US10755635B2 - Organic light-emitting display device and related driving method - Google Patents

Organic light-emitting display device and related driving method Download PDF

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US10755635B2
US10755635B2 US15/869,459 US201815869459A US10755635B2 US 10755635 B2 US10755635 B2 US 10755635B2 US 201815869459 A US201815869459 A US 201815869459A US 10755635 B2 US10755635 B2 US 10755635B2
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transistor
period
scan
data
sensing
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US20190096321A1 (en
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Su Min Yang
Cheol Min Kim
Dong Won Lee
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Samsung Display Co Ltd
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    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
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    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3275—Details of drivers for data electrodes
    • G09G3/3291—Details of drivers for data electrodes in which the data driver supplies a variable data voltage for setting the current through, or the voltage across, the light-emitting elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
    • H01L27/12—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body
    • H01L27/1214—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs
    • H01L27/124—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an insulating body comprising a plurality of TFTs formed on a non-semiconducting substrate, e.g. driving circuits for AMLCDs with a particular composition, shape or layout of the wiring layers specially adapted to the circuit arrangement, e.g. scanning lines in LCD pixel circuits
    • H01L27/3211—
    • H01L27/322—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/60—Circuit arrangements for operating LEDs comprising organic material, e.g. for operating organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/38—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising colour filters or colour changing media [CCM]
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Definitions

  • the technical field relates to an organic light-emitting display device and a method for driving the organic light-emitting display device.
  • Modern display devices include liquid-crystal display (LCD) devices and organic light-emitting display (OLED) devices.
  • LCD liquid-crystal display
  • OLED organic light-emitting display
  • An organic light-emitting display device displays images using organic light-emitting devices that emit light as electrons and holes recombine.
  • An organic light-emitting display device has one or more of the following advantages: fast response speed, high luminance, a large viewing angle, and low power consumption.
  • Embodiments are related to an organic light-emitting display device capable of measuring hysteresis characteristics in real-time, and a method for driving the organic light-emitting display device.
  • Embodiments are related to an organic light-emitting display device with improved accuracy in measuring hysteresis characteristics, and a method for driving the organic light-emitting display device.
  • An embodiment is related to an organic light-emitting display device that may include the following elements: a first pixel unit comprising a sensing transistor and a scan transistor; a first data line; a first scan line; a data driver connected to the scan transistor through the first data line; and a scan driver connected to the scan transistor through the first scan line.
  • the scan transistor may be turned on during a first period and a second period.
  • the sensing transistor may be turned on during a third period between the first period and the second period.
  • the first period, the second period, and the third period may be included in one frame (i.e., included in a same frame period of operation of the organic light-emitting display device).
  • the scan transistor may be turned off during the third period.
  • the sensing transistor may be turned off during each of the first period and the second period.
  • the device may include a signal path.
  • the first pixel further may include a driving transistor electrically connected to the scan transistor, and further may include an organic light-emitting diode electrically connected to the driving transistor through the signal path.
  • the sensing transistor may be electrically connected to the signal path.
  • the data driver may provide a first data signal corresponding to measurement data to the first pixel during the first period, and may provide a second data signal corresponding to grayscale data to the first pixel during the second period.
  • the sensing transistor may measure a driving current of the driving transistor corresponding to the first data signal during the third period.
  • the scan transistor may include a first terminal electrically connected to the first data line, a control electrode electrically connected to the first scan line, and a second terminal electrically connected through no intervening transistor to a first terminal of the driving transistor,
  • the driving transistor may include a control electrode electrically connected through no intervening transistor to a first node and a second terminal electrically connected to the organic light-emitting diode.
  • the sensing transistor may include a first terminal electrically connected to the second terminal of the driving transistor and a second terminal electrically connected through no intervening transistor to the first data line.
  • the first pixel further may include the following elements: a compensating transistor including a control electrode electrically connected to the first scan line, a first terminal electrically connected to the first node, and a second terminal electrically connected to the second terminal of the driving transistor; and an initializing transistor including a first terminal receiving an initialization voltage and a second terminal electrically connected to the first node.
  • a compensating transistor including a control electrode electrically connected to the first scan line, a first terminal electrically connected to the first node, and a second terminal electrically connected to the second terminal of the driving transistor
  • an initializing transistor including a first terminal receiving an initialization voltage and a second terminal electrically connected to the first node.
  • the device may include the following elements: a second scan line immediately neighboring the first scan line with no intervening scan line; and a second pixel electrically connected to the second scan line.
  • the second pixel may receive a scan signal having a turn-on level from the second scan line after the second period.
  • the device may include the following elements: a second scan line immediately neighboring the first scan line with no intervening scan line; and a second pixel electrically connected to the second scan line.
  • the second pixel may include a compensating transistor having a control electrode electrically connected to the second scan line and a first terminal receiving an initialization voltage, and a driving transistor having a control electrode electrically connected to a second terminal of the compensating transistor.
  • the control electrode of the driving transistor of the second pixel may receive the initialization voltage during the first period and the third period.
  • An embodiment is related to an organic light-emitting display device that may include the following elements: a plurality of pixels including a first pixel, the first pixel comprising a sensing transistor and a scan transistor; a first data line; a first scan line; a data driver connected to one electrode of the scan transistor through the first data line; and a scan driver connected to a control electrode of the scan transistor through the first scan line.
  • the scan transistor may receive, from the data driver, a first data signal based on measurement data during a first period and a second data signal based on grayscale data during a second period.
  • the sensing transistor may be turned on during a third period between the first period and the second period.
  • the first period, the second period, and the third periods may be included in a first frame (i.e., included in a same frame period of operation of the organic light-emitting display device).
  • the scan transistor may be turned on in each of the first period and the second period.
  • the first pixel further may include a driving transistor electrically connected, through no intervening transistor, to a second terminal of the scan transistor.
  • the sensing transistor may be electrically connected to a first terminal of the driving transistor.
  • the device may include a timing controller configured to determine a hysteresis area among the plurality of pixels based on an image signal provided from an external device.
  • the first pixel may be included in the hysteresis area.
  • the sensing transistor may measure a sensing voltage corresponding to the first data signal during the third period.
  • the timing controller generates compensation data based on the sensing voltage.
  • the data driver may provide a third data signal based on the compensation data to the first terminal of the scan transistor.
  • the first terminal of the scan transistor may receive the third data signal during a second frame subsequent to the first frame.
  • An embodiment is related to a method for driving an organic light-emitting display device.
  • the organic light-emitting display device may include a first pixel.
  • the first pixel may include a scan transistor and a sensing transistor.
  • the method may include the following steps: providing a first scan signal to turn on the scan transistor during a first period; providing a second scan signal to turn on the scan transistor during a second period subsequent to the first period; and providing a sensing signal to turn on the sensing transistor during a third period between the first period and the second period.
