US1109910A - Automatic small-arm. - Google Patents

Description

J. EASTWICK. AUTOMATIC SMALL ARM. APPLIoATIoN mum JUNE 13,1914.

Patented Sept. 8, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

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4 SHEBTS-SHBBT 2.

Patented Sept. 8, 1914.

J. BASTWICK. AUTOMATIC SMALL ARM.

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AUTOMATIC SMALL ARM. APPLICATION FILED JUNI: 13,1914.

Patented Sept. 8, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

UNTEDfsTATEs PATENT OFFICE JAMES EASTWICK. 0F FYNING WOOD, ROGTE, ENGLAND,

AUTOMATIC SMALL-ARM.

Specication oLetters Patent.

Patented sept. 8, 1914.

- Application filed June'ia,` 1914. serial Ne.- 45,015.

To all whom it myconcern.'

B e it known that I, JAMES EAs'rwICK, a subject .of the Kingof. Great Britain, resid ing at Fyning Wood, in the parish of Rogate, in the county of Sussex, England, have invented a new and useful Automatic Small- Arm, of'fwhich the following is a specification. ."f vi a' This invention relates to automatic small varms of the type in which the opening'of Figure 1 isa longitudinal section showing portions 'of a'weapon in the uncooked position; Figs. 2 and '3 are cross-sections -on the lines A-A, B-B, of Fig. 1 Fig. 4 is a plan partly in section of the casing; Figs. 5 and 6 are sections on vthe lines C-C, D--D, ofFig. 4;,Fig. 7 is a left side Viewv` of the rear part of the casing; Fig. 8 is al perspective vview of the'hand cooking lever; Fig. 9 is a left side view of the front of the casing; Fig.,10 is a longitudinal section of the-bolt; Fig. v11 is a cro's' section showing the bolt'andejector; Fig. 12 isv a plan of the raceway'on which the breech mechanismv moves; Fig. 13 showsf'the two parts of which the weight 'is composed. Fig. 14 is a right hand elevation of av modified form of casing; Fig. v15 a half horizontal section; F igL 16 la plan; Fig. 17 an end View thereof and Figs; 18 to 2 2 are' sections or half sections on thel lines numbered'accordingly in Fig. 14.A i 1 A The barrel 1 is screwed intol a reoeiver`2 forming par-t` of onrigidly-'attached to lthe raceway 3 andat fore end, which 4is not shown, it is secured tothe stock in an'yjconvenient way permitting the barrel to move through a small distance relatively to the stock.` The raceway 'is'attach'ed by flanges Y 4 toa' casing-5 secured t`o the stock by b inding screws 6 extendind-through the Wood?l work, whichv isnots owrnandthe 'base plate 7 of the 'tri ger guardin the 'usual way. This casing ovetails at' each end' into a block 8 into lwhich the bindi`ng-screwsen-- gage. .The sides'of the'casing are lbent over and leave a longitudinal. slot along the cen'- ter. 'The receiver andw'eight' 9 when in their respective Aforward positions `close the front portion f thisfslot; the remainder is closed by a -flap 10 hinged'on one of the sides and opening at right angles to the axis.

A movable end piece 11, seen best in `'Fig.r7,

fits into the rear of theside pieces soas to' complete the casing and is held in positionl by a 'stud 12 actuatedby a lhelical springl 13 arranged on the axis of the vhinge of the flap and tendingt'o keep'the flap closed as well as vto -keep theend piece in sition.

This casing not only excludes dirtv --ut also prevents the motion of@ the weight being seen. In disassemblin'g; 'the binding screws 6 .are`rernoved, the fore endof the barrel freed from the stock ahd-thenthe barrel,

'enter grooves 17 in the're'iver' so that the bolt can bev locked therebyinthe receiverlf' 18-'is a tiring pin passing axially through' raceway and casing liftedclear of the .woodthe bolt anihaving formed on4 itlands'em. i u

gaging rifled'grooves., 19 on the interior of the bolt. Surrounding `the firing pin isa fir'- ing spring 20 and al-so an unlocking spring 21, these-'two springs .being kept apart, so that they may not rb ione upon the other, by a sleeve 22 extending rearward from the bolt carrier.` When the piece is fired the wei htlrches forward-relative. to the rest of .t e'meo'hanism,'or more strictly 'remains stationary owing to its"inertia and' doe's partake inA the first" portion' of ftherecoil, and l thereby compresses'. the springs .20A and lands 'a'.'nd rifled grooves, `-the bolt in its bolt carrier and so 'freesfthe lugs 16;A and :the bolt istherefore free to move rearward out 5f .th'receiven and the weight", boltcarrier,

etc., move rearward along the raceway compressing two telescopic closing springs 23 which are contained intubes of which" the rear halves 24 are connected to the rear of the raceway while the-front halves 25 are connected to the wei ht. Whilethe bolt is thus at thel rear,v t e'spent cartridge is e]ected and a f r'esh cartridge is raised from the magazine 1n any convenient way and then the springs 23 expand bringing the weight andparts withinit back to the po# sition `shown in Fig.. 1 except that ,the-'firing pin is still held' back, that is,.the weapon is cocked.v l Moreover at thecommencement of recoil and duringfthe lurch ofthe weight, the barrel, raceway and -magazine have rel coiled relatively to the vstockand in so dolng have compressed-two' recoil-springs 26 arranged between the rear block 8 and the casing 27 ofthe magazine. springs.

are of such 'a strength that theyexpand again. during the backwardtravel of the weight so that the raceway-'is--urged for-v ward relatively 'to the stock by these springs 426 -while the Aweight istraveling rearward -relatively to the Stock by the spring 21,

l coupled with' the effect of recoil, the result of these movements lbeing an increase of power inthe weight.

