US1075128A - Dam. - Google Patents

Description

T. H. SKINNBR.

DAM.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 8. 1910.

1,075,128. Patented 0st. 7, 1913.

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T. H. SKINNER.

DAM.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. 8, 1910.

Patented 0015.7, 1913.

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"fPatielitedl-Oct. 7,1913.

Appnation filed Marche, ieio. seriai'nofmacse.

yTofoZZ 'tolwm 2f may concern Beit known that I, THEODORE H. Sirm- Nnn, of "Oneida, in the"coun`ty of MadiSOn, in the State of VNew York, have invented new and useful improvements 'iny rDams, of `which the lfollowing, taken in connection "with theyaccompanyin'g drawings, is a full, clear, andexact description.

' 'render the 's'aine "self-sustaining during :pro-

gressive building without 'the uset vforms 'ortlier falsestrtlctres on'supports and at the 'same time topermit 'the'istres's'es due to' ithewe-ight offtlie structure to be evenly dis- `tributed or balanced durin'gs'uch progressive building, iso"that'whe'n the fstrticture is completed 'this stress* will 'be directed in l'predeter'mined directions and Concentrated or distributed uponpredetermi'ned oints or "areas, as may 'be desired 'to "resist 'andbal-l ance the superposed structure or'loa'd.

-Another obj ect is to dispose cellularmonoliths in such manner as'to V'allow 'an'even distribution Iof "surface 'or ground Water 4ther'ethrou'gh 'for 'the Ypurjyose of relieving the "entire 'structure 'from hydrostatic 'pressures tending to Voverturn or A'reduce the stability of the 'same j Other objects and Auses will 'be'fbrought outin'the followingde'scription. I

ln the 'dravvin-g'stFigure l'is 'an end elevation :of 'afdain Fig. '2 is anenlar'ged Sec` tional view of portions "of two fadjacent tiers orlayers o'fhollo'w fmoiiolithsjshov'vn in F ig. t l. Fig. 3 "is an 'enlarged transverse end view of adjacent fniorfoliths showing particularly the cementitious bond` `between them. Fig. 4l is an enlarged sectional view of adjacent mono'liths iisedfin anlupright position. Fig. 5 is a face viewofa'dam, 'showing the 4tile"a"rran,g"ed with their 'open-l' ings toward the Water.

This-'dam is'composed of'a series of'similarly formed tiles or hollow monoliths -'loi" terra-cotta, cement, 'concrete or like materiarof suitable dimensions,v the normal section of 'each -being 'thatof a system of v"equilateral triangles assembled or grouped :integrally or cementitiouslyto form a regular polygon .preferably hexagonal `so that ywhenassembled the "sides 'of 'the triangles 1`.will itorm'reinforcin'g Webs 2- extending from corner to corner of the hexagon to more effectively resist compression strains. It is to be understood, however, that in some instancesA these reinforcing ribs may be vomitted and that in other instances Where certain `tiles are subjected to excessive strains tlieymay be filled with concrete 'and suitable reinforcements' embedded therein.

Yln-thecon'struction cfa dam these monoliths are'arranged systematically side 'to side and 'held a -slight Vdistance apart'by spacing 'members 3- forming intervening spaces 'at the 'joints 'for 'the 'reception 'of 'a suitable bond '44T- -oit 'cementitious material by which the' u nits 'are bound together to render-thestructiire self Isustaining during pr0- fgressive building. v Y

Vl/Vhe'inus'ed'in the construction tota dam, `in'which it 'is 'desired orv'necessary to form one "or more voids, as-e, the `hollow monoliths vare arranged in 'a :horizontal positionwith theiriupper and lower sides disposed in similar Atransversely inclined planes of, in this instance 30o, from a hori- `zonta'l "so 'that 'eacl1 'unit in the body of vthe structure 'rests upon the adjacent sides of two 'sub-units and 'forms a direct support ior 'two wadjacent superposefd units.

