US10896365B2 - Multi-layered body, and security document - Google Patents

Multi-layered body, and security document Download PDF

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Publication number
US10896365B2
US10896365B2 US15/552,444 US201615552444A US10896365B2 US 10896365 B2 US10896365 B2 US 10896365B2 US 201615552444 A US201615552444 A US 201615552444A US 10896365 B2 US10896365 B2 US 10896365B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
multilayer body
security element
partial region
body according
antenna
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US15/552,444
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English (en)
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US20180039877A1 (en
Inventor
Rene Staub
Sascha Mario Epp
Orvy Emanuel Toberer
John Anthony Peters
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OVD Kinegram AG
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OVD Kinegram AG
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Assigned to OVD KINEGRAM AG reassignment OVD KINEGRAM AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TOBERER, ORVY EMANUEL, EPP, SASCHA MARIO, PETERS, JOHN ANTHONY, STAUB, RENE
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07773—Antenna details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10544—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation by scanning of the records by radiation in the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06018—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking one-dimensional coding
    • G06K19/06028—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking one-dimensional coding using bar codes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/01—Testing electronic circuits therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multilayer body with a functional layer as well as a security document with such a multilayer body and a method for authenticating such a multilayer body.
  • electronic functional layers can be integrated into such documents.
  • these comprise integrated circuits for storing and transferring information, which can be contacted wirelessly for example via an antenna structure integrated into the functional layer.
  • Such functional layers are usually completely enclosed between non-transparent covering layers, with the result that they are not visible from outside and do not interfere with the overall design of the respective security document. However, this has the consequence that any manipulations of the functional layer cannot be recognized visually.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a multilayer body with a functional layer as well as a security document with such a multilayer body, which have improved protection against forgery and manipulation. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for authenticating such a multilayer body.
  • Such a multilayer body has a functional layer which comprises an antenna element. Furthermore, the multilayer body has an optical security element which comprises at least one electrically conductive partial region which is galvanically connected to the antenna element.
  • Such a multilayer body can, taken as a whole, already form a security document or also be integrated into a security document.
  • the multilayer body can for example be provided as a transfer or laminating film and be transferred onto the respective document or be combined with further layers by gluing or laminating to produce a security document.
  • a “security document” is meant for example an identity document, identification document, visa document, certificate, credit card, debit card, product label or the like.
  • At least one electrical property of a conductive partial region of the multilayer body is measured wirelessly and compared with a target value.
  • a method for producing such a multilayer body comprises the steps of:
  • the security element is provided on a transfer film and is transferred onto the substrate by hot stamping, cold stamping or laminating.
  • the security element can however also be directly applied to the substrate and/or the antenna element.
  • the electrically conductive partial region and/or the antenna structure is produced by applying a seed layer of a first metal and galvanizing and/or metalizing with a further metal.
  • the seed layer can for example be applied by printing. In this way it is possible to form any structures that are both decorative and have the desired functional properties.
  • the electrically conductive partial region and the antenna structure are galvanically connected by means of a conductive varnish and/or by means of a through-connection. It is thus also possible to realize complex multilayer structures.
  • a security element galvanically connected to the antenna element provides an additional security feature.
  • the security element also has to be manipulated or completely replaced. Such manipulation attempts can therefore already be optically recognizable on the security element.
  • the galvanic connection between antenna element and security element leads to a change in the electrical properties of the antenna element.
  • the resonance frequency, the inductance, the capacitance and/or the resistance and thus the bandwidth of the antenna element can be influenced.
  • This can also facilitate the recognition of manipulations or forgeries of the functional layer, as for example a correspondingly manipulated functional layer no longer has the desired electrical properties which are necessary for communication with a reader.
  • the separately measurable electrical properties of the multilayer body can represent an authentication feature of its own, with the result that a security document with such a multilayer body obtains additional security features that can in particular be checked electrically or electronically.
  • the main antenna function is however still allocated to the antenna element, the latter can be designed substantially standard-compliant, with the result that likewise standard-compliant readers can be used and such a multilayer body can also be used in standardized applications.
  • the security element can be designed such that the electrical properties of the antenna element are still influenced as little as possible.
  • the antenna element can then correspond to the standard both in terms of its electrical properties and in terms of its geometry.
  • the antenna element can be designed such that it does not, by itself, correspond to the desired standard in terms of its electrical properties. Only when the electrical properties are changed by galvanic connection to the security element is standard-compliance restored. This offers additional security, as a manipulated, bypassed or incorrectly forged security element connected to the antenna element would be incapable of communication with a standard-compliant reader.
  • the electrically conductive partial region of the security element galvanically connects a first partial region of the antenna element to a second partial region of the antenna element.
  • the antenna element comprises at least one winding.
  • the at least one winding is arranged in a frame-shaped region of the multilayer body with the external dimensions 81 mm ⁇ 49 mm and the internal dimensions 64 mm ⁇ 34 mm.
  • a frame-shaped region is meant that the region is limited towards the outside by a rectangle with the external dimensions indicated and towards the inside by a rectangle with the internal dimensions indicated, wherein the sides of the two rectangles run parallel in pairs and equidistant from each other.