".The casing-270i he magazine is rigidly attachedto the race ay so as to slide with it. The magazine casing is leftopen below` the bottom of lthe `magazine beingl formed by the-base plate of .the'trigger'gurlrd At the properoint a-portion--28-fof this base plateis ma e to swing on a pivot 29 and is secured-by a spring catchl 30 -or other convenient -nieansq -If 'it be-swung down readyaccess is obtained' to thr interior 'of the -magazine from` below' wi houtA disas'- sembling the weapon. The vtrigger geanfs attached to the raceway and is"'con nected` with-the tr'igger'31 -bya-bar32.'l

A retaining clutch 33 is-attached--(i the raceway by a pivot 34 so--thatv whenthe crank-35against--the arm 8640i the retainr` ing clutch 83. -In--theuneeked position in addition. toethe bolt being-locked; home, the weight!) is. held-by aftoothf 37 of-thev retaining clutch land the end 38 ofthe clutch resta-against thenear block..8- The-.weight is thus secured t`o theiaceway andthe race- Way to the stock. The action of cooking by -handexplained below unlocks the bolt but -the end 38 of .the clutch is raised so that the sloping surface 39 is placed against a corresponding slope 40 on thesrear block 8. At the-same time the bar 32 is drawn back, the trigger spring 41 ispartly compressed, a bell crank. 42 pivoted to the magazine casin is moved and a lplunger 43 is'thereby li ted until it comes arly against the front end of the clutch The upper' end of the plunger now presses up Athe forward end of the Vsear 44 thus throwing the .Sear out of the bent 45 von the firing pin 18` andthe piece fires. It is this sear which catches the bent 45 whenv the -weight Llurches -forward and locks vthe firing pin tothe weight so keeping the spring 2Q compressed as referred to above. recoil the' incline'39 is forced against the slope 40 on the-rear block 8, the; spring 41 is 'further com-pressed,- a-spring flap 47 on the bell crank f42 is freed` from the 43, the tooth 37is'lowred out of theway of-the rearward travel ofthe weight-'and the front end of the clutch 33 presses down the plunger 43-into-1its` original position. A tooth 48 on the seal' when the -latterls outkof bent enters-a recess 49 .in the raceway 'so' that at theend "of theV forward lurch the toothyisfforeed backward and the scar raised intobent.- f

The\whole mechanism is' now` free. to move until bothfthe raceway"3 and th@ weight 9 `return"to the positions shown. Then the spring 41 'rotates the-clutch 33'on its pivot into the positionshown and at' thesame time moves; back-.thebell crank'42, the(A flap 47 opening and soe slippin 50 on theplu'nger and-t e pieceds ready' to [ire again. j

On the commencement ofA plunger,A

past the shoulder 51.is. the handleverit piv' -f oted at 52 near thearear end-of the weight and -worksin the vertical plane through the axis of. the weapon.- When at rest this lever lies on .th'etop of the weightg-in this position it slides` under the hinged Hap 10 with the backwardl movement of the weight.

When; rotated on its. pivot through a right anglefA it raises the .hingednflap and at the same :timeit draws/bagkzthe ring pin by cams-"53. formed-enit near its 'pivot pressingon horizontalistuds 54 formed on the endI of the firing pin 18.1." At the same timel aprojection 55 formed on thelever beyond the pivot-l resses-down a. tooth.56 on the retaining'c utch--33- se as to free the weight and then the vlever ..51 standing upright and also presses-up/ the Sear 44 linto bentalso brings the handle 59 into the line .of

sightso that aim is impossible untilv the safetyA gear is replaced. The handle projects through-the slot` in the casing and works backwardfand forward in it with the motion of the receiver.

I provide' an immobilizinggear foi` `converting the weapon into a single loader. This gear shown i Figs. 1, 4, 5 and 9) consists ofa lever 61 readily-'turned on its pivot 62 by the thumbof theleft hand and kept in position byra spring 63 housed in the forward binding screw 6.l This leverl raises-pv blocks 6 4 through the casing on each side of the receiver .or the barrel between studs 65 on it and some part `ofthe weight'so as to prevent at once the`backward movement of the barrel and any, forward lurch of the weight.Y 7 .v A

I provide an extractor of any convenient type and -an ejector consisting of a short L or T piece, shown in Figs. 10' and 11, the longer .limb 66 thereofruns-in a groovein the bolt 15-and`works through a slotinthe front face of the bolt while the shorter limb 67 works in a` groove 68 of the proper shape formed in the raceway'and seen in Fig. 12. As the weight recoils the limb" 67 comes against a bar 69 ,lying inthe groove 68 with its rear end resting against a cross bar 70 at the rear of the raceway vwhich also acts as the abutment for the closing springs.

