US1072223A - Chamber-oven. - Google Patents

Description

A. GOHMANN.

CHAMBER OVEN.

ArPLIoATIoN FILED MNA, 1912.

1,072,228, Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR GOHMANN, OF STETTIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO STETTINER CHAMOTTE- FABRIK ACTIEN-GESELLSCHAFT VORM. DIDIER, OF STETTIN, GERMANY, A COR- PORATION 0F GERMANY.

CHAMBER-OVEN.

Application filed January 4, 1912.

To all 'u1/Lomi# may concern- Be it known that I, AII'rnUR GOHMANN, a subject of the German Emperor, and resident of Stettin, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chamber-Ovens, of which the following is a specification.

In the operation of chamber ovens such as are used fo-r the production of gas and coke, it is advantageous to preheat the air intended to support the combustion of the heating gas, by means of regenerators through which the off gases and the air are caused to {iow alternately. As a rule, it has been preferred hitherto to employ as heating gas, a portion of the gas generated in the oven itself. In some cases, however, for instance if the coke oven or chamber oven is in the neighborhood of a blast-furnace plant or of a producer-gas plant, it is frequently advisable to use the entire quantity of gas produced, for illuminating or power purposes, and to render available for the heating of the oven, the cheaper ofi' gas of the blast furnaces or a producer gas obtained from fuel of inferior quality. Since such gases are poor in hydrocarbons, it is necessary, before their admission to the heating Walls of the oven chalnbers, to preheat such gases to a predetermined temerature, depending on their constitution m each individual case, in order to make them fit for use as heating gases.

In a chamber oven embodying my present invention, the so-called poor gas (that is to say, a gas poor in hydrocarbons) used for heating 1s preheated with the aid of recuperators in which a heat exchange takes place between the heating gas and the olf gases. My invention comprises a. novel arrangement of the regenerators serving to preheat the air for supporting combustion, relatively to the recuperators employed to preheat the heating gas, the arrangement being such that the respective portions of olf gases iowing through these preheating devices can be adjusted or regulated without the use of any additional channels, simply by means of controllers or throttles in the olf-gas tlues; thus by adjusting the controllers according to the constitution of the poor gas, the heat contained in the off gases Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 2, 1913.

serial No. 669,489.

may be utilized as fully as possible. This is obtained by placing the off-gas conduits of the recuperators in communication with thc ducts serving to convey the off gases to the regcnerators. lilith this manner of connection of the preheating devices serving to utilize the heat of the off gases, it is suflicient to adjust the controllers or throttles located in the off-gas conduits of the preheating devices, when the constitution of the poor gas varies, in order to insure a proper preheating of the poor gas. That portion of the heat contained in the oif gases which, in each individual case, is not required for heating the poor gas in the recuperators, is always utilized in the regenerators to preheat the air for supporting combustion.

If the invention is applied to a chamber oven having regenerators connected at one end of the oven with sole channels for the air to support combustioin-and for the off gases respectively, a very compact construction of the oven is obtained by arranging the recuperators at the other end of the oven and connecting each of the off-gas conduits of the recuperators by transverse channels with the ends of two adjacent oifgas sole channels. In this case I prefer to employ separate sole channels for conveying the heating gas from the recuperators to the heating walls of the oven chambers, such channels being located below the olfgas sole channels, between the sole channels serving to convey the air to support colnbustion. I thus avoid efficiently any cooling of the heating gas on its way from the recuperators to the heating walls of the oven chambers.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown, as an example, the application of my invention to a longitudinal coke oven operated with the combustion gases flowing in the heating flues continuously in the same direction, that is to say, without periodical reversal.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section taken through the center of a coking chamber, as indicated by the line 1 1 in Fig. 6; Fig. 2 is, at the right-hand end, a vertical section on line 2 2 of Fig. 7, and at the left-hand end, a vertical section on line 21-2aL of Fig. 7; Figs. 3 and 4 are vertical sections on lines 3 3 and 4 4 respectively of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a vertical section on line 5 5 of Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is a vertical section on line 6-6 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 7 is a vertical section on line 7 7 of Fig. 2.