  • Such a geometry of the antenna element is compliant with standard ISO/IEC 14443-1, which establishes the antenna geometry for electronically readable identification documents and passports.
  • the security element is arranged within the region enclosed by the at least one winding.
  • Such an arrangement is in particular advantageous in order to minimize the influence of the security element on the electrical properties of the antenna element.
  • the precise arrangement of the security element within the enclosed region is arbitrary.
  • the electrically conductive partial region of the security element covers a maximum proportion of 20%, preferably from 10% to 15%, of the area enclosed by an outermost winding of the antenna element.
  • the influence of the electrically conductive partial region of the security element on the electrical properties of the antenna element can be further limited.
  • the electrically conductive partial region of the security element is formed as a track structure with a width of more than 100 ⁇ m, preferably from 500 ⁇ m to 2000 ⁇ m.
  • Track structures with such dimensions are broad enough to be able to serve in particular as a reflective layer for further optical security features and to be able to make a sufficiently large reflective area available.
  • the windings of the antenna element are spaced at least 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 400 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m apart from each other, in order to achieve sufficient adhesion of the layer bearing the antenna element to further layers arranged above the antenna element.
  • These layers are in particular thermoplastic, with the result that, for example, during a lamination process a sufficient connection of the layers can be achieved by fusing and/or gluing in the spaces between the windings of the antenna element.
  • the electrically conductive partial region of the security element is formed as a track structure with a layer thickness of from 20 nm to 50 ⁇ m, preferably from 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter of the electrically conductive partial region is preferably less than 30 mm, particularly preferably between 15 mm and 25 mm.
  • the electrically conductive partial region of the security element is preferably formed from a reflective material, in particular aluminum, copper, silver, gold, or a metal alloy thereof.
  • the electrically conductive partial region can also consist of a sequence of different conductive materials, for example a layer construction consisting of a base layer of silver and copper deposited thereon.
  • Such materials combine a good electrical conductivity with an attractive optical appearance.
  • the materials are suited to further processing and can for example be applied by metalization, sputtering, vacuum deposition or the like in the desired geometry with high resolution and accuracy.
  • Printing processes can also be used for applying the first conductive base layer.
  • the first conductive base layer can be vapor-deposited and structured in a pattern by means of known methods, for example an etching process.
  • the electrically conductive partial region of the security element can be structured by means of the action of a laser, in particular by means of laser ablation of the conductive layer. Either larger surface areas can be removed with the laser and/or microscopically fine laser perforations can be introduced into the conductive layer (before and/or after structuring by means of other methods), which perforations cannot in particular be perceived with the naked human eye and can only be detected with an aid.
  • the antenna structure is galvanically connected to an integrated circuit.
  • the integrated circuit provides the necessary components for communication with an external reader and further serves for storing information allocated to the multilayer body.
  • This can for example be personalization information for an identification document or a credit card, or also product information for a product or packaging label.
  • Electronic security information such as for example codes or electronic signatures can thus also be stored.
  • the antenna structure in the state connected to the circuit has an optimum resonance frequency between 14.5 MHz and 17.5 MHz, wherein this resonance frequency is dependent on the properties of the integrated circuit, among other things.
  • the resonance frequency of the antenna structure in the state connected to the circuit and the electrically conductive partial region of the security element differs by not more than 5%, preferably by not more than 3% from the optimum resonance frequency of an otherwise geometrically identical antenna structure, which is not connected to the electrically conductive partial region of the security element.
  • an otherwise geometrically identical antenna structure is meant an antenna structure which has no galvanic connection to the security element, but is otherwise congruent with the antenna structure connected to the security element.
  • the electrically conductive partial region of the security element connects two partial regions of the antenna structure, instead of the security element a straight connection of the partial regions is to be provided by a track which otherwise has the same width and layer thickness as the rest of the antenna structure.
  • a substantially standard-compliant antenna structure can be galvanically connected to the security element, without the communication ability thereof suffering.
  • the resonance frequency of the antenna structure in the state connected to the circuit and not connected to the electrically conductive partial region of the security element differs by from 5% to 20%, preferably by from 15% to 20% from a target resonance frequency, at which the antenna structure can be wirelessly contacted by means of an allocated reader.
  • the antenna structure is thus itself out of tune vis-à-vis the reading frequency of the reader. Only by the connection to the electrically conductive partial region of the security element are the properties of the antenna structure changed such that wireless communication with the reader is made possible.
  • the antenna structure preferably has an inductance of from 1.0 ⁇ H to 6 ⁇ H, preferably from 1.5 ⁇ H to 4 ⁇ H.
  • the antenna structure has a capacitance of from 1 pF to 55 pF, preferably from 5 pF to 30 pF.
  • the electrical properties are selected such that problem-free communication with an external reader becomes possible.
  • the antenna structure has an electrical resistance of from 0.5 ⁇ to 6 ⁇ , preferably from 1 ⁇ to 2.5 ⁇ .
  • the bandwidth of the antennae is resistance-dependent. In the resistance range indicated, the desired bandwidth of from 500 kHz to 1600 kHz, preferably 800 kHz to 1000 kHz can be achieved.