  • the first period, the second period, and the third period may be included in a first frame (i.e., included in a same frame period of operation of the organic light-emitting display device).
  • a first terminal of the scan transistor may receive, through a data line, a first data signal based on measurement data during the first period and a second data signal based on grayscale data during the second period.
  • the first pixel further may include a driving transistor electrically connected, through no intervening transistor, to a second terminal of the scan transistor.
  • the sensing transistor may be electrically connected to the driving transistor.
  • the sensing transistor may measure a sensing voltage corresponding to the first data signal during the third period.
  • the sensing transistor may provide the sensing voltage measured during the third period to the data line.
  • the first terminal of the scan transistor may receive a data signal corresponding to the compensation data generated based on the sensing voltage during a second frame subsequent to the first frame.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an organic light-emitting display device according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a first pixel unit (or first pixel) among the plurality of pixel units (or pixels) shown in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for illustrating signal flow among the timing controller, the data driving circuit and the pixel unit shown in FIG. 1 according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing in detail the timing controller and the data driving circuit shown in FIG. 3 according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph for illustrating hysteresis characteristics according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 6A is an equivalent circuit diagram of the k th pixel unit when it displays images according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 6B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the k th pixel unit when it measures the hysteresis according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a timing diagram for illustrating modes of the organic light-emitting display device according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 8A , FIG. 8B , FIG. 9A , FIG. 9B , FIG. 10A , and FIG. 10B are diagrams for illustrating the normal mode of the first pixel unit according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 11A , FIG. 11B , FIG. 12A , FIG. 12B , FIG. 13A , FIG. 13B , FIG. 14A , FIG. 14B , FIG. 15A , and FIG. 15B are diagrams for illustrating the hysteresis measurement mode of the k th pixel unit according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 16A , FIG. 16B , FIG. 17A , FIG. 17B , FIG. 18A , and FIG. 18B are diagrams for illustrating the operation of the k th pixel unit in the second frame according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 19 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a k th pixel unit of an organic light-emitting display device according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram for illustrating a driving operation of an organic light-emitting display device according to an embodiment.
  • first,” “second,” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements, should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be used to distinguish one element from another element. Thus, a first element may be termed a second element without departing from teachings of one or more embodiments. The description of an element as a “first” element may not require or imply the presence of a second element or other elements.
  • the terms “first,” “second,” etc. may also be used herein to differentiate different categories or sets of elements. For conciseness, the terms “first,” “second,” etc. may represent “first-type (or first-set),” “second-type (or second-set),” etc., respectively.
  • first element When a first element is referred to as being “on,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” a second element, the first element may be directly on, connected to, or coupled to the second element, or one or more intervening elements may be present between the first element and the second element.
  • first element When a first element is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” a second element, there are no intended intervening elements (except environmental elements such as air) present between the first element and the second element.
  • Spatially relative terms such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used to describe one element's relationship to another element(s) as illustrated in the drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of an apparatus in use, operation, and/or manufacture in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. For example, if the apparatus in the drawings is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. Furthermore, the apparatus may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and, as such, the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
  • connection may mean one or more of “electrically connected,” “electrically connected through no intervening transistor,” “electrically connected through one transistor,” “electrically connected through multiple transistors,” etc.
  • pixel unit may mean “pixel.”
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an organic light-emitting display device according to an embodiment.
  • an organic light-emitting display device may include a display unit 110 , a scan driver 120 , a data driving circuit 130 , a timing controller 140 , an emission driver 150 , a power supply 160 , and a sensing signal providing unit 170 .
  • the display unit 110 is defined as an area where images are displayed.
  • a plurality of pixel units PX (or pixels PX) is arranged on the display unit 110 .
  • the plurality of pixel units PX may be connected to first to n th scan lines SL 1 to SLn extending in a first direction d 1 , and a first to mth data lines DL 1 to DLm extending in a second direction d 2 , where n and m are natural numbers equal to or greater than one.
  • the plurality of pixel units PX may also be connected to first to n th emission control lines EML 1 , EML 2 , to EMLn extending in the opposite direction to the first direction of FIG. 1 .
  • the first direction d 1 may intersect with the second direction d 2 .
  • the first direction d 1 refers to the row direction
  • the second direction d 2 refers to the column direction.
  • the directions in which the scan lines, the data lines and the emission control lines are extended shown in FIG. 1 are merely illustrative and are not particularly limited as long as they are insulated from one another.
  • each of the plurality of pixel units PX may be connected to two of the first to n th scan lines SL 1 to SLn.
  • each of the plurality of pixel units PX may be connected to the scan line connected to the row in which it is located and the scan line connected to the previous row.
  • a pixel unit PX disposed in area A may be connected not only to the first scan line SL 1 but also to the dummy scan line SL 0 connected to the previous row.
  • the first to n th scan lines SL 1 to SLn and the dummy scan line SL 0 are referred to as a plurality of scan lines SL 0 , SL 1 , SL 2 to SLn- 1 , SLn, and the signals provided from the plurality of scan lines SL 0 to SLn are referred to as scan signals S 0 , S 1 , S 2 to Sn- 1 and Sn, respectively.
  • the scan driver 120 may be connected to the plurality of pixel units PX through the plurality of scan lines SL 0 to SLn. More specifically, the scan driver 120 may generate the plurality of scan signals S 0 to Sn based on a first control signal CONT 1 provided from the timing controller 140 . The scan driver 120 may provide the generated scan signals S 0 to Sn to the plurality of pixel units PX through the plurality of scan lines SL 0 to SLn.
  • the data driving circuit 130 may include a data driver 131 and a sensing unit 132 .
  • the data driver 131 may be connected to the plurality of pixel units PX through the first to mth data lines DL 1 , DL 2 , to DLm. More specifically, the data driver 131 may receive a second control signal CONT 2 , first image data DATA 1 and second image data DATA 2 from the timing controller 140 . The data driver 131 may generate the first to mth data signals D 1 , D 2 , to Dm based on the second control signal CONT 2 , the first image data DATA 1 and the second image data DATA 2 . The data driver 131 may provide the generated first to mth data signals D 1 to Dm to the plurality of pixel units PX through the first to mth data lines DL 1 to DLm. The data driver 131 may include a shift register, a latch, a digital-to-analog converter, etc.
  • the sensing unit 132 may be connected to the plurality of pixel units PX through the first to mth data lines DL 1 to DLm. More specifically, the sensing unit 132 may measure hysteresis characteristics of a pixel unit located in an area determined that there occurred hysteresis. In the following description, an area determined that there occurred hysteresis is defined as a hysteresis area.
  • the number of pixel units included in the hysteresis area is not particularly limited herein.
  • a hysteresis area may include a single pixel unit.
  • a hysteresis area may include a plurality of pixel units. In the following description, it is assumed that a hysteresis area includes a pixel unit.
  • the sensing unit 132 may convert the measured hysteresis characteristics into sensing data SDATA, and then provide the sensing data SDATA to the timing controller 140 .
