinary city gas pressures,

said mantle having its surface area less than five times its volume when shaped, and its open end portion adapted to be tightly se cured to a reduced burner tip, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

SVERRE GULBRANDSEN.

VVitnesses-i J. I-I. JOHNSON, L. H. BoRNHorF.

Copies ofr this patent may be obtained` torve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner nf Patents 'ilashing'toml D. C.

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