  • the security element has an electrical resistance of from 0.2 ⁇ to 3 ⁇ , preferably from 1 ⁇ to 2 ⁇ .
  • the bandwidth of the antenna structure in the state connected to the security element can hereby be further advantageously influenced.
  • the security element preferably has an inductance of from 0.05 ⁇ H to 1.0 ⁇ H, particularly preferably from 0.1 ⁇ H to 0.5 ⁇ H.
  • the security element has a capacitance of from 0.5 pF to 20 pF, preferably from 1 pF to 10 pF.
  • the at least one electrical property used for authenticating the multilayer body in the context of the method described at the start can be a capacitance, an inductance, a quality factor and/or a resonance frequency.
  • an antenna coil of a reading device is preferably brought to cover the electrically conductive partial region. It can thus be ensured that the electrical properties of the electrically conductive partial region can be measured independently of those of the antenna structure.
  • the antenna coil of the reading device covers the electrically conductive partial region viewed in the direction of its surface normal by 50% to 100%.
  • the security element comprises an induction structure which is inductively coupled to a further induction structure of the functional layer.
  • electrical energy from the reading device can be coupled into the security element and thus into the functional layer, in order to provide active components of the integrated circuit with electrical energy.
  • the security element forms a design that is visible to the human eye and/or machine-readable, a coding, an image, a motif, a logo, one or more alphanumeric characters or the like.
  • a further security feature can be provided.
  • Manipulations or forgeries of the functional layer can then be recognized visually or by machine, for example by means of optical differences in the security feature.
  • the security element is formed multilayered, wherein the electrically conductive partial region is formed by a functional layer of the security element.
  • Such a multilayer construction can also be realized during the manufacture of the multilayer body. It is however also possible to provide the security element separately, for example as a foil element which is then connected to the multilayer body by laminating, hot stamping, gluing or the like, wherein the galvanic connection between the electrically conductive partial region of the security element and the antenna structure of the multilayer body is produced.
  • the security element can be integrated into the security element, further increasing protection against forgery and manipulation.
  • the security element comprises an optically variable structure.
  • Such structures on the one hand produce attractive optical effects which can be dependent on the illumination or viewing angle.
  • optically variable structures are particularly difficult to imitate and therefore offer particularly good protection against forgery and manipulation.
  • the optically variable structure is formed by a surface relief of the electrically conductive partial region.
  • the relief structures which produce the optically variable effect are thus introduced directly into the electrically conductive partial region. This can, for example, be carried out by stamping into a metal layer which forms this partial region. Any manipulation of the electrically conductive partial region in this case directly destroys the surface relief, with the result that the optically variable effect is lost or visually recognizably changed. Manipulations or forgeries can therefore already be recognized with the naked eye.
  • the optically variable structure can be formed by a surface relief of a replication layer of the security element.
  • the security element can optionally comprise further special partial detachment and adhesive layers which ensure that in the case of an attempt to detach the replication layer from the electrically conductive partial region, this layer is destroyed.
  • the electrically conductive partial region can serve as reflective layer for the optically variable structure.
  • further metallic or HRI layers HRI: high refractive index
  • HRI high refractive index
  • These further reflective layers can be present over the whole surface or only part thereof.
  • the surface relief can be molded into a replication layer of a separate multilayer body, for example into a hot or cold stamping film or a self-adhesive label and provided with a reflective layer.
  • the separate multilayer body with the optically variable structure is then applied, at least in a partial region, to the electrically conductive partial region of the security element, for example by means of an adhesive layer and a corresponding transfer method.
  • the surface relief forms an optically variable element, in particular a hologram, Kinegram® or Trustseal®, a preferably linear or crossed sinusoidal diffraction grating, a linear or crossed single- or multi-step rectangular grating, a zero-order diffraction structure, an asymmetrical relief structure, a blazed grating, a preferably isotropic or anisotropic mat structure, or a light-diffracting and/or light-refracting and/or light-focusing micro- or nanostructure, a binary or continuous Fresnel lens, a binary or continuous Fresnel freeform surface, a microprism structure or a combination structure thereof.
  • an optically variable element in particular a hologram, Kinegram® or Trustseal®, a preferably linear or crossed sinusoidal diffraction grating, a linear or crossed single- or multi-step rectangular grating, a zero-order diffraction structure, an asymmetrical relief structure, a
  • the optically variable structure can be formed by a single- or multilayer volume hologram and/or by a thin-layer film system producing a color change effect in the case of a change in the illumination and/or viewing angle, in particular a Fabry-Perot thin-layer film system.
  • the security element comprises at least one partial varnish layer which forms an item of optical Information.
  • An additional security feature can also be provided hereby, which would be damaged during manipulations of the conductive partial region.
  • the item of optical information can stand alone or also form an overall design in combination with a design formed by the conductive partial region and/or an optionally present optically variable structure.
  • the at least one partial varnish layer comprises colorants, in particular colored or achromatic pigments and/or dyes, and/or effect pigments, thin-layer film systems, cholesteric liquid crystals, and/or metallic or non-metallic nanoparticles.
  • colorants in particular colored or achromatic pigments and/or dyes, and/or effect pigments, thin-layer film systems, cholesteric liquid crystals, and/or metallic or non-metallic nanoparticles.