  • the data driver 131 and the sensing unit 132 may be connected to the plurality of pixel units PX through the first to mth data lines DL 1 to DLm.
  • the data driving circuit 130 may further include a switching unit 133 (see FIG. 3 ) for selectively connecting the data driver 131 or the sensing unit 132 to the plurality of data lines DL 1 to DLm.
  • the switching unit 133 may perform the switching operations to electrically connect the data driver 131 with the plurality of pixel units PX.
  • the switching unit 133 may perform the switching operations to electrically connect the sensing unit 132 to the plurality of pixel units PX.
  • the timing controller 140 may receive an image signal RGB and a control signal CS from an external device.
  • the image signal RGB may include a plurality of grayscale data items to be provided to the plurality of pixel units PX.
  • the control signal CS may include a horizontal synchronization signal, a vertical synchronization signal, and a main clock signal.
  • the horizontal synchronization signal represents the time taken to display a single line of the display unit 110 .
  • the vertical synchronization signal represents the time taken to display an image of a single frame.
  • the main clock signal is a signal used as a reference when the timing controller 140 is in synchronization with the scan driver 120 and the data driver 131 for generating various signals.
  • the timing controller 140 may process the image signal RGB and the control signal CS appropriately for the operation conditions of the display unit 110 , to generate the first image data DATA 1 , the second image data DATA 2 , the first control signal CONT 1 , the second control signal CONT 2 , the third control signal CONT 3 and the fourth control signal CONT 4 .
  • the timing controller 140 may determine a hysteresis area based on the image signal RGB.
  • the timing controller 140 may adjust the data signal, the scan signal, the sensing signal and the emission control signal provided to the hysteresis area in order to measure the hysteresis of the hysteresis area. Detailed description thereof will be made later.
  • the sensing unit 132 may convert the measured hysteresis into sensing data SDATA, and then provide the sensing data SDATA to the timing controller 140 .
  • the timing controller 140 may generate compensation data based on the sensing data SDATA and may provide the compensation data to the data driver 131 .
  • the compensation data is defined as data in which hysteresis is compensated for.
  • the emission driver 150 may be connected to the plurality of pixel units PX through the first to the n th emission control lines EML 1 to EMLn.
  • the emission driver 150 may generate the first to the n th emission control signals EM 1 , EM 2 , to EMn based on the third control signal CONT 3 received from the timing controller 140 .
  • the emission driver 150 may provide the generated first to n th emission control signals EM 1 to EMn to the plurality of pixel units PX through the first to the n th emission control lines EML 1 to EMLn.
  • the power supply 160 may provide a first driving voltage ELVDD, a second driving voltage ELVSS and an initialization voltage VINT to the plurality of pixel units PX.
  • the level of the first driving voltage ELVDD may be higher than the level of the second driving voltage ELVSS.
  • the sensing signal providing unit 170 may generate first to the n th sensing signals SE 1 to SEn based on the fourth control signal CONT 4 received from the timing controller 140 .
  • the sensing signal providing unit 170 may measure a hysteresis of the hysteresis area by providing a sensing signal to a pixel unit disposed the hysteresis area.
  • the sensing signal providing unit 170 may be connected to each of the plurality of pixel units PX through a plurality of sensing lines. That is, the plurality of pixel units PX may be connected to the plurality of sensing lines, respectively. In an embodiment, each of the plurality of sensing lines may be connected to pixel units PX arranged in a row. In the embodiment, by providing a sensing signal to a pixel unit disposed in the hysteresis area, the sensing signal may be provided to the other pixel units disposed in the same row.
  • the sensing signal providing unit 170 may be implemented as an integrated circuit (IC). In an embodiment, the sensing signal providing unit 170 may be included in the timing controller 140 or the data driving circuit 130 .
  • IC integrated circuit
  • FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the first pixel unit among the plurality of pixel units shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the k th pixel unit PXk among the plurality of pixel units PX will be described.
  • the k th pixel unit PXk is defined as a pixel unit receiving the i th scan signal Si, the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1), the j th data signal Dj, the i th emission control signal EMi and the i th sensing signal SEi, where i and j are natural numbers equal to or greater than one.
  • the k th pixel unit PXk may include first to eighth transistors T 1 to T 8 , a storage capacitor Cst, and an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).
  • Each of the first to eighth transistors T 1 to T 8 may include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode.
  • the control electrode is referred to as a gate electrode
  • the input electrode is referred to as a source electrode
  • the output electrode is referred to as a drain electrode.
  • the type of the first to eighth transistors T 1 to T 8 is not particularly limited herein.
  • they may be NMOS transistors, unlike those shown in the drawings.
  • the first transistor T 1 may include a gate electrode connected to a first node N 1 , a source electrode connected to a third node N 3 , and a drain electrode connected to a second node N 2 .
  • the second transistor T 2 may include a gate electrode receiving the i th scan signal Si, a source electrode connected to the j th data line DLj, and a drain electrode connected to the third node N 3 .
  • the second transistor T 2 may perform a switching operation based on the i th scan signal Si so that the j th data signal Dj is provided to the source electrode of the first transistor T 1 connected to the third node N 3 .
  • the first transistor T 1 may adjust the amount of the driving current I 1 supplied to the organic light-emitting diode OLED based on the received j th data signal Dj.
  • the first transistor T 1 may control the driving current I 1 provided to the organic light-emitting diode OLED according to the potential difference Vgs between the gate electrode and the source electrode (hereinafter referred to as gate-source voltage Vgs). More specifically, the first transistor T 1 is turned on when the gate-source voltage Vgs is greater than the threshold voltage Vth. When the voltage level at the source electrode of the first transistor T 1 becomes greater than the threshold voltage of the organic light-emitting diode OLED, the current between the source electrode and the drain electrode of the first transistor T 1 , i.e., the driving current I 1 is provided to the organic light-emitting diode OLED. That is, the first transistor T 1 may be a driving transistor.
  • the second transistor T 2 may be a scan transistor.
  • the third transistor T 3 may include a gate electrode receiving the i th scan signal Si, a source electrode connected to the drain electrode of the first transistor T 1 , and a drain electrode connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 .
  • the third transistor T 3 may perform a switching operation based on the i th scan signal Si to connect the source electrode with the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 . Accordingly, the third transistor T 3 may compensate for the threshold voltage Vth of the first transistor T 1 by performing the switching operation so that the first transistor T 1 is diode-connected. That is, the third transistor T 3 may be a compensating transistor.
  • a voltage equal to the j th data signal Dj applied to the source electrode of the first transistor T 1 minus the threshold voltage Vth of the first transistor T 1 may be applied to the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 .
  • the voltage Vj corresponding to the j th data signal Dj minus the threshold voltage Vth of the first transistor T 1 is referred to as a voltage Vj-Vth reflecting the threshold voltage Vth.
