WO2023144581A2

WO2023144581A2 - Manufacturing polymer base parts or plates that are prefabricated, reinforced, geogrid prestressed with different grades (such as polyethylene, plastic, etc.)

Info

Publication number: WO2023144581A2
Application number: PCT/IB2022/050709
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ahmad RAMEZANI
Original assignee: Ramezani Ahmad
Priority date: 2022-01-27
Filing date: 2022-01-27
Publication date: 2023-08-03

Description

Manufacturing polymer base parts or plates that are prefabricated, reinforced, geogrid prestressed with different grades (such as polyethylene, plastic, etc.)

Manufacturing polymer base parts or plates (with prestressing potential) that are prefabricated, reinforced, and prestressed with different grades (such as polyethylene) as parts, plates, or spaces created with parts and plates (One-layer or multi-layer in miniature or giant dimensions’ event floating on fluids) which by the method of prestressing (pre-tensioning or post-tensioning) improve the physical characteristics of product datasheets. Improvement of the physical properties of polymer-based products by prestressing them (pre-tensioning, post-tensioning, or both) and arming them with all kinds of metal, non-metallic, plain, ribbed, or composite tensile members (wires, reinforcements, springs, clamps) can be implemented in the following ways:

When the parts, plates, and spaces are above ground level.
When the parts, plates, and spaces are below ground level.
I When the parts, plates, and spaces in sections A and B are under fluid stress from within.

Retaining or protecting walls (piers or quay walls) (E02D 29/02)- based on polymers or oligomers (B29C 33/62)

Using the frictional resistance of embankment layers to increase the lateral strength of the burial space wall, which is part of my previous inventions and no similarities can be found inside or outside. Except for using a technique of applying the frictional force of rockfill layers around the outer perimeter of the plates or boxes made by the above method to increase the lateral strength of the plates using geogrid strips when the parts and plates are used for burial.

High-strength 6000-based alloy thick plate having uniform strength in plate thickness direction and method for manufacturing the same

United States Patent 10544494

The present invention relates to a high-strength aluminum alloy thick plate composed of an aluminum alloy including a prescribed quantity of Si, Mg, Ti, Fe, and the balance Al. The thick plate has a material structure in which an area ratio of Mg2Si having circle equivalent diameters of 3 μm or more in a plate thickness central portion is 0.45% or less; and an area ratio of Mg2Si having circle equivalent diameters of 3 μm or more in a region of 20 mm±1.5 mm from a plate surface in a plate thickness direction is 1.2 times or more and 3.0 times or less the area ratio of Mg2Si having circle equivalent diameters of 3 μm or more in the plate thickness central portion. The aluminum alloy thick plate has sufficient strength and good uniformity of strength in the plate thickness direction, and can be manufactured by cooling it after solution treatment, so that suitable temperature difference occurs between a plate thickness central portion and a surface, and then performing a quenching treatment.

Methods for measuring and modeling the process of prestressing concrete during tensioning/detensioning based on electronic distance measurements

US10203268B2

Methods are disclosed for nondestructive testing and measuring the structural health of prestressed concrete structures, such as slabs, columns, girders, bridges, towers, elevated storage tanks, silos, cooling towers, wind power generation towers, liquefied gas storage tanks, nuclear power containment buildings, and the like. Measurements are made as the structure undergoes tensioning and detensioning operations.

By measuring actual movements of cardinal points on the structure, in an absolute three-dimensional coordinate system, and comparing the measurements to a model—as tension on a tendon is changed—a margin of safety is assured. High-accuracy measurements are made by electronic distance measurement (EDM) instruments over hundreds of meters, which yield coordinates of cardinal points with an uncertainty of the order of one part per million. The methods are proposed as possible alternatives to prior failures of post-tensioned concrete, including the Las Lomas Bridge, the Kapiolani Interchange On-Ramp, Turkey Point Unit 3 Nuclear Power plant, and Crystal River Unit 3 Nuclear Power plant. An extensive review of the most closely related prior arts is included.