  • Complex visual designs can hereby be realized, which also increase protection against forgery.
  • the colorants can be at least partially excited to fluorescence and/or phosphorescence in the ultraviolet and/or infrared spectrum, in particular in the visible spectrum.
  • further security features can be integrated into the security element, which only become visible under suitable illumination conditions and can then be verified visually or by machine.
  • the item of optical information is in the form of at least one motif, pattern, in particular a guilloche pattern, symbol, image, logo, coding or alphanumeric characters, in particular a microtext.
  • the security element overlaps a further graphic element of the multilayer body, in particular an item of individualization information, at least in regions.
  • the security element hereby receives an additional function.
  • the further graphic element can also be protected against manipulation or forgery by the security element, as access to the further graphic element is only possible by destroying the security element.
  • the further graphic element can for example be a photograph of a document holder, lettering with their personal data, a bar code, an item of printed product information or the like.
  • the multilayer body comprises a covering layer which has at least one transparent partial region and at least one non-transparent partial region.
  • the covering layer comprises at least one transparent window.
  • Such a covering layer which is transparent in a partial region, but otherwise opaque or non-transparent, can be used to conceal partial regions of the functional layer which are not intended to be visible as they would for example interfere with the overall design, while partial regions of the functional layer which contribute to the design are visible through the window.
  • a transparent partial region is meant a partial region with a transmissivity of more than 50% in the spectral range visible to the human eye. This value can be exceeded at least in a partial region of the spectral range visible to the human eye, however not necessarily throughout the entire spectral range. In particular, these window regions can also be colored, such that they are transparent only in certain parts of the visible spectral range corresponding to the coloration.
  • a non-transparent partial region on the other hand has a transmissivity of less than 10%, preferably of less than 5% in the spectral range visible to the human eye.
  • a transparent partial region preferably also has a transmissivity of at least 10%, preferably at least 25% for the respective excitation wavelengths.
  • the at least one transparent partial region overlaps the security element viewed in the direction of the surface normals onto the plane spanned by the multilayer body.
  • the at least one non-transparent partial region at least partially overlaps the antenna structure viewed in the direction of the surface normals onto the plane spanned by the multilayer body.
  • optically unattractive partial regions of the functional layer in particular the antenna structure or also the integrated circuit, can be concealed, with the result that they do not interfere with the overall design of the multilayer body.
  • At least one individual image of the multilayer body is captured with a hand-held device and authenticated by means of an image recognition process.
  • Such a hand-held device can for example be a smartphone, a tablet, a PDA or the like.
  • the optical properties of the security element can thus be checked at the same time.
  • instructions are displayed to a user of the hand-held device on a display of the hand-held device; in what relative position and/or at what distance from the multilayer body the hand-held device is to be held and/or moved during the capture of the image sequence.
  • a recognition of optically variable elements of the security element can in particular be hereby facilitated.
  • a target state of the multilayer body at at least one viewing angle is indicated to the user on the display of the hand-held device.
  • the image recognition is carried out by means of a software program executed on a computation device different from the hand-held device, to which computation device the at least one individual image is conveyed via a telecommunication connection, in particular Internet connection.
  • At least one item of information relating to the security document is retrieved from a database and shown on the display.
  • This can for example be an item of information relating to the type of document or the issuing office, personalized information on the document holder or the like. This makes additional verification possible, as the user can thus check whether the database information is consistent with the information on the respective security document.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment example of a functional layer with antenna structure and security element for an embodiment example of a multilayer body
  • FIG. 2 An alternative embodiment example of a functional layer with antenna structure and security element for an embodiment example of a multilayer body
  • FIG. 3 An alternative embodiment example of a functional layer with antenna structure and security element for an embodiment example of a multilayer body
  • FIG. 4 An alternative embodiment example of a functional layer with antenna structure and security element with an additional optically variable structure for an embodiment example of a multilayer body
  • FIG. 5 An embodiment example of a multilayer body with a functional layer according to FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 6 An embodiment example of a multilayer body with a functional layer according to FIG. 4 ;
  • FIG. 7 A sectional representation through a multilayer body with a functional layer according to one of FIGS. 1 to 4 with a window overlapping the security element on one side;
  • FIG. 8 A sectional representation through a multilayer body with a functional layer according to one of FIGS. 1 to 4 with windows overlapping the security element on both sides;
  • FIG. 9 A sectional representation through a multilayer body with a functional layer according to one of FIGS. 1 to 4 with a window overlapping the security element on one side and an overlapping between the security element and a personalization feature;
  • FIG. 10 A functional layer for a multilayer body with an antenna structure according to the state of the art
  • FIG. 11 A detailed view of a security element for a functional layer of a multilayer body
  • FIG. 12 A detailed view of an alternative security element for a functional layer of a multilayer body
  • FIG. 13 A detailed view of an alternative security element for a functional layer of a multilayer body
  • FIG. 14 A detailed view of an alternative security element for a functional layer of a multilayer body
  • FIG. 15 A graph showing the frequency dependence of the field strength for an antenna which is out of tune vis-à-vis a reader
  • FIG. 16 A graph showing the frequency dependence of the field strength for an antenna which is out of tune vis-à-vis a reader and achieves the necessary field strength at the reading frequency in conjunction with an embodiment example of a security element;
  • FIG. 17 A graph showing the frequency dependence of the field strength for an antenna which is out of tune vis-à-vis a reader and achieves the necessary field strength at the reading frequency in conjunction with an alternative embodiment example of a security element;
  • FIG. 18 A graph showing the frequency dependence of the field strength for an antenna which is out of tune vis-à-vis a reader and achieves the necessary field strength at the reading frequency in conjunction with a further alternative embodiment example of a security element;
  • FIG. 19 A schematic representation of an arrangement for analyzing the electrical properties of an embodiment example of a security element
  • FIG. 20 A schematic representation of a transfer film for producing a multilayer body
  • FIG. 21 A schematic representation of a multilayer body after transfer of a security element from a transfer film according to FIG. 20 ;
  • FIG. 22 A schematic representation of a multilayer body with stamped contacting after transfer of a security element from a transfer film according to FIG. 20 ;
  • FIG. 23 A schematic representation of a multilayer body with stamped reverse contacting after transfer of a security element from a transfer film according to FIG. 20 ;
  • FIG. 24 A schematic representation of a multilayer body with partially removed replication layer after transfer of a security element from a transfer film according to FIG. 20 .