  • the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 Since the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 is connected to one electrode of the storage capacitor Cst, the voltage Vk-Vth reflecting the threshold voltage Vth is held by the storage capacitor Cst. Since the voltage Vk-Vth reflecting the threshold voltage Vth of the first transistor T 1 is applied to and held at the gate electrode, the driving current I 1 flowing through the first transistor T 1 is not affected by the threshold voltage Vth. As a result, variations in the threshold voltage of the first transistor T 1 can be compensated for, and the luminance can be substantially uniform.
  • the fourth transistor T 4 may include a gate electrode at which the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1) is received, a source electrode at which the initialization voltage VINT is received, and a drain electrode connected to the first node N 1 .
  • the fourth transistor T 4 may perform a switching operation based on the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1) to provide the initialization voltage VINT to the first node N 1 .
  • the first node N 1 is connected to the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 .
  • the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal Si ⁇ 1 is applied earlier than the i th scan signal Si.
  • the fourth transistor T 4 is turned on before the second transistor T 2 is turned on, such that the initialization voltage VINT may be applied to the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 .
  • the voltage level of the initialization voltage VINT is not particularly limited as long as the voltage level of the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 can be lowered sufficiently. That is, the fourth transistor T 4 may be an initializing transistor.
  • the fifth transistor T 5 may include a gate electrode receiving the i th emission control signal EMi, a source electrode receiving the first driving voltage ELVDD, and a drain electrode connected to the third node N 3 .
  • the fifth transistor T 5 may perform a switching operation based on the i th emission control signal EMi to apply the first driving voltage ELVDD to the source electrode of the first switching element T 1 connected to the third node N 3 .
  • the sixth transistor T 6 may include a gate electrode receiving the i th emission control signal EMi, a source electrode connected to the second node N 2 , and a drain electrode connected to the fourth node N 4 .
  • the sixth transistor T 6 may perform a switching operation based on the i th emission control signal EMi to form a current path so that the driving current I 1 flows toward the organic light-emitting diode OLED.
  • the organic light-emitting diode OLED may emit light in response to an emission current I 2 corresponding to the driving current I 1 . That is, the fifth transistor T 5 and the sixth transistor T 6 may be emission-controlling transistors.
  • the seventh transistor T 7 may include a gate electrode receiving the i th scan signal Si, a source electrode receiving the initialization voltage VINT, and a drain electrode connected to the fourth node N 4 .
  • a bypass current I 3 may flow from the fourth node N 4 to the seventh transistor T 7 by the set voltage of the initialization voltage VINT when the seventh transistor T 7 is turned off.
  • the seventh transistor T 7 can allow some of the minimum current of the first transistor T 1 to flow in other current paths than the organic light-emitting diode OLED as the bypass current I 3 .
  • the minimum current of the first transistor T 1 refers to the current when the gate-source voltage Vgs of the first transistor T 1 is lower than the threshold voltage Vth of the first transistor T 1 such that the first transistor T 1 is turned off.
  • the black image is displayed when the minimum driving current under the condition that the first transistor T 1 is turned off is delivered to the organic light-emitting diode OLED.
  • the seventh transistor T 7 may be a bypass transistor. It is to be noted that the seventh transistor T 7 may perform a switching operation based on the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1) instead of the i th scan signal Si, unlike the one shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the eighth transistor T 8 may include a gate electrode receiving the i th sensing signal SEi, a source electrode connected to the first transistor T 1 , and a drain electrode connected to the j th data line DLj.
  • the eighth transistor T 8 may perform a switching operation based on the i th sensing signal SEi to measure the hysteresis characteristics of the first transistor T 1 and may provide them to the sensing unit 132 (see FIG. 1 ) through the j th data line DLj. That is, the eighth transistor T 8 may be a sensing transistor.
  • the signal flow between the data driving circuit 130 and the timing controller 140 described above with reference to FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 3 .
  • the k th pixel unit PXk connected to the data driving circuit 130 through the i th data line DLj will be described as an example.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for illustrating signal flow among the timing controller, the data driving circuit and the pixel unit shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the data driving circuit 130 may include a data driver 131 , a sensing unit 132 , and a switching unit 133 .
  • the data driver 131 may receive the first image data DATA 1 or the second image data DATA 2 from the timing controller 140 .
  • the first image data DATA 1 is defined as grayscale data to be provided to the pixel units PX located in other areas of the display unit 110 than the hysteresis area. That is, the first image data DATA 1 is defined as grayscale data to be provided to the pixel units PX that do not require hysteresis measurement.
  • the second image data DATA 2 is defined as grayscale data to be provided to a pixel unit PX disposed in the hysteresis area (e.g., the k th pixel unit PXk) that requires hysteresis characteristics measurement.
  • the second image data DATA 2 may include grayscale data ODATA, measurement data TDATA, and compensation data CDATA.
  • the grayscale data ODATA is defined as data having grayscale levels to be displayed by the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the measurement data TDATA is defined as data provided to the first transistor T 1 for measuring hysteresis.
  • the compensation data CDATA is defined as data in which the hysteresis characteristic of the first transistor T 1 is compensated for.
  • the timing controller 140 may provide the data driver 131 with the measurement data TDATA for measuring the hysteresis of the hysteresis area using the image signal RGB.
  • the data driver 131 may generate the j th data signal Dj corresponding to the received measurement data TDATA and provide it to the k th pixel unit PXk located in the hysteresis area.
  • the timing controller 140 may provide the data driver 131 with the grayscale data ODATA.
  • the data driver 131 may generate the j th data signal Dj corresponding to the grayscale data ODATA to provide it to the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the grayscale data ODATA has a grayscale level that is intended to be displayed by the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the grayscale data ODATA may be equal to or different from the measurement data TDATA.
  • the k th pixel unit PXk may measure the hysteresis of the k th pixel unit PXk based on the grayscale data ODATA.
  • the sensing unit 132 may include a sensing circuit 132 a , an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 132 b , and a first memory unit 132 c .
  • the sensing circuit 132 a may generate a sensing voltage Vsen using the driving current I 1 flowing through the first transistor T 1 of the k th pixel portion PXk.
  • the sensing circuit 132 a may provide the sensing voltage Vsen to the ADC 132 b.
  • the ADC 132 b may convert the sensing voltage Vsen of an analog signal into sensing data SDATA of a digital signal and then may provide the sensing data SDATA to the first memory unit 132 c and the timing controller 140 .
  • the ADC 132 b may be provided, one for each channel or one for several channels. Alternatively, one ADC 132 b may be shared by all the channels.
  • the first memory unit 132 c may store the sensing data SDATA of a digital signal provided from the ADC 132 b . Unlike the one shown in FIG. 3 , the first memory unit 132 c may receive the sensing voltage Vsen of an analog signal directly from the sensing circuit 132 a . In an embodiment, the first memory unit 132 c may be a lookup table (LUT). In some implementations, the first memory unit 132 c may be eliminated.