The coke oven is provided with chambers 1 located side by side, the partitions between said walls containing heating lues subdivided by baiiies 2 into ascending portions 3 and descending portions 4 (Fig. 2). Into the ascending flue portions 3 heating gas is discharged by vertical branch ducts 5, and air to support combustion by ducts 6 (Figs. 4 and 5). The descending flue portions 4 are connected with branch ducts 7 serving as outlets for the oil gases (Fig. 3).

At one end of the oven I arrange regenerators 8, 9 serving to preheat the air employed to support combustion. rIlhese regenerators can be connected at one end either with the atmosphere or with a chimney, at the operators choice (say by means of the well-known reversing valve), and at the other end the regenerators, by the manipulation of a slide valve or damper, can be placed in communication with auxiliary chambers 10 and 11 respectively. By means of channels 12, whose effective cross section can be regulated by a damper 13, chamber 10 is connected with so-le channels 14 eX- tending longitudinally of, and directly beneath, the corresponding` oven chambers 1. The oit gases from the outlet ducts 7 enter the channels 14 (Figs. 1 and 3) and pass out through them continuously. The other chamber 11 is connected by channels 15 with sole channels 16 located longitudinally beneath the sole channels 14 of alternate oven chambers 1. The air employed to support combustion flows continuously through the channels 16. Each channel 16 is connected with the ducts 6 belonging to the adjacent heating walls of two neighboring oven chambers (Figs. 1 and 4). At the other end of the oven I arrange recuperators in which the heating gas is preheated by the off gases. In the particular construction shown, each recuperator consists of three Zig-zag channels 17, 18, 19 separated by partitions. The lower ends of the two outer channels 17 and 19 are connected by a channel 20, whose eifective cross section can be altered by means of a damper 21, with the smoke flue 22; the upper ends of the channels 17 and 19A communicate with a common channel 23 (Figs. 1 and 6) connected by lateral ducts 24 with the ends of two adjoining sole channels 14. The central Zig-zag channel 18 of the recuperator is connected at its lower end by a channel 25 with the gas-supply conduit, for instance a conduit 26 for conveying blast-furnace gas. The upper end of the channel 18 communicates with a sole channel 27 arranged between two sole channels 16 beneath a channel 14, so that the channels 16 and 27 are arranged alternately. The sole channels 27 extend to the other end of the oven and communicate with the gas supply ducts 5 of two adjoining heating walls (Figs. 2 and 5).

In the channel 15 serving to convey the preheated air, and in the channel 25 for the supply of the heating gas, I may of course arrange cut-oit valves or controllers such as 2S and 29 respectively.

The air to support combustion enters in a preheated condition, say from the regenerators 9 into the sole channels 16, at the left-hand end of the oven, and then passes through the branch ducts 6 into the ascending portions 8 of the heating lines. The heating' gas (for instance blast-furnace gas) passes from the conduits 26 to the channels 25 and the channels 18 of the recuperators, and being thus preheated it enters the righthand ends of the sole channels 27 and by means of the branch ducts 5 reaches the ascending portions 3 of the heating fines. The combustion gases travel upward in the Hue port-ions 3, and then downward in the flue portions 4; the oif gases pass into the sole channels 14 through the ducts 7, and travel in these channels partly toward the left-hand end of the oven and partly toward the right-hand end. The portion of off gases traveling to the left passes through the channels 12 and chambers 10 into regenerators 8 and to the chimney; the remaining portion of the off gases, traveling to the right, passes through channels 23 to the outer channels 17 and 19 of the recuperator and to the smoke flue 22. Thus one portion of the off gases will transfer its heat to the regenerators 8, while the other portion, traveling in the Opposite direction to the blast-furnace gases, will transfer its heat to the blast-furnace gases in the recuperators.