  • a functional layer 1 for a multilayer body serves to make possible wireless data transfer between the multilayer body and an external reader.
  • security documents such as identity cards, passports, credit cards, product labels or the like can be provided with electronically retrievable data.
  • the functional layer 1 comprises an antenna structure 11 which is connected to an integrated circuit 12 .
  • the integrated circuit 12 comprises the active and passive components necessary for wireless communication, as well as storage elements in which the desired data can be stored.
  • a security element 13 is further provided. This has at least one conductive region 131 and is galvanically coupled to the antenna structure 11 .
  • the security element 13 first offers an optical security function. Manipulations of the functional layer 1 can result in structural impairments of the security element 13 , which can optionally already be recognized visually. A simple visual inspection of the security element 13 can therefore already increase protection against manipulation and forgery of the functional layer 1 .
  • the galvanic connection between the conductive region 131 of the security element 13 and the antenna structure 11 influences the electrical properties of the antenna structure 11 .
  • the security element 13 has an influence on the inductance and capacitance of the antenna structure 11 and thus on the resonance frequency thereof.
  • the conductive region 131 of the security element 13 is connected in series to the antenna structure 11 , the resistance thereof, and thus the bandwidth and quality factor thereof are further changed.
  • the electrical properties of the antenna structure thus differ from the target values provided. This can be detected by the external reader, in order to recognize forgeries or manipulations. In the case of particularly marked deviations from the target values, communication with the external reader can also become quite impossible.
  • FIG. 1 A first possible embodiment is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the conductive region 131 of the security element 13 is coupled with an individual track 132 to the antenna structure 11 .
  • the antenna structure 11 remains substantially intact. It is therefore desirable here, if the security element 13 exerts a clear influence on the electrical properties of the antenna structure 11 .
  • the antenna structure 11 when taken alone, is preferably out of tune vis-à-vis the frequency used by the external reader for communication with the functional layer 1 . Only by the galvanic connection to the security element 13 is the resonance frequency of the antenna structure 11 changed such that communication with the reader becomes possible.
  • a manipulation of the functional layer 1 during which the security element 13 or the connection thereof to the antenna structure via the track 132 is destroyed or changed, thus leads to a clear change in the resonance frequency of the antenna structure 11 .
  • a functional layer 1 manipulated in such a way can then either not be read, or exhibits such clearly changed properties that the manipulation can be recognized by the reader.
  • the resonance frequency of the antenna structure 11 is changed by the connection to the security element 13 by at least 5% vis-à-vis the resonance frequency of the antenna structure 11 in the state not connected to the security element 13 .
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 An alternative embodiment is represented in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 .
  • the conductive region 131 of the security element 13 is connected to the antenna element 11 via two tracks 132 , 133 .
  • the antenna element 11 is separated into two partial regions 111 , 112 which are not themselves connected. Only by the connection to the security element 13 are these partial regions 111 , 112 galvanically coupled.
  • connection of the two partial regions 111 , 112 of the antenna element 11 is destroyed during a manipulation of the functional layer 1 , whereby the electrical properties of the antenna element 11 are changed massively.
  • the antenna structure 11 by itself is preferably out of tune vis-à-vis the reading frequency of the reader. Only by the connection to the electrically conductive partial region 131 of the security element 13 are the properties of the antenna structure 11 changed such that wireless communication with the reader is made possible.
  • the resonance frequency of the antenna structure 11 in the state connected to the circuit 12 and not connected to the electrically conductive partial region 131 of the security element 13 differs by from 5% to 20%, preferably by from 15% to 20% from a target resonance frequency, at which the antenna structure 11 can be wirelessly contacted by means of an allocated reader.
  • the electrically conductive partial region 131 of the security element 13 covers a maximum proportion of 20%, preferably from 10% to 15%, of the area 14 enclosed by an outermost winding of the antenna element 11 .