In disassembling the cross bar is removed by slipping or rotating it` out of position and then the hand lever l'being worked the weight and bolt are'slipped'oi the raceway to the rear, the closing springs and the'bar 69 coming away at the same ti e. The bar then impinges against t cross bar at the proper point in the tra-vev and it has a head which prevents it being drawn out of the tube unless the Vbo'ltis freed from the carrier. The weight is formed in two part-s -(shown separately in Fig. 13) kept together by the screws forming the pivot 52 of the lever so that when Withdrawn by the soldier the weight and ibolt with its gear remain united but when the'screws are removed by the armorer the lever and the two partsof th weight come apart and the bolt, the carrier and the locking and unlocking springs are removed. Y n V In the modification shown 1n F1gs. 14 to front.

v22 the casing consists' of two parts 71 hinged to plates 72' secured tothe stock. When closed in position they vare held by catches 73, 74. Each catch is controlled by the springv 13 of .the flap 10. When the flap is 'f raised it presses this spring forward by means of inclines 75 and this tends to secure V- the catches and hold the casings in position.

The catch 73 is connected by a crosshead 76 with a spindle 77 passing through the axis of the spring. This spindle at its farther end engages with a erosshead 78 formed on the catch 74. y

. A spring 79 tends to force the casings apart so that if not securely held they vfall' apart-as shown by the dottedvlines in Figs.

18 to 22. f When thus open the casings can be closed by simply snappingthem together. When closed they can be opened by pressing the crosshead 78 rearward.

The parts may be disassembled as' follows :-The spindle 77 is pressed back by the pressure of thumb or finger on a stud 80 on the spindle until the crosshead 78'is clear.; 78 is then swung outward and the catch 74 is drawn out. The stud 80 is then pressed he'ad76 clear of the casing, the studisthen unscrewed and taken of .and the spindle A77 and the spring 13- taken out toward the The closing springs 23 are here shown as .running on a central spindle 81.

1 In an automatic small arm` thev combinat'on ofa stock, a barrel, a'raceway fast the with,I a recoil spring between the stock and the raceway, a breech bolt, a' weight, a

spring between the bolt and the weight, and A means actuated bythis springfor unlocking the bolt. 'f

2. In an automatic small arm, ,the'combiback .to thefull extent so as to get the crossl nation o f a stock, a barrel, a magazine and -I A a raceway fast therewith, a recoil spring betwJeen the stock and the rad-away, a breech' bolt, a weight, a spring betweenthe bolt and the weight, and means actuated -by this spring for unlocking the bolt.

3. In an automatic small arm, the combination of a stock, a barrel, a raceWay fast therewith, a recoil spring between the stock and the raceway,ga clutch adapted normally to lock the raceway to the stock, a trigger, means `actuated by the trigger for releasing thev raceway from the stock, aA breechbolt, a weight,`a spring between the bolt and the weight, and means actuated by this Spring for unlocking the bolt.

4. In an automatic small arm, the combi- Y A nation of a stock, a barrel, a raceway fast therewith, a recoilsprng between the stock and the raeewaya breech bolt, a weight, a spring. between the bolt andthe weight,

means actuated by this spring for unlocking the bolt, a clutch adapted normally to lock the raceway and welght to the stock, a trigger,means actuated by the rtrigger` for -reing the clutch from the/weight.

5. In an automatic small arm, the combination of a stock, a\`ba rrel, a raceway fast therewith, a recoil spring between the stock and the raceway; va breech bolt, a weight, a spring between the bolt and the weight, means actuated` by this spring f or unlocking the'bolt, a clutch adapted -normally to lock the raceway and weight to the stock, a trigger, means actuated by the trigger for releasing the r'aceway from thelstock, a hand lever pivoted on the weight and adaptedto unlock .the bolt and to release the weight from -the clutch.

6. In an automatic small arm, the combination of a stock, a barrel, a raceway fast therewith, a recoil spring between the stock and the 'raceway, a breech bolt, 21A-weight,

Aaspring between the bolt and the weight,

and a' casing siirrounding theweight and breech mechanism and secured to the stock.

7. In an automatic small arm, the combination of a stock, Aa barrel, a raceway fast therewith, a recoil spring' between the stock and the raceway, a breech bolt, a Weight, 'a spring between the bolt and the weight, and al casing surrounding the weight and breech mechanism and formed in two parts each of which is longitudinally hinged to the raceway. 1

8. In an automatic small arm, the combination of 'a stock, a barrel, a raceway fast therewith, a recoil spring between the stock and the raceway, a breech bolt, a weight, a springbetween the bolt and the weight, and means for locking the barrel to the stock and for preventing the lurch of the weight.

JAMES EASTWICK. Witnesses:

R. B. RANsFoRD, J. H. WHITEHEAD.

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