System for modular building construction

US9115504B2

Construction systems for erecting building structures comprise a plurality of prefabricated interconnect able modular building units, each unit comprising framing members and a plurality of nodes, each node situated for selective interconnection with other units, the nodes and the exterior dimensions of the frame conforming to ISO shipping standards such that each unit is transportable using the ISO intermodal transportation system, and such that when the units are interconnected, a building structure is formed. The modular units are assembled at a remote location and are there constructed to a semi-finished state, following which the semi-finished modular units are transported from the remote location to the job site, where they are secured to form the structure being erected, and the semi-finished modular units are thereafter constructed to a finished state.

The inventions mentioned above are completely different from the manufacturing process and the design of the design, and the products of the design will be a good alternative and very high quality instead of the current products of polymer-based materials with new applications in all different industries.

The polymer industry is one of the industries that have received great attention in the new century. There are many plastic and polymer substances with different grades in different industries surrounding us which indicates the significance of these products. My proposed method is to pre-stress the products (as pre-tensioning or post-tensioning during production and assembly) in the parts by arming them with various metal, non-metallic, plain, ribbed, or composite tensile members (wires, reinforcements, springs, clamps) that can be implemented in several ways according to the design.

This has given new life to the products and has created the capacity and efficiency as well as the range of new applications in all industries in miniature and giant dimensions (in burial, non-burial, and even floating on the fluids). The reason for this increase in quality and efficiency is the pre-stressing parts or plates, and it has many effects on the output data of datasheets, both in domestic products and in foreign products. These effects are summarized as follows: tensile and flexural strength improvement, impact strength improvement, thermal resistance improvement, toughness improvement, stiffness improvement in Rockwell, Shore tests, enhancement of the point of symmetry in the stress and strain diagram

The polymer industry is one of the industries that have received great attention. Many plastic and polymer substances are surrounding us that indicate the significance of these products. Additionally, Iran is one of the countries whose economy depends thoroughly on oil due to its geographical location surrounded by rich sources of oil and gas. The petrochemical industry is highly prosperous in Iran and numerous factories undertake the production of plastic products and petrochemical raw materials. There exist various practices to produce these polymer parts which are selected depending on the application and the type of product.

Due to the relatively low strength of some resistance specifications of polymer-based products (such as tensile, flexural, impact, toughness, hardness, etc.) compared to other materials, this causes limitations in the optimal and practical use of some industries. However, with the proposed method, a new range of applications can be created in all industries. The proposed method, which improves the analysis of product data sheets with the prestressing method, which is as follows, which will create new applications in all industries and miniature and giant dimensions (whether buried, non-buried, and floating on fluids) for products:
Improved tensile and flexural strength
Improved impact resistance
Improve thermal resistance
Improves toughness
Improved stiffness in Rockwell, Shore tests
Raise the point of symmetry in the stress and strain diagram.

Solution of problem

My solution is using the method of pre-stressing (pre-tensioning or post-tensioning) to improve the following characteristics (in case it has the potential of pre-tensioning in the above-mentioned parts and plates:

Improvement of tensile and flexural strength
Improvement of impact resistance
Improvement of thermal resistance
Improvement of toughness
Improvement of stiffness in Rockwell and Shore tests
Increasing the point of symmetry in the stress and strain diagram

To improve mentioned features in parts and plates and prestress them (pre-tensioning, post-tensioning, or both) by equipping them with various tensile (like wires, armatures, springs, tensioners), metal, non-metal, simple ribbed or composite members, would be according to the design, which can be performed in the following ways:

A.1. In cases in which volumes and spaces are made homogeneously inside the molds, the reinforcement method of the parts would be as follows:

Insert the pre-tensioning members according to the design placed inside the molds.
Insert a metal or non-metal ribbed sleeves into the molds as well as insert tensile members without pre-tensioning into the molds.
Injection or insert of polymer base materials according to the design inside the molds.
Grasping and processing the materials poured into molds and later opening the mold and releasing the tensile members through the joint to the molds.
If further prestressing or geometric shaping according to the desired form is required, tensile members should be stretched inside the sleeves (post-tensioning) and then filler materials like grout, polymer-based, or composite hardening material should be injected into the sleeves, and after the final set of the injection material, we attempt to release the post-tensioned members. (Sheath or sleeve to pass the tensioned members in the post-tensioning state of metal, non-metal or ribbed composite that is resistant to heat inside the molds and be elastic)

A.2. In cases in which the volumes and spaces are placed as separate and independent plates inside the molds, the reinforcement method would be as follows:

To connect separate parts with design angles, use 6 different connections, especially on the outer edges (hooks and pegs, female hook, bolts, articulated joints, clamps, sliding, closing the gabion nets of two adjacent pieces, etc.) metal, non-metal and composite will be made according to the design and the joints will be covered with polymer-based materials if needed.