  • the antenna structure 11 preferably has an inductance of from 1.0 ⁇ H to 6 ⁇ H, preferably from 1.5 ⁇ H to 4 ⁇ H, and a capacitance of from 1 pF to 55 pF, preferably from 5 pF to 30 pF.
  • the electrical resistance of the antenna structure 11 and thus the bandwidth thereof are also changed.
  • the resistance of the conductive partial region 131 is from 0.2 ⁇ to 3 ⁇ , particularly preferably from 1 ⁇ to 2 ⁇ .
  • the electrically conductive partial region 131 further preferably has an inductance of from 0.05 ⁇ H to 1.0 ⁇ H, particularly preferably from 0.1 ⁇ H to 0.5 ⁇ H, and a capacitance of from 0.5 pF to 20 pF, preferably from 1 pF to 10 pF. It is further expedient if the electrically conductive partial region of the security element is formed as a track structure with a layer thickness of from 20 nm to 50 ⁇ m, preferably from 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the electrically conductive partial region of the security element is preferably formed from a reflective material, in particular aluminum, copper, silver, gold, or metal alloy thereof.
  • Such materials combine a good electrical conductivity with an attractive optical appearance.
  • the materials are suited to further processing and can for example be applied by metalization, sputtering, vacuum deposition or the like in the desired geometry with high resolution and accuracy.
  • the security element 13 is formed multilayered, wherein the electrically conductive partial region 131 is overlaid by at least one further layer 134 .
  • Such a multilayer construction can also be realized during the manufacture of the multilayer body. It is however also possible to provide the security element 13 separately, for example as a foil element which is then connected to the functional layer 1 of the multilayer body by laminating, hot stamping, gluing or the like, wherein the galvanic connection between the electrically conductive partial region 131 of the security element 13 and the antenna structure 11 of the multilayer body is produced.
  • the security element 13 can be integrated into the security element 13 , further increasing protection against forgery and manipulation.
  • FIG. 4 An example of this is represented in FIG. 4 , wherein the security element 13 comprises an optically variable structure.
  • Such structures on the one hand produce attractive optical effects which can be dependent on the illumination or viewing angle.
  • optically variable structures are particularly difficult to imitate and therefore offer particularly good protection against forgery and manipulation.
  • the optically variable structure is formed by a surface relief of a replication layer 134 of the security element 13 , as represented in FIG. 4 .
  • This is expedient if the security element 13 itself is constructed multilayered. Particularly good protection against manipulation and forgery is also guaranteed hereby, as for manipulations of the electrically conductive partial region 131 , the further layers 134 of the security element 13 with the optically variable structure have to be removed first. This is however scarcely possible non-destructively, with the result that here too, manipulations are visually recognizable.
  • the security element 13 can optionally comprise further special partial detachment and adhesive layers which ensure that in the case of an attempt to detach the replication layer 134 from the electrically conductive partial region, this layer is destroyed.
  • the electrically conductive partial region 131 can serve as reflective layer for the optically variable structure.
  • further metallic or HRI layers HRI: high refractive index
  • HRI high refractive index
  • the surface relief can be molded into a replication layer of a separate multilayer body, for example into a hot or cold stamping film or a self-adhesive label and provided with a reflective layer.
  • the separate multilayer body with the optically variable structure is then applied, at least in a partial region, to the electrically conductive partial region 131 of the security element 13 , for example by means of an adhesive layer and a corresponding transfer method.
  • the surface relief forms an optically variable element, in particular a hologram, Kinegram® or Trustseal®, a preferably linear or crossed sinusoidal diffraction grating, a linear or crossed single- or multi-step rectangular grating, a zero-order diffraction structure, an asymmetrical relief structure, a blazed grating, a preferably isotropic or anisotropic mat structure, or a light-diffracting and/or light-refracting and/or light-focusing micro- or nanostructure, a binary or continuous Fresnel lens, a binary or continuous Fresnel freeform surface, a microprism structure or a combination structure thereof.
  • an optically variable element in particular a hologram, Kinegram® or Trustseal®, a preferably linear or crossed sinusoidal diffraction grating, a linear or crossed single- or multi-step rectangular grating, a zero-order diffraction structure, an asymmetrical relief structure, a
  • the optically variable structure is formed by a surface relief of the electrically conductive partial region 131 .
  • the relief structures which produce the optically variable effect are thus introduced directly into the electrically conductive partial region 131 .
  • This can, for example, be carried out by stamping into a metal layer which forms this partial region. Any manipulation of the electrically conductive partial region 131 in this case directly destroys the surface relief, with the result that the optically variable effect is lost or visually recognizably changed. Manipulations or forgeries can therefore already be recognized with the naked eye.
  • the optically variable structure can be formed by a single- or multilayer volume hologram and/or by a thin-layer film system producing a color change effect in the case of a change in the illumination and/or viewing angle, in particular a Fabry-Pérot thin-layer film system.
  • the security element 13 comprises at least one partial varnish layer which forms an item of optical information.
  • An additional security feature can also be provided hereby, which would be damaged during manipulations of the conductive partial region.
  • the item of optical information can stand alone or also form an overall design in combination with a design formed by the conductive partial region and/or an optionally present optically variable structure.