  • LUT lookup table
  • data signals based on the first image data DATA 1 may be provided to the other of the pixel units that do not require hysteresis measurement.
  • the timing controller 140 may provide data signals based on the second image data DATA 2 to pixel units that require hysteresis measurement.
  • the switching unit 133 may electrically connect the data driver 131 with the j th data line DLj or the sensing unit 132 with the j th data line DLj by performing switching operations. For example, when the j th data signal Dj is provided to the k th pixel unit PXk, the switching unit 133 may perform a switching operation to electrically connect the data driver 131 with the j th data line DLj. On the other hand, if it is necessary to measure the hysteresis of the hysteresis area, the switching unit 133 may perform a switching operation to electrically connect the sensing unit 132 with the j th data line DLj.
  • the timing controller 140 may receive the sensing data SDATA and generate the compensation data CDATA in which the hysteresis characteristics are compensated for.
  • the compensation data CDATA refers to data in which the hysteresis of the k th pixel unit PXk is compensated for. This will be described below in more detail with reference to FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing in detail the timing controller and the data driving circuit shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a graph for illustrating hysteresis characteristics.
  • the driving current I 1 flowing through the first transistor T 1 may be represented by a first curve 210 .
  • the driving current I 1 may have a first amount of current B. If the j th data signal Dj having the same grayscale level is continuously applied to the first transistor T 1 , hole trapping may occur in the first transistor T 1 . Due to the hole trapping, the driving current I 1 may appear on a second curve 220 .
  • the driving current I 1 may represent a second amount of current A.
  • the first transistor T 1 may have the hysteresis characteristics that the threshold voltage Vth shifts in the negative direction such that the magnitude of the driving current I 1 is reduced.
  • of the first transistor T 1 on the second curve 220 is changed from a larger value to a smaller value. Since the gate voltage having a relatively large absolute value
  • of the first transistor T 1 on the first curve 210 is changed from a smaller value to a larger value. Since the gate voltage having a relatively small absolute value
  • the amount of current flowing through the organic light-emitting diode OLED is different depending on the prevent luminance (the hysteresis characteristics of the first transistor T 1 ).
  • Such difference in the amount of current may be denoted by ⁇ I.
  • Such difference in the amount of current may result in a residual image.
  • a hysteresis area may be determined based on the above definition of hysteresis.
  • the timing controller 140 may determine the hysteresis area based on the image signal RGB received from an external device. In an embodiment, the timing controller 140 may accumulate and store the image signals RGB, and then determine the hysteresis area based on the accumulated image signals RGB.
  • the timing controller 140 may include an image data generating unit 141 , a control signal generating unit 142 , a control unit 143 , and a second memory unit 144 .
  • the image data generating unit 141 may include a hysteresis determiner 141 a and a data compensator 141 b.
  • the hysteresis determiner 141 a may determine the hysteresis area based on the image signal RGB received from an external device. A method of determining the hysteresis area is not particularly limited herein. In an embodiment, the hysteresis determining unit 141 a may accumulate and store the image signals RGB, and then determine the hysteresis area based on the accumulated image signals RGB. To this end, in an embodiment, the hysteresis determining unit 141 a may include a frame buffer.
  • the hysteresis determiner 141 a may determine that an area where the high grayscale level is provided as the hysteresis area.
  • the hysteresis determiner 141 a may determine that an area where the low grayscale level is provided as the hysteresis area.
  • the hysteresis determiner 141 a may provide measurement data TDATA, grayscale data ODATA, and compensation data CDATA to the hysteresis area.
  • the hysteresis determiner 141 a may adjust the i th scan signal Si, the j th data signal Dj, the i th emission signal EMi and the i th sensing signal SEi provided to the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the data compensator 141 b may generate the compensation data CDATA by correcting the image signal RGB based on the sensing data SDATA and compensation information stored in the second memory unit 144 to be described later, to provide it to the data driver 131 .
  • a method for correcting the image signal RGB to generate the compensation data CDATA is not particularly limited as long as the hysteresis characteristic of the first transistor T 1 can be compensated for.
  • the control signal generating unit 142 may generate the first to fourth control signals CONT 1 to CONT 4 based on the control signal CS received from an external device, to provide them to the scan driver 120 , the data driver 130 and the emission driver 150 .
  • the control signal CS may include the horizontal synchronization signal Hsync, the vertical synchronization signal Vsync, the main clock signal, the data enable signal, etc.
  • the control signal generating unit 142 may adjust the i th scan signal Si output from the scan driver 120 with the first control signal CONT 1 .
  • the control signal generating unit 142 may adjust the j th data signal Dj output from the data driver 131 with the second control signal CONT 2 .
  • the control signal generating unit 142 may adjust the i th emission control signal EMi output from the emission driver 150 with the third control signal CONT 3 and may adjust the i th sensing signal SEi output from the sensing signal providing unit 170 with the fourth control signal CONT 4 .
  • the signal flow of the i th scan signal Si, the j th data signal Dj, the i th sensing signal SEi and the emission control signal EMi will be described later with reference to FIG. 7 .
  • the control unit 143 controls the overall operation of the timing controller 140 .
  • the control unit 143 may control operations of the image signal generating unit 141 , the control signal generating unit 142 , and the like by transmitting and receiving control signals.
  • the control unit 143 may be a micro controller unit or main controller unit (MCU).
  • the second memory unit 144 may store data provided from the image signal generating unit 141 or the like, or may provide compensation information to the image signal generating unit 141 .
  • the second memory unit 144 may store device information containing the resolution, the driving frequency and the timing information of the display unit 110 (see FIG. 1 ), compensation information for generating the compensation data CDATA, etc.
  • the second memory unit 144 may include a special function register (SFR) and/or a lookup table (LUT). Unlike the one shown in FIG. 4 , the second memory unit 144 may be located outside the timing controller 140 .
  • the sensing unit 132 will be described focusing on the connection with the j th data line DLj.
  • the data driver 131 may include a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
  • the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) may be electrically connected to the timing controller 140 and a first switch 133 a .
  • the data driver 131 may receive the first image data DATA 1 and the second image data DATA 2 of analog signals from the timing controller 140 and generate the k th data signal Dk of a digital signal.
  • the sensing unit 132 may include a sensing circuit 132 a and an ADC 132 b .
  • the first memory unit 132 c (see FIG. 3 ) will not be described.
  • the sensing circuit 132 a may be connected to the ADC 132 b and the second switch 133 b.
  • the sensing circuit 132 a may include an operational amplifier 132 a 1 , a feedback capacitor 132 a 2 , and a feedback switch 132 a 3 .
  • the operational amplifier 132 a 1 may include a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal.
  • a reference voltage Vset may be applied to the first input terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 .