Also, post-tensioning members are not placed in the sleeves in the mold, rather after making the prestressed piece, the tensile members should be injected into the sleeves for further prestressing or special geometric shape forming (according to the map) and then start injecting and processing materials. After the final set, the post-tensioning members are released from their joint to the parts

B. In case the created parts; plates and spaces are located below the ground; the reinforcement method would be as follows:

In this case, to use the frictional force of the embankment weight behind the plates (lime shaft; Sevil Cement; Rockfill), Geogrid strips are used with grids embedded in the body of the plates would be used for more durability.

Such as all tanks or spaces that are buried under soil

C. In case the volumes and spaces in sections A and B are under fluid stress from inside, the reinforcement method would be as follows:

Such as storage tanks; basins; pools; fluid transfer tubes

In this case, by observing sections A and B, according to the design more transverse or longitudinal prestressing (or both cases) is required in two stages (pre-tensioning and post-tensioning).

Examples of uses after reinforcement in sections A, B, and C are as follows:

Examples of Section A:

Creating polygonal spaces with different plates and connections
Creating empty volumes in the form of galleries with circular sections, galleries with square, rectangular and polygonal sections with connections according to the design.
Production of various types of installation pipes with different dimensions for the transfer of different fluids and gases
Production of coating of shell and membrane structures
Production of interior parts and exterior cover of all heavy and light vehicles
Production of internal parts and external cover of all heavy and light vessels
In the production of internal parts and external cover of all aircraft and spacecraft
Production of various containers and shrouds
Production of various types of residential and industrial roof coverings
Production of tunnel segments
Production of compression, tensile and torsional parts of all types of stairs
Production of storage tanks, for example, cylindrical, spherical, pyramidal, etc.
Production of furniture and interior and urban decoration
Production of road substrate consolidation layers such as geogrids, geocells, geomembranes, etc.

Examples of Section B:

All the spaces that are used in the basement and around them, rocking, embankment, cementing, and lime shafting takes place.

Examples of Section C:

Such as pipes for transferring different fluids, canals for direct water, dams, rivers, as well as various types of water and fluid storage tanks, ponds, various types of industrial and non-industrial pools, etc.

Advantage effects of invention

Flexibility by changing the prestressing forces (pre-tension or post-tension), parts or plates can be made rigid, semi-rigid, or flexible without the slightest change in the final resistances.

The ability to be flexible and increase the mechanical and turning properties (pre-tensioning or post-tensioning) will be very useful in medical science and medical engineering, for example, making artificial body parts, medical muscles, etc.

Flexibility by changing the prestressing forces in the coating on a variety of structures to minimize the cost of formwork and deformation, and finally the cost of transport and loading and installation.

Preservation of prestressing capability in each component when it is produced in general and cut into smaller parts for consumption under the guillotine or cutting machine: For example, the production of various types of profiles for workspace members or various types of bracing parts and artificial stones and false ceiling parts, various types of grfc panels, various types of tiles from any type of artificial or natural materials.

Maintaining the ability to prestress if we want to create different openings and sweat on the surface of the part, according to the design, more prestressing elements have been seen in the sides of the sure openings, for example, a suitable alternative for mosaic work or creating different openings in different types of gfrc panels or types of false ceilings, types of tiles.

Due to the prestressing capacity of the plates, all different facades can be installed in the form of sheets or shells or advertisements on the whole surface of structures and towers, and they can be installed from all artificial or natural mineral materials.

Due to the pre-tensioning capacity of the plates, they can drill holes for drainage or the passage and control of light and air indoors.

Due to the lightness and prestressing, they can create movable roofs at a much lower cost.

Due to their lightness, prestressing and low density, they can float with water.