lBy 'employing the form of vtile or hollow monoliths described, 'they 'may be assembled vinsuch"manner :as to form the voids, arches or openings 'of any cross'seotional area 'or 'areas and are rendered selfsustaining vduringprogressive building without the use of "forms or other false supports, and v`'at the sa'nie 'time the superposed load and stresses may vvbe distributed "to predetermined points as maybe determined by the use to which the structure may be adapted. Another imp'ortantzadvantage of this cellular structure is 'that it 'affords interior channels for the free 'entry and'ifp'assage 'therethrough .of 'surface 'and f'grou'nc'l water, 'thereby relieving the entire structure or any part thereof yfrom excessive 'hydrostatic `pressures. This -rprovision for the relief of hydrostatic pressures makes it possible to construct a dam from comparatively light tile or holloW monoliths capable of effectively resisting any loads, strains or stresses to which dams of this character may be subjected and at the same time materially reduce the cost of material, labor and time in the construction of such Work.

1n the construction of dams any one of three conditions may be met. First-Where it is desired to store a small quantity of flowing Water in solid ground or rock in Which the deflection and control of the flow Would not make the construction of the dam diicult. 1n such a'case the cellular units Would be placed With the closed sides normal to the surface of the dam, thereby making the structure Water resistant in one operation. Second-Where the ground is soft or full of Water tending to produce upward hydrostatic pressure upon the completed structure, in which case the cellular tile units Would be placed vertically on end and in vertical alinement thereby providing vertical Ways or channels through which the Water may rise to a level from Which it may be safely Withdrawn to the outside of the structure. Third-Where a large volume of Water or Water flowing at high velocity makes it impossible to deflect or hold back the flow by colder-dams, and it must therefore be allowed to flow during construction. 1n this last case the cellular tile units would be placed upon their sides longitudinally in alinenient and parallel to the flow of the Water, thereby forming channels for such flow and not materially reducing the normal area of the bed of the stream, yet providing a foundation and a method for building the entire superstructure before attempting to stop the flow of Water, asshovvn in Fig. 5.

1n some instances it may be necessary to tie the outer tile in place during progressive building of the dam and this is particularly desirable Where the dam is built up in courses of gradually increasing lengths from a main supporting pier so as to produce a cantaliver support for the superstructure and for these purposes one or more tie pieces -8- are incorporated between and transversely of one or more courses of tile with their ends lapped upon or hooked into the outer faces of the outer tile of the adjacent course, thereby holding the outer tile in place and forming a cantaliver, the bond spanning such course from side to side to more effectually support and distribute the superposed load.

When the cellular units are properly assembled te form the dam and voids or arches therein, the slope or Water side of the dam and top may be covered With a layer or facing -10 of cement or equivalent material which not only affords a Wearing surface to protect the tile units but also affords a reinforcing bond tying the entire upper series of tiles together.

l/Vhat 1 claim is:

l. A dam composed of similar cell units of regular vpolygonal cross-section bound together side to side, one upon another Without eXtra supports'or forms during progressive building.

2. A dam composed of Similar equilateral cell units bound together side to side, one upon anothe 3. A dam having an arch or vault composed of similar, regular, polygonal cell units bound together side by side one upon another Without forms or preconstructed centers.

1l. A dam having an arch composed of regular polygonal cell units of the same size and form, cementitiously joined side to side one upon another in courses, With the cells of each course alined.

5. A dam having piers and arches composed of regular, polygonal cell units, cementitiously joined side to side during progressive building.

6. A dam composed of a multiplicity of cell units of regular polygonal cross-section joined side to side one upon another in courses, the contiguous sides of each unit and its superposed unit being disposed at an angle to a horizontal plane.

7. A dam composed of similar cell units of regular polygonal cross-section joined together side to side one upon another in courses during progressive building, with the cells of each course alined and open from end to end, each unit having partitions divided in its interior into a plurality of cells.

8. A vaulted dam composed of similar units of regular polygonal cross-section cementitiously secured, side to side, one upon the other to form a vault, Without forms or preconstructed centers.

9. A dam having an arch composed of cell units of regular polygonal cross-section arranged side to side one upon another, so that one of the upper sides of each unit which forms the arch Will be substantially normal to the spring line of such Wall. y

l0. A dam composed of cellular units cementitiously secured side to side, one upon another to form an inclined Water front, and a concrete facing covering said front.

1n Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand on this 17 th day of February, 1910.

THEODORE H. SKINNER.

Witnesses:

H. E. CHASE, HOWARD P. DENIsoN.

Gop'ies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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