The relative proportion of the oit-gas portions passing through the regenerators 8 and through the recuperator channels 17, 19 respectively, depends chiefly on the effective cross section of the oE-gas channels, that is to say, on the position of the dampers 13 and 21. If for instance the hydrocarbon contents of the heating gas conveyed through the conduits 26 should decrease, as when a poorer producer gas is to be employed, the dampers 21 will simply be opened more fully. The recuperators will then receive a greater quantity of off gases, and the producer gas will thus be preheated more strongly while passing through the recup erator channels 18. If then for any reason the hydrocarbon contents of the heating gas should rise again, the dampers 21 are moved toward the closed position to such an eX- tent that the temperature acquired by the heating gas will just sntlice for its ignition. A smaller proportion of the off gases will then llow through the rccupelators, but whatever reduction of the heating ell'ect thus occurs in the recul crators, is accompanied by an increased heating effect in the rcgenerators 8, through which the remainder of the oii' gases is conducted; upon the subsequent reversal, these rcgcncrators transfer the greater heat they have absorbed, to the incomingair intended to slipport conibustimi, and thus the heatingr effect on the air is increased in the same measure as the heating effecton the fuel gas is diminished.

In view of the arrangement of the rccuperators with their channels 17, 18, 19 at t-he end of the oven not taken by the regencrators 8, 9, the oven is of a very compact construction and the waste heat of the oven is utilized very eiciently for preheating the heating gas or fuel gas, owing to the avoidance of long connecting conduits.

By arranging the regenerators at one end of the oven, and the recuperators at the other end, I separate the gas-heaters or fuelheaters entirely from the air-heaters, thus avoiding all danger of the fuel or air reaching the air-heater or fuel-heater respectively, through cracks in the heater walls; thus air and fuel cannot get mixed prematurely. As the draft is exerted from both ends of the sole channels 14, such draft acts on the several heating flues more uniformly than if suction were exerted only at one end of said channels.

Regenerators are more efficient than recuperators as regards the utilization of heat. In a. generator, the medium to be heated (air) comes in direct contact with surfaces which have been in direct contact previously with the hot off-gases, thus securing a ready and thorough absorption of heat. In a recuperator, the heat is transferred through partitions, the heating effect thus being slower and less thorough. Notwithstanding, recuperators are preferable to regenerators for the heating of fuel, because when regenerators are used to heat fuel, the amount of gas contained in the regenerators at the moment of reversal is wasted (since it is not available for heating), and moreover this amount or remnant of gas or fuel, is liable to cause explosions when coming in contact with the off-gases admitted to the regenerators subsequently. This loss and danger are avoided by employing recuperators or heating the fuel, while the more eiiicient regenerators may be used safely for heating the air.

The invention may be applied to coke ovens or :as-producing ovens of various types, whet er the oven chambers be upright or longitudinal (horizontal or inclined).

Various modifications may be made without depart-ing from the nature of my invention as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. An oven provided with heating lues, having inlets for air and fuel respectively and outlets for off gases, channels connected with said outlets, air-regenerators adapted for connection alternately with said channels and with the air inlets, and a fuel-reeupcrator having an off-gas path connected with said channels, and a fuel path connected with said air inlets.

2. An oven provided with inlets for air and fuel respectively and outlets for oil' gases, regenerators for preheaiing the air on its way to said air inlets, a recnperator for preheating the fuel on its way to the fuel inlets, and channels for directing a portion of the off gases from said outlets to the regenerators and another portion to the rccuperator.

3. An oven provided with inlets for air and fuel respectively and outlets for off gases, regenerators for preheating the air on its way to said air inlets, a rccupcrator for preheating the fuel on its way to the fuel inlets, channels for directing a portion of the off gases from said outlets to the regenerators and another portion to the recuperator, and adjustable means for variably propo-rtioning the amount of off gases flowing to the regenerators and to the recuperator respectively.

4. An oven provided with inlets for air and fuel respectively and outlets for off gases, a device for heating the air on its Way to the said air inlets, another device for heating the fuel on its way to the fuel inlets, channels for receiving the off gases from said outlets, and connections leading from opposite ends of said channels to the devices for hea-ting air and fuel respectively.

5. An oven provided with inlets for air and fuel respectively and outlet-s for off gases, a device for heating the air on its way to said air inlets, a device for heating the fuel on its way to the fuel inlets, and channels the opposite ends of which are connected with the devices for heating air and fuel respectively, the intermediate portions of said channels communicating with the oftl gas outlets.

6. An oven provided with inlets for air and fuel respectively and outlets for off gases, a device located at one end of the oven, for heating the air on its Way to the air inlets, another device, located at the opposite end of the oven, for heating the fuel on its Way to the fuel inlets, and off-gas channels connected at one end with the airheating device and at the other end With the fuel-heating device, said channels, at points between their connections with said heating devices, communicating with said off gas outlets.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 1,072,223.