Due to the lightness and prestressing of the above parts, the installation cost with the least scaffolding equipment and heavy machinery has been greatly reduced.

In the case of the production of prestressed gabion baskets, instead of porcelain stone, cement and local soil should be used as cement or only soil with high paste property submerged in the basket.

Reduce environmental degradation on Earth to produce sand, cement, wood, and ...

Reduction of injuries and human and financial losses for creating spaces and volumes with more security due to higher flexibility with more added resistance will be achieved

Creating a secure pre-tensioned integrated room inside buildings, towers, trains in earthquake-prone areas.

Reduction of personal and financial injuries in case of using the above products in internal or external parts of buildings, towers, theaters, stadiums, etc. in earthquakes or natural disasters

Reduction of personal and financial injuries in case of using the above products in the hull and internal parts of all vehicles of light and heavy vehicles, trains, planes, ships, and spacecraft in case of collisions with obstacles.

Reducing the cost of related projects due to reducing the cost of materials, reducing the cost of specialty wages, reducing completion time, and other cases.

Reduced maintenance costs due to increased product life due to minimal damage to environmental conditions, especially areas with high humidity and corrosion.

Recyclability of most products obtained from the above products.

Ability to launch and temporarily execute products and reuse them multiple times.

By reducing cracks due to prestressing, it makes it more durable against gaseous and corrosive environments, especially in water and salt environments of coastal areas.

The suitable alternative in terms of structural strength, construction costs, installation costs, maintenance costs, relocation costs in multifaceted structures, space, shell, membrane.

Due to the properties of prestressed members that can be adjusted by forwarding or backward methods, various types of valves that can withstand traffic load can be made.

Due to the prestressing property, it will be a suitable alternative to various industries of wood, composite, synthetic, chipboard, and fiber in various domestic and foreign industries.

: Roof design

: Cut 3-3

: First-floor design

: How to connect p1 and p2 pre-tensioned panels of polymer base and connect them with adjacent pre-tensioned polymer beams.

: How to reinforce the polymer base plates with prestressing reinforcement members (pre-tension or post-tension) with sheathing to allow the retracted members to pass and pass potential installations.

: Sample of ribbed pod buried in pre-stressed parts of polymer base to apply tensile stress.

: An example of how truss connections are made and how to pre-stress beams and diagonal members according to the design and an example of prestressed members where two tensile members are placed in metal with a common center and different parts in the piece.

: An example of pre-stress and post-stress stress modes in high-stress areas according to the design.

: An example of a prestressed member is similar to a metal profile made of a polymer-based and prestressed material.

: An example of a type of prestressed water and sewer pipe whose wall is reinforced by ribbed and spiral members with pre-tension and post-tension.

: 1. Arched trusses and polymer base beds on the roof and under the roof of the floors, all members of which are prestressed members and explain that in a truss or compression parts of trusses, different sections are used according to the design and sometimes to strengthen more than a few tensile or ribbed members with long tread or simple or spiral springs with the same center with different diameters in different directions in stressful areas will be used according to the design.

2. Prestressed arched beams according to the design.

3. Transparent polymer base roof that can be prestressed for reinforcement.

4. Cover parts between arched beams, which can be single-layer or multi-layer, and all are pre-tensioned from polymer base (meaning p1 p2 p3 p4 and p5)

5. All openings are coils and clear glass made of a pre-tensioned polymer base.

6. Geogrid strips embedded in the soil are made of polymer base which can be used for more stability of plates and parts buried in the soil.

7. Filler on geogrids and around buried parts made of a combination of cement soil, cement, lime shaft, and rock-elephant. It can be.

8. The whole interior and exterior stairs can be made of prestressed polymer base material.

2. Prestressed arched beams according to the design.

3. Transparent polymer base roof that can be prestressed for reinforcement.

5. All openings are coils and clear glass made of a pre-tensioned polymer base.

9. Types of water and sewage pipes in a pre-tensioned manner and explaining that for reinforcement, both ribbed or spiral pre-tensioned members can be used both in the pipe circumference and in the transverse range in the pipe thickness according to the design.

10. Types of prestressed polymer floor ceramics, explain that they can be produced on a large scale at the construction site and cut and used in proportion to the location and order because each part of the whole prestressed piece has the same general properties.