  • the at least one partial varnish layer comprises colorants, in particular colored or achromatic pigments and/or dyes, and/or effect pigments, thin-layer film systems, cholesteric liquid crystals, and/or metallic or non-metallic nanoparticles.
  • the colorants can be at least partially excited to fluorescence and/or phosphorescence in the ultraviolet and/or infrared spectrum, in particular in the visible spectrum.
  • further security features can be integrated into the security element 13 , which only become visible under suitable illumination conditions and can then be verified visually or by machine.
  • the item of optical Information is in the form of at least one motif, pattern, in particular a guilloche pattern, symbol, image, logo, coding or alphanumeric characters, in particular a microtext.
  • the functional layer 1 of the multilayer body is provided with a covering layer 2 on one or both sides. This is illustrated in various embodiments in FIGS. 5 to 9 .
  • the covering layer 2 has a non-transparent partial region 21 and a transparent partial region 22 .
  • a transparent partial region is meant a partial region with a transmissivity of from 50% to 100% in the spectral range visible to the human eye.
  • a non-transparent partial region on the other hand has a transmissivity of less than 10%, preferably of less than 5% in the spectral range visible to the human eye.
  • the covering layer 2 comprises at least one transparent window.
  • a covering layer 2 which is transparent in a partial region, but otherwise opaque or non-transparent, can be used to conceal partial regions of the functional layer 1 which are not intended to be visible as they would for example interfere with the overall design, while partial regions of the functional layer 1 which contribute to the design are visible through the window.
  • the covering layer 2 consists of one or more polymers, for example PVC, ABS, PET, PET-G, BOPP, polypropylene, polyamide or polycarbonate, Teslin® or synthetic paper and has a layer thickness of from 10 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m, preferably from 50 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • polymers for example PVC, ABS, PET, PET-G, BOPP, polypropylene, polyamide or polycarbonate, Teslin® or synthetic paper and has a layer thickness of from 10 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m, preferably from 50 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the at least one non-transparent partial region 21 at least partially overlaps the antenna structure 11 viewed in the direction of the surface normals onto the plane spanned by the multilayer body.
  • optically unattractive partial regions of the functional layer 1 in particular the antenna structure 11 or also the integrated circuit 12 , can be concealed, with the result that they do not interfere with the overall design of the multilayer body.
  • the transparent partial region 22 on the other hand preferably overlaps the security element 13 viewed in the direction of the surface normals onto the plane spanned by the multilayer body, with the result that the design elements thereof are at least partially visible from one or both sides of the multilayer body.
  • further informative elements or design elements can be provided, such as for example personalization information 23 or other graphic or alphanumeric elements 24 .
  • the security element 13 and the transparent partial region 22 of the covering layer overlaps such an item of personalization Information 23 .
  • the security element 13 thus receives an additional function, namely the protection of the personalization information 23 against manipulations which, in the case of such an embodiment, are not possible without damaging the security element 13 .
  • FIG. 10 first of all a functional layer 1 according to the state of the art with an antenna structure 11 without a security element 13 is represented.
  • FIGS. 11 to 14 show detailed views of differently designed security elements 13 which can be connected to such an antenna structure 11 .
  • FIG. 10 19.4 16.1 1.3 50.9 0.61 FIG. 11 19.5 16.2 1.3 51.2 0.69 FIG. 12 19.4 16.1 1.3 50.9 0.76 FIG. 13 19.3 16.1 1.3 52.6 0.92 FIG. 14 19.2 15.9 1.4 50.2 1.92
  • the resonance frequency f of the antenna structure 11 is substantially influenced by the security elements 13 in the embodiment examples shown.
  • the inductance L, and the capacitance C of the antenna structure 11 are also substantially insensitive vis-à-vis the connection to the security element 13 .
  • Changes in the resistance R on the other hand, only slightly affect the resonance frequencies. In such cases, an antenna structure 11 can thus be used, which substantially corresponds to the state of the art shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the antenna structure 11 must be designed such that in the absence of the security element it is out of tune vis-à-vis a reading frequency of the external reader.
  • the frequency dependence of the field strength of such an antenna structure 11 is represented in FIG. 15 for two examples.
  • the resonance frequency f 1 of a first antenna structure with the quality factor Q 1 lies below the resonance frequency of the reader of 13.56 MHz.
  • the resonance frequency f 2 of a second antenna structure with the quality factor Q 2 lies above the resonance frequency of the reader of 13.56 MHz.
  • quality factor of an antenna is meant the quotient of resonance frequency and bandwidth.
  • the resonance frequency f t is less than 12.5 MHz and the quality factor Q 1 is greater than 10, as well as if the resonance frequency f 2 is greater than 17.5 MHz and the quality factor Q 2 is greater than 20.
  • the resonance frequency of the antenna structure f′ 1 can be moved to a value greater than 12.5 MHz, with the result that the field strength at the reading frequency of 13.56 MHz exceeds the minimum value H min .
  • the security element 13 occupies a proportion of more than 20% of the area enclosed by the antenna structure 11 .