  • the second input terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 may be connected to one end of the second switch 133 b , one end of the feedback capacitor 132 a 2 , and one end of the feedback switch 132 a 3 .
  • the first input terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 may be a non-inverting input terminal (+), while the second input terminal thereof may be an inverting input terminal ( ⁇ ).
  • One end of the feedback capacitor 132 a 2 may be connected to the second input terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 , and the other end thereof may be connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 .
  • One end of the feedback switch 132 a 2 may be connected to the second input terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 , and the other end thereof may be connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 .
  • the feedback capacitor 132 a 2 and the feedback switch 132 a 3 may be connected with each other in parallel.
  • the switching unit 133 may include a first switch 133 a and a second switch 133 b .
  • the first switch 133 a and the second switch 133 b may perform switching operations based on the second control signal CONT 2 (see FIG. 1 ) provided from the timing controller 140 .
  • the switching unit 133 may further include a switch for electrically connecting the initialization voltage terminal providing the initialization voltage with the j th data line DLj.
  • FIG. 6A is an equivalent circuit diagram of the k th pixel unit when it displays images.
  • FIG. 6B is an equivalent circuit diagram of the k th pixel unit when it measures the hysteresis.
  • the timing controller 140 may provide the data driver 131 with first image data DATA 1 corresponding to an image to be displayed by the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the data driver 131 may convert the received first image data DATA 1 to generate the j th data signal Dj.
  • the j th data signal Dj corresponding to the first image data DATA 1 may be provided to the k th pixel unit PXk connected to the j th data line DLj.
  • the first transistor T 1 of the k th pixel unit PXk may adjust the amount of the driving current Id flowing to the organic light-emitting diode OLED based on the j th data signal Dj provided to the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • a signal path between the sensing portion 132 and the j th data line DLj is connected as the second switch 133 b is turned on.
  • the feedback switch 132 a 3 may be turned on in advance, to form a short-circuit between the output terminal and the second input terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 . Accordingly, the potential at the output terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 can be held at the reference voltage Vset.
  • the operational amplifier 132 a 1 may work as an integrator.
  • the second input terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 may be electrically connected to the first transistor T 1 through the eighth transistor T 8 of the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the feedback capacitor 132 a 3 may be charged with a voltage corresponding to the sensing current Isen flowing through the eighth transistor T 8 of the k th pixel unit PXk. Accordingly, the potential at the output terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 may increase linearly with the voltage corresponding to the sensing current Isen from the reference voltage Vset.
  • the operational amplifier 132 a 1 may provide the increased voltage to the ADC 132 b as the sensing voltage Vsen.
  • the ADC 132 b may provide the timing controller 140 with the sensing data SDATA converted from the sensing voltage Vsen.
  • the timing controller 140 may generate the compensation data CDATA in which the hysteresis has been compensated for based on the sensing data SDATA.
  • the timing controller 140 provides the compensation data CDATA to the data driver 131 so that a data signal based on the compensation data CDATA can be provided to the k th pixel unit PXk included in the hysteresis area.
  • a method for generating the compensation data is not particularly limited as long as the hysteresis characteristic of the first transistor T 1 can be compensated for.
  • the operation of the first pixel unit PX 1 will also be described for comparison with the operation of the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the first pixel unit PX 1 is defined as a pixel unit that is connected to the first data line DL 1 , the first scan line SL 1 and the first emission control line EML 1 and does not measure the hysteresis.
  • the operation of the first pixel unit PX 1 is referred to as the normal mode, while the operation of the k th pixel unit PXk is referred to as the hysteresis measurement mode.
  • FIG. 7 is a timing diagram for illustrating modes of the organic light-emitting display device according to an embodiment.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 are diagrams for illustrating the normal mode of the first pixel unit.
  • FIGS. 11 to 15 are diagrams for illustrating the hysteresis measurement mode of the k th pixel unit.
  • each of a first frame (or first frame period) 1frame and a second frame (or second frame period) 2frame may include an active period and a blank period.
  • the first active period act 1 is defined as a period within the first frame 1frame in which the first image data DATA 1 or the second image data DATA 2 for displaying an image is input.
  • the first blank period blk 1 is defined as a period within the first frame 1frame in which the first image data DATA 1 and the second image data DATA 2 for displaying an image are not inputted.
  • the k th pixel unit PXk may receive the i th scan signal Si having two turn-on levels during the first frame 1frame.
  • the turn-on level refers to a level at which the transistor receiving the i th scan signal Si can be turned on, and may be, for example, a low level.
  • a turn-on level of the i th sensing signal SEi is provided.
  • the period in which the turn-on level of the i th sensing signal SEi is provided is defined as a sensing period.
  • the pixel row which receives the same i th scan signal Si as the i th pixel unit PXk may be provided with the i th scan signal Si having two turn-on levels during the first frame 1frame.
  • a pixel unit that does not require hysteresis measurement may receive a scan signal having one turn-on level during the first frame 1frame.
  • the first pixel unit PX 1 may receive a first scan signal S 1 having one turn-on level during the first frame 1frame.
  • the operation of the k th pixel unit PXk and the first pixel unit PX 1 will be described in more detail.
  • the first pixel unit PX 1 will be described first with reference to FIGS. 8A to 10B .
  • the dummy scanning signal S 0 is switched from the high level to the low level.
  • the first sensing signal SE 1 , the first scan signal S 1 and the first emission control signal EM 1 remain at the high level.
  • the fourth transistor T 4 of the first pixel unit PX 1 When the dummy scan signal S 0 is switched from the high level to the low level, the fourth transistor T 4 of the first pixel unit PX 1 is turned on.
  • the fourth transistor T 4 of the first pixel unit PX 1 may provide the initialization voltage VINT to the first node N 1 .
  • the level of the initialization voltage VINT may be set to be low enough to initialize the first node N 1 . Since the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 of the first pixel unit PX 1 is electrically connected to the first node N 1 , it is set to the initialization voltage VINT.
  • the first scan signal Si is switched from the high level to the low level. Further, the dummy scan signal S 0 is switched from the low level to the high level. The first sensing signal SE 1 and the first emission control signal EM 1 remain at the high level.
  • the second transistor T 2 , the third transistor T 3 and the seventh transistor T 7 of the first pixel unit PX 1 are turned on, and the fourth transistor T 4 is turned off.
  • the third transistor T 3 of the first pixel unit PX 1 is turned on, the first transistor T 1 becomes diode-connected.
  • the first data signal D 1 supplied from the first data line DL 1 through the second transistor T 2 of the first pixel unit PX 1 is supplied to the first node N 1 via the third node N 3 and the third transistor T 3 .
  • the first node N 1 receives a voltage equal to the difference between the voltage corresponding to the first data signal D 1 and the threshold voltage Vth of the first transistor T 1 . Specifically, the first node N 1 of the first pixel unit PX 1 receives a voltage equal to the voltage corresponding to the first data signal D 1 minus the absolute value of the threshold voltage Vth of the first transistor T 1 of the first pixel unit PX 1 .