11. Types of false ceilings, all of which can be pre-tensioned, hollow, and patterned. Explain that they can be produced on a large scale at the place of manufacture and their dimensions can be cut and used with the place and order because each part of the whole prestressed part has the same general properties.

12. Types of pre-tensioned polymer-based floors. Explain that they can be produced on a large scale at the construction site and cut and used in proportion to the location and order of their dimensions because each part of the entire prestressed part has the same general properties.

13. All internal and external stair members can be made of prestressed polymer base material.

14. All kinds of room and service doors and exterior doors are all made of prestressed polymer base.

15. All domestic and urban furniture is made of a pre-tensioned polymer base.

: 12. Types of pre-tensioned polymer-based floors. Explain that they can be produced on a large scale at the construction site and cut and used in proportion to the location and order of their dimensions because each part of the entire prestressed part has the same general properties.

15. All domestic and urban furniture is made of a pre-tensioned polymer base.

16. Jacuzzi sauna, pools and bathtubs are all made of prestressed polymer base.

17-18-19. All kitchen appliances, equipment, and sanitary ware are made of prestressed polymer bases.

20. Types of intermediate false walls made of pre-tensioned polymer base.

21. All tensile members, holders of the first and second-floor roofs in the form of pendants from truss on the prestressed roof, and explain that in tensile or compressive parts of different sections are used according to the design, and sometimes to further strengthen in stress points, several spiral tens members with the same center with different diameters in different directions will be used.

22. All domestic and urban furniture is made of a pre-tensioned polymer base.

: 2. Prestressed arched beams according to the design.

23. Gabions buried in pieces can be placed from polymer base sheets that are buried in underground burials and plates and pieces. To use the friction of the adjacent soil by connecting with geogrid strips, which are all made of prestressed polymer base to strengthen the static plates and parts.

24-25. Adjacent joints can all be made of prestressed polymer bases with different types of joints that are placed in prestressed parts according to the angle of connection according to the design.

: 26-27. How to reinforce prestressed polymer base plates with pre-tensioned or retracted reinforcing tensile joints with installation sheaths.

: 29. Sample of the ribbed sheath with the height of a simple long tread or a spiral buried in the parts to pass the retracting member or facilities according to the design.

: 28. Types of water and sewage pipes in the wall of which the tensile members of the prestressed reinforcement (pre-tensioned or retracted) are reinforced in a linear or helical manner according to the stress diagrams in the above member.

Examples

According to the above products, which will eliminate the use or minimize the use of many minerals (such as sand, sand, cement, wood, etc.) for the production of concrete and steel in all concrete and metal projects and due to the lower density of spaces obtained from the above products compared to water, construction with the above products can be done on the surface of water and beaches without destroying forests and green spaces to create land.

Examples of Section A:

Creating polygonal spaces with different plates and connections with different angles in all industries according to the design.
Create empty volumes in the form of galleries with circular, square, rectangular, and polygonal sections with connections according to the design.
Production of various installation pipes with different dimensions to transfer different fluids and gases according to the design.
Production of coatings for workspace structures, shells, and membranes
Production of interior parts and exterior cover of all heavy and light vehicles according to the design.
Production of internal parts and external cover of all heavy and light vessels according to the design.
In the production of internal parts and external cover of all aircraft and spacecraft according to the design.
Production of containers and congresses.
Production of various types of residential and industrial roof coverings according to the design.
Production of parts of tunnel segments according to the design.
Production of various compression, tensile and torsional parts of various types of stairs according to the design.
Production of various truss parts and working space according to the design.
Production of storage tanks, for example, cylindrical, spherical, pyramidal, etc. according to the design.
Production of furniture and interior and urban decoration according to the design.
Production of various layers of road substrate consolidation, such as geo-grades, geocells, geomembranes, etc. according to the design.
Production of robot parts. According to the design.
Production of human and animal artificial limbs according to the design.

Examples of Section B:

All the spaces that are used underground and around them, rocking, embankment, soil and cement, cement mortar, and lime shaft occur. Such as India, manholes, manholes, burial reservoirs, pit valves, water and sewage pits, installation canals, etc.