  • the inductance of the antenna structure 11 is reduced and the resonance frequency increased by the shielding effect of the additional metalized area. No interruption of the antenna structure 11 is necessary here.
  • a possible embodiment example of this is the variant shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the electrical resistance of the antenna structure 11 is considerably increased by the fine and elongated track structure of the conductive partial region 131 , with the result that the antenna structure 11 connected to the security element 13 has a changed quality factor Q′ 2 .
  • the area of the security element 13 here covers less than 20% of the area enclosed by the antenna structure 11 , with the result that the capacitance and inductance of the antenna structure 11 scarcely change.
  • the resulting resonance frequency f′ 2 also scarcely changes.
  • the partial regions 111 , 112 of an interrupted antenna structure 11 are bypassed by the conductive partial region 131 of a security element 13 with low electrical resistance. This is represented in FIG. 18 .
  • the security element 13 has relatively short and wide track structures, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the quality factor Q′ 2 also remains substantially unchanged.
  • the security element 13 changes the antenna capacitance, with the result that the resulting resonance frequency f′ 2 is moved towards the reading frequency of the reader. Here too, communication with the reader is thus again possible.
  • a further possibility for authenticating a security document which comprises a security element 13 of the type described consists in reading the electrical properties of the conductive partial region 131 itself.
  • an antenna coil 31 of a reading device 3 is brought to cover the security element 13 .
  • the diameter of the antenna coil 31 substantially corresponds to the diameter of the security element 13 , with the result that the properties thereof can be recorded independently of the antenna structure 11 .
  • a display and evaluation unit 32 it can then be determined whether the electrical properties of the security element 13 correspond to the target values and whether the security element 13 is thus authentic or has been manipulated or forged.
  • the security element 13 can first be provided as a transfer film.
  • a replication layer 134 is provided on a carrier ply 135 and, by metalization and optionally subsequent structuring (e.g. by etching, by means of photoresist, by means of a washing process) provided with a partial metal layer which forms the conductive partial region 131 .
  • an adhesive layer 136 is applied, with which the transfer ply of the transfer film can be attached to the substrate.
  • the structure according to FIG. 21 results.
  • the replication layer 134 remains on the carrier ply 135 , such that the conductive partial regions lie on the surface.
  • the replication layer 134 is also transferred, but removed again in a further step.
  • the contacting of the electrically conductive partial region 131 of the security element 13 takes place through a printed-on conductive varnish, which connects the partial region 131 to the antenna element 11 not shown here.
  • the substrate preferably consists of polycarbonate with a layer thickness of 50 ⁇ m, the adhesive layer has a preferred layer thickness of 4 ⁇ m, the track structure of the security element a preferred layer thickness of 100 nm.
  • the antenna element 11 and the electrically conductive partial region 131 are galvanically reinforced together.
  • FIG. 22 An alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 22 .
  • the printing of the antenna tracks takes place by means of conductive varnish 15 .
  • An electrical connection to the partial region 131 does not exist for the time being.
  • holes 16 are punched, analogously to those for a through-connection on the back. Not only are the conductive varnish 15 and the substrate pierced, but also the thin replication layer 134 on the contact points.
  • the piercing points 16 are also reinforced and a good electrical and mechanical connection between the conductive partial region 131 and the antenna tracks 11 is ensured.
  • the replication varnish layer 134 prevents the galvanic reinforcement of the underlying electrically conductive partial regions 131 , it is advantageous to design these partial regions 131 sufficiently thick before the transfer of the transfer ply.
  • the preferred layer thickness of the electrically conductive partial regions 131 is preferably more than 500 nm, further preferably more than 1000 nm. Such thicknesses can be achieved by vapor deposition or also advantageously by galvanic reinforcement of a previously structured thin conductive, for example vapor-deposited or printed conductive layer.
  • conductive varnish 15 is also provided there, which is also connected to the conductive partial region 131 through the perforations 16 .
  • the isolating replication layer 134 can also be removed in regions over the electrically conductive partial region 131 , in order thus to make possible a direct contact between the electrically conductive partial region 131 and the conductive varnish 15 which forms the antenna structure 11 after the galvanization. Perforations can then be dispensed with.
  • the antenna element 11 and security element 13 can also be manufactured completely separately and mechanically connected, for example by soldering, crimping, ultrasonic welding or gluing with a conductive adhesive.
  • the assembly on the substrate 1 advantageously takes place by means of transfer of the separately manufactured elements.
  • a wire antenna can also be used as antenna element 11 .
  • the security element 13 is for example applied to the substrate in a first step and the wire antenna is then applied. However, this procedure can also be carried out in reverse order.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
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  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
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DE102015102731.3A DE102015102731A1 (de) 2015-02-25 2015-02-25 Mehrschichtkörper und Sicherheitsdokument
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EP3262570A2 (fr) 2018-01-03
AU2016223450B2 (en) 2020-10-15
WO2016135265A2 (fr) 2016-09-01
WO2016135265A3 (fr) 2016-10-20
JP2018512653A (ja) 2018-05-17
CA2976715A1 (fr) 2016-09-01
US20180039877A1 (en) 2018-02-08
AU2016223450A1 (en) 2017-08-31
NZ734474A (en) 2021-08-27

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