7. An oven provided with inlets for air and fuel. respectively and outlets for-off gases, channels communicating with said outlets and extending from one end of the oven to the other, rcgenerators located at one end of the oven and connected with said channels, for prehcating the air on its Way to said air inlets, a recuperator located at the other end of the oven and provided with fuel paths leading to said fuel inlets, and with olf-gas paths, and ducts by which each off-gas path of the reouperator communicates With tiro adjacent oit-gas channels of the oven.

8. An oven provided with inlets for air and fuel respectively and outlets for off gases, regcnerators for preheating the air on its Way to said air inlets, a recuperator for preheating the fuel on its Way to the fuel inlets, said recuperator being entirely separate from the regenerators and located at such a distance therefrom as to preclude the possibility of fuel which may pass through cracks of the recuperator, reaching the regenerators and mingling prematurely With the air, or with the oit gases therein, and

connect-ions for` leading a portion of the off gases to the regenerators, and another portion to the recuperator.

9. An oven provided with heating iiues having inlets for air and fuel respectively and outlets for off-gases, a recuperator for heating the fuel on its Way to the fuel inlets, a permanent connection from the oii gas outlets to the recuperator, a pair of airheating regenerators and means' for placing them alternately in communication with the air inlets and with the oit-gas outlets, both regenerators being adapted for connection with the same air inlets and With the same off-gas outlets, so that the reversal of the regenerator connections Will not affect the direction in which the combustion products travel through the heating tlues.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

ARTHUR GOHMANN.

Witnesses MAX lVEERrAs, .LOUIS VANDORY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for vc cents each, by addressing the, Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

regen erario?" [SEAL] provement in Chamber-Ovens, an error appears requiring correction as follows: Page 3,

[t is hereby certied that in Letters Patent No. 1,072,223, granted September 2,

1913, upon the application of Arthur Gohmann, of Stettin, Germany, for an imin the printed specification line 39, for the Word generator read and that the said Letters Patent should be read With this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 7th day of October, A. D., 1913.

R. T. FRAZIER,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 1,072,223.

7. An oven provided with inlets for air and fuel. respectively and outlets for-off gases, channels communicating with said outlets and extending from one end of the oven to the other, rcgenerators located at one end of the oven and connected with said channels, for prehcating the air on its Way to said air inlets, a recuperator located at the other end of the oven and provided with fuel paths leading to said fuel inlets, and with olf-gas paths, and ducts by which each off-gas path of the reouperator communicates With tiro adjacent oit-gas channels of the oven.

8. An oven provided with inlets for air and fuel respectively and outlets for off gases, regcnerators for preheating the air on its Way to said air inlets, a recuperator for preheating the fuel on its Way to the fuel inlets, said recuperator being entirely separate from the regenerators and located at such a distance therefrom as to preclude the possibility of fuel which may pass through cracks of the recuperator, reaching the regenerators and mingling prematurely With the air, or with the oit gases therein, and

connect-ions for` leading a portion of the off gases to the regenerators, and another portion to the recuperator.

9. An oven provided with heating iiues having inlets for air and fuel respectively and outlets for off-gases, a recuperator for heating the fuel on its Way to the fuel inlets, a permanent connection from the oii gas outlets to the recuperator, a pair of airheating regenerators and means' for placing them alternately in communication with the air inlets and with the oit-gas outlets, both regenerators being adapted for connection with the same air inlets and With the same off-gas outlets, so that the reversal of the regenerator connections Will not affect the direction in which the combustion products travel through the heating tlues.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

ARTHUR GOHMANN.

Witnesses MAX lVEERrAs, .LOUIS VANDORY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for vc cents each, by addressing the, Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

regen erario?" [SEAL] provement in Chamber-Ovens, an error appears requiring correction as follows: Page 3,

[t is hereby certied that in Letters Patent No. 1,072,223, granted September 2,

1913, upon the application of Arthur Gohmann, of Stettin, Germany, for an imin the printed specification line 39, for the Word generator read and that the said Letters Patent should be read With this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 7th day of October, A. D., 1913.

R. T. FRAZIER,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

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