Examples of Section C:

Claims

Manufacturing polymer base parts or plates (with prestressing potential) that are prefabricated, reinforced, and prestressed with different grades (such as polyethylene, plastic, etc.) as parts, plates, or spaces created with parts and plates ( One-layer or multi-layer in miniature or giant dimensions event floating on fluids) which by the method of prestressing (pre-tensioning or post-tensioning) improve the physical characteristics of product data sheets (improving tensile, flexural, impact, toughness strength and enhancement of the point of symmetry in the stress and strain diagram)
Based on Claim 1, improvement of the physical properties of polymer-based products by prestressing them (pre-tensioning, post-tensioning, or both) and arming them with all kinds of metal, non-metallic, plain, ribbed, or composite tensile members (wires, reinforcements, springs, clamps) can be implemented in the following ways:
When the parts, plates, and spaces are above ground level.

When the parts, plates, and spaces are below ground level.

I When the parts, plates, and spaces in sections A and B are under fluid stress from within.
Based on claim 2, there are two methods in which the parts, plates, and made spaces be above the ground. 1. The state in which volumes and spaces are built seamlessly into molds. 2. The state in which volumes and spaces are created as separate and independent plates inside the molds.
Based on claim 3 when volumes and spaces are made seamlessly inside the mold, the reinforcement method is such that the tensile members are pre-tensioned into the molds according to the design, then metal or non-metallic ribbed sleeves are placed inside the molds and tensile members are placed inside the sleeves without pre-tensioning then the polymer base material is injected into the molds and after processing the materials, the molds are opened and the tensile members are released from the joints to the molds.
based on claim 4, if more pre-stressing or geometric shaping is required, the tensile members inside the sleeves should be tensioned (pre-tensioning) and then we should start the injection of fillers such as grout, polymeric base hardeners, or composite hardeners into the sleeves. After the final set of the injected material, we must release the withdrawn members. (Sleeves or sleeves are used to pass the tensioned members in the post-tensioned state of metal, non-metallic or ribbed composite that are resistant to heat inside the molds and have elasticity, or sometimes the sleeves are also the passage points of the facility.).
Based on claim 3, in the case where volumes and spaces are placed as separate and independent plates inside the molds, the reinforcement method would be to connect metal, non-metal and composite parts according to the design and separately with the design angles, various joints are used, especially on the outer edges. (Hooks and pegs, female hook, bolts, joints, clamps, sliding, closing the gabion nets of two adjacent pieces, etc.) The joints will also be covered with polymer base materials if needed. The post-tensioned tensile members in the sleeves are not placed in the mold (according to the design) and after making the prestressed part, they are rejected for further prestressing or special shaping of the geometric shape. Then we start injecting the materials and processing them. After the final set, the post-tensioned members are released from their joints.
Based on claim 2, when parts; plates, and spaces are made below ground level, the reinforcement method would be like that: to use the friction force of the embankment weight behind the plates (lime shaft; cement; cement soil, rockfill) for greater strength of prestressed buried plates or parts, geogrid strips engaged with grids embedded in the body of the plates are used.
Based on claim 2, when the volumes and spaces in sections A and B are under fluid stress from inside, the reinforcement method is as follows: by observing sections A and B than the areas under more longitudinal and transverse prestressing (or both) in two stages (pre-tensioning and post-tensioning) is required.
In general, to produce geometric shapes with different angles in quadrilateral molds with fixed angles we need to work according to the following two ways:
In general, the pre-tensioning members are located along the junction of adjacent faces. Only in the corners, the least tensile force should be used so that, if necessary, after the final set of the piece, it can be exposed by melting the polymer base material in the corners without damaging the low-stretched members. Then we place the two pieces at the desired angles and distances and according to the design, after assembling it, we cover it with polymer base materials and place it under prestressing.

Tensile members of each face of each piece can be prestressed independently and different connecting parts can be placed in the joints of adjacent parts and post-tensioning sleeves in each separate mold. After the material enters the molds and the final setting is done, the joints buried in the corners can be used to connect the adjacent parts after being placed at the desired angle and location. It is also possible to use post-tensioned parts to further shape or prestress the entire obtained structure and then cover the above area with a variety of coating materials.