  • the storage capacitor Cst of the first pixel unit PX 1 stores the charges corresponding to the voltage difference between the difference voltage provided at the first node N 1 and the first driving voltage ELVDD.
  • the seventh transistor T 7 of the first pixel unit PX 1 is turned on, the fourth node N 4 is set to the initialization voltage VINT.
  • the third driving period t 3 is defined as an emission period. Referring to FIG. 9B and FIG. 10B , during the third driving period t 3 , the first sensing signal SE 1 and the dummy scanning signal S 0 remain at the high level. The first scan signal S 1 is switched from the low level to the high level. After the first scan signal S 1 is switched from the low level to the high level, the first emission control signal EM 1 is switched from the high level to the low level.
  • the fifth transistor T 5 and the sixth transistor T 6 are turned on, and the second transistor T 2 , the third transistor T 3 and the seventh transistor T 7 are turned off.
  • a driving current flows through the organic light-emitting diode OLED via the fifth transistor T 5 , the first transistor T 1 and the sixth transistor T 6 from the first driving voltage ELVDD.
  • the emission driver 150 described above with respect to FIG. 1 is formed of, for example, a shift register and the like, the change in the voltage level of the i th emission control signal EMi necessary for measuring the hysteresis of the k th pixel unit PXk may be equally applied to the first pixel unit PX 1 where the hysteresis is not measured. That is, the first emission control signal EM 1 having two turn-on levels during the first frame 1frame may be provided to the first pixel unit PX 1 .
  • the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1) is switched from the high level to the low level.
  • the i th sensing signal SEi, the i th scan signal Si and the i th emission control signal EMi remain at the high level.
  • the fourth transistor T 4 of the k th pixel unit PXk when the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1) is switched from the high level to the low level, the fourth transistor T 4 of the k th pixel unit PXk is turned on.
  • the fourth transistor T 4 of the k th pixel unit PXk may provide the initialization voltage VINT to the first node N 1 .
  • the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 of the k th pixel unit PXk is set to the initialization voltage VINT. That is, the first measurement period P 1 is an initialization period.
  • the i th scan signal Si is switched from the high level to the low level.
  • the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1) is switched from the low level to the high level.
  • the i th sensing signal SEi and the i th emission control signal EMi remain at the high level.
  • the second transistor T 2 , the third transistor T 3 and the seventh transistor T 7 of the k th pixel unit PXk are turned on, and the fourth transistor T 4 is turned off.
  • the third transistor T 3 of the k th pixel unit PXk is turned on, the first transistor T 1 becomes diode-connected.
  • the j th data signal Dj provided from the j th data line DLj is provided at the first node N 1 via the second transistor T 2 , the third node N 3 and the third transistor T 3 of the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the j th data signal Dj is a data signal corresponding to the measurement data TDATA. That is, the source electrode of the first transistor T 1 may receive the j th data signal Dj corresponding to the measurement data TDATA for hysteresis measurement through the j th data line DLj.
  • the first node N 1 receives a voltage equal to the difference between the voltage corresponding to the j th data signal Dj and the threshold voltage Vth of the first transistor T 1 .
  • the first node N 1 of the k th pixel unit PXk receives a voltage equal to the voltage corresponding to the j th data signal Dj minus the absolute value of the threshold voltage Vth of the first transistor T 1 of the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the storage capacitor Cst stores the charges corresponding to the voltage difference between the difference voltage provided at the first node N 1 and the first driving voltage ELVDD. That is, the second measurement period P 2 is a period in which the measurement data TDATA for measuring the hysteresis of the first transistor T 1 of the k th pixel unit PXk is input.
  • the timing controller 140 may control the signal output from the scan driver 120 with the first control signal CONT 1 . More specifically, after outputting the i th scan signal Si at the low level, the output of the (i+1) th scan signal S(i+1) subsequent to the i th scan signal Si can be held at the high level. The (i+1) th scan signal S(i+1) is switched to the turn-on level, i.e., the low level after the fourth period P 4 .
  • the timing controller 140 may control the signal output from the emission driver 150 with the third control signal CONT 3 in an interval between the second measurement period P 2 and the third measurement period P 3 . More specifically, after outputting the i th emission control signal EMi at the high level, the output of the (i+1) th emission control signal subsequent to the i th emission control signal EMi can be held at the low level.
  • the third measurement period P 3 is a period for measuring the hysteresis.
  • the i th scan signal Si is switched from the low level to the high level.
  • the i th emission control signal EMi is switched from the high level to the low level.
  • the i th sensing signal SEi, the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1) and the i th scan signal Si remain at the high level.
  • the second transistor T 2 , the third transistor T 3 and the seventh transistor T 7 of the k th pixel unit PXk are turned off, and the eighth transistor T 8 and the ninth transistor T 9 remain turned off.
  • the fifth transistor T 5 and the sixth transistor T 6 are turned on during the third measurement period P 3 .
  • the second input terminal of the operational amplifier 132 a 1 is electrically connected to the first transistor T 1 through the eighth transistor T 8 of the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the sensing circuit 132 a may provide the voltage corresponding to the sensing current Isen and the sensing voltage Vsen generated using the reference voltage Vset to the ADC 132 b .
  • the ADC 132 b may provide the timing control unit 140 with the sensing data SDATA converted from the sensing voltage Vsen.
  • the eighth transistor T 8 is turned on during the third measurement period P 3 , the result of measuring the hysteresis of the first transistor T 1 of the k th pixel unit PXk may be provided to the timing controller 140 as the sensing data SDATA.
  • the hysteresis of the k th pixel unit PXk determined as the hysteresis area may be measured in real-time-time during the first active period act 1 .
  • the measurement accuracy of the hysteresis of the first transistor T 1 of the k th pixel unit PXk and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be improved.
  • the i th scan signal Si is switched from the high level to the low level.
  • the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1), the i th sensing signal SEi and the i th emission control signal EMi remain at the high level.
  • the second transistor T 2 , the third transistor T 3 and the seventh transistor T 7 of the k th pixel unit PX 1 are turned on, and the fourth transistor T 4 is turned off.
  • the third transistor T 3 of the k th pixel unit PXk is turned on, the first transistor T 1 becomes diode-connected.
  • the j th data signal Dj provided from the i th data line DLj through the second transistor T 2 of the k th pixel unit PXk is provided at the first node N 1 via the third node N 3 and the third transistor T 3 .
  • the j th data signal Dj is a data signal corresponding to the grayscale data ODATA.
  • the source electrode of the first transistor T 1 may receive the j th data signal Dj having the grayscale level at which the k th pixel unit PXk is to emit light during the first frame 1frame through the j th data line DLj. That is, the fourth measurement period P 4 is a period in which the grayscale data ODATA having the grayscale level at which the k th pixel unit PXk is to emit light is input.
  • the i th scan signal Si is switched from the low level to the high level, and the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1) and the i th sensing signal SEi remain at the high level.
  • the i th emission control signal EMi is switched from the high level to the low level.
  • the fifth transistor T 5 and the sixth transistor T 6 are turned on, and the second transistor T 2 , the third transistor T 3 and the seventh transistor T 7 are turned off.
  • the fourth transistor T 4 and the eighth transistor T 8 remain turned off.
  • the fifth transistor T 5 and the sixth transistor T 6 When the fifth transistor T 5 and the sixth transistor T 6 are turned on, a driving current flows through the organic light-emitting diode OLED via the fifth transistor T 5 , the first transistor T 1 and the sixth transistor T 6 from the first driving voltage ELVDD.
  • the k th pixel unit PXk emits light at the grayscale level corresponding to the grayscale data ODATA during the fifth measurement period P 5 . That is, the fifth measurement period P 5 is an emission period.
  • the i th scan signal Si having the low level is provided to the k th pixel unit PXk twice. It is to be noted that the i th scan signal Si having the low level is also provided to the (k+1) th pixel unit (not shown) located in the pixel row next to the k th pixel unit PXk. Accordingly, the (k+1) th pixel unit may receive the i th scan signal Si having two low levels from the i th scan line SLi. This means that the fourth transistor T 4 included in the (k+1) th pixel unit is turned on twice, and thus the (k+1) th pixel unit may perform the initialization of the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 twice.
  • FIGS. 16A to 18B are diagrams for illustrating the operation of the k th pixel unit in the second frame. Elements already described above with reference to FIGS. 8A to 15B may not be described again.
  • the second frame (2frame) is subsequent to the first frame (1frame) as described above. It is assumed that there is no hysteresis measurement during the second frame (2frame), and the compensation operation of the k th pixel unit PXk will be described in more detail.
  • the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1) is switched from the high level to the low level.
  • the i th sensing signal SEi, the i th scan signal Si and the i th emission control signal EMi remain at the high level. Accordingly, referring to FIG. 16A , the gate electrode of the first transistor T 1 of the k th pixel unit PXk is set to the initialization voltage VINT.
  • the i th scan signal Si is switched from the high level to the low level.
  • the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1) is switched from the low level to the high level.
  • the i th sensing signal SEi and the i th emission control signal EMi remain at the high level.
  • the second transistor T 2 , the third transistor T 3 and the seventh transistor T 7 of the k th pixel unit PX 1 are turned on, and the fourth transistor T 4 is turned off.
  • the third transistor T 3 of the k th pixel unit PXk is turned on, the first transistor T 1 becomes diode-connected.
  • the j th data signal Dj provided from the j th data line DLj is provided at the first node N 1 via the second transistor T 2 , the third node N 3 and the third transistor T 3 of the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the j th data signal Dj is a data signal corresponding to the compensation data CDATA. That is, the source electrode of the first transistor T 1 may receive the j th data signal Dj corresponding to the compensation data CDATA in which the hysteresis measured during the first frame 1frame is reflected.
  • the i th scan signal Si is switched from the low level to the high level, and the (i ⁇ 1) th scan signal S(i ⁇ 1) and the i th sensing signal SEi remain at the high level.
  • the i th emission control signal EMi is switched from the high level to the low level.
  • the k th pixel unit PXk emits light at the grayscale level corresponding to the compensation data CDATA during the fifth measurement period P 5 . That is, the k th pixel unit PXk receives the compensation data CDATA in which the hysteresis is compensated for, thereby improving instantaneous residual image due to the hysteresis.
  • first to third compensation periods C 1 to C 3 are illustrated as being included in the second frame 2frame subsequent to the first frame 1frame, this is merely illustrative.
  • first to third compensation periods C 1 to C 3 may be included in the frame next to the second frame 2frame.
  • FIGS. 1 to 15B illustrate that the first pixel unit PX 1 includes the first to eighth transistors T 1 to T 8 , this is merely illustrative. That is, at least some of the third transistor T 3 as the compensating transistor, the fourth transistor T 4 as the initializing transistor, the fifth and sixth transistors T 5 and T 6 as the emission-controlling transistor and the seventh transistor T 7 as the bypass transistor may not be implemented in some embodiments.
  • FIG. 19 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a k th pixel unit according to an embodiment. Elements already described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 18B may not be described again.
  • the eighth transistor T 8 may be connected to a separate j th sensing line CLj instead of the j th data line DLj. That is, the k th pixel unit PXk′ may separate the j th data line DLj to which the j th data signal Dj is provided, and the j th sensing line CLj for measuring the hysteresis of the first transistor T 1 .
  • the j th sensing line CLj may be directly connected to the sensing unit 132 described above with respect to FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram for illustrating a driving operation of an organic light-emitting display device according to an embodiment.
  • both compensation and hysteresis measurement are performed during the second frame 2frame.
  • the hysteresis characteristic may be measured on the other pixel units than the k th pixel unit PXk.
  • the (k+1) th pixel unit PX(k+1) is a pixel unit that is disposed in the next row to the row in which the k th pixel unit PXk is disposed, immediately neighbors the k th pixel unit PXk with no intervening pixel, and receives the same data signal.
  • the k th pixel unit PXk is a pixel unit in which hysteresis is measured during the first frame 1 frame.
  • the (k+1) th pixel unit PX(k+1) is a pixel unit in which hysteresis is measured during the second frame 2frame.
  • the k th pixel unit PXk may receive first measurement data TDATA 1 in a first period M 1 . Based on the first measurement data TDATA 1 , the hysteresis of the k th pixel portion PXk may be measured in a second period M 2 . On the other hand, the k th pixel unit PXk emits light based on the first grayscale data ODATA 1 received in a third period M 3 .
  • the k th pixel unit PXk may receive first compensation data CDATA 1 generated based on the hysteresis measured in the second frame 2frame. Independently of this, the (k+1) th pixel unit PX(k+1) may receive second measurement data TDATA 2 in a fifth period M 5 . Based on the second measurement data TDATA 2 , the hysteresis of the (k+1) th pixel unit PX(k+1) may be measured during a sixth period M 6 . The (k+1) th pixel unit PX(k+1) emits light based on the second grayscale data ODATA 2 received in a seventh period M 7 .
  • the k th pixel unit PXk receives the first compensation data CDATA 1 in which the hysteresis is compensated for, while the hysteresis of the (k+1) th pixel unit PX(k+1) is measured based on the second measurement data TDATA 2 .
  • hysteresis of only one pixel unit is measured during the frame in an example embodiment, this is merely illustrative. That is, hysteresis of two or more pixel units may be measured simultaneously in the frame. The two pixel units may be arranged either in different rows or in the same row. When the hysteresis of two or more pixel units in the frame is measured, the lengths of the active period and the blank period may be adjusted.

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