US1676736A - Coke oven - Google Patents

Description

July 10, 1928.

T. G. KUS

COKE OVEN Filed July 16, 1923 '7 Sheets-Sheet 1 July 10, 1928. 1,676,736

T. G. KUS 1 COKE OVEN Filed July 16, 1925 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 T. G. KUS

COKE OVEN Filed July 16, 1925 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 T. G. KUS

COKE OVEN Filed July 16, 1925 7 Sheets- Sheet 4 ul 10, 1928. I 1,676,736

T. G. Kus

COKE OVEN Filed July 16, 1925 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 5 "6 "7 F July 10, 1928.

T. G. KUS

COKE OVEN 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed July l6, 1925 Juiy 1&

T. G. KUS

COKE OVEN Filed July 16, 1923 7 Sheets-Sheet '7 Patented July 10, 1928.

UNITED STATES THOMAS G. KUS,- OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,

ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, '10

CHICAGO TRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION.

COKE OVEN.

Application ma July 16,

My invention relates to by-product coke ovens, which are commonly built in benches or batteries containng a large number of coking chambers extending transversely through the bench or common construction and externally heated by hot gases formed in and circulating through passages or fiues formed in the walls separating adjacent chambers. In certain respects which will be hereinafter pointed out the present invention is in the nature of an improvement in the coke oven construction disclosed in an application filed by me October 4, 1919, Serial No. 328,537. In that construction the walls are formed with vertical heating flues, provision being made to supply fuel gas and air to support combustion alternately at the top and bottom of the fines so that the flow of heating gases is alternately upward and downward. The air is preheated by passing through regenerators formed in the foundation beneath the ovens, alternate regenera-t ors supplying air to the lower ends of the combustion fiues and intermediate regenerators supplying the upper ends of the fiues according to the direction of operation at the time. \Vhen air is passing through regenerators of one set, the regenerators of the other are being heated by the waste heating gases, the regenerators having valved connections by which alternately air is admitted thereto and products of combustion drawn therefrom. In another aspect of my present invention it may be considered an improvement in the so-called flueless or Roberts type of oven which is characterized by broad heating chambers extending substantially the length of the coke ovens, an example of which may be foundin my application for patent, Serial No. 364,109, filed by me March 8, 1920.

The present invention provides a more uniform and efiicient distribution of heat to the charges within 1 the coking chambers, whereby the coking thereof is more rapidly effected and a better and more uniform grade of coke produced, and coals heretofore considered unadapted for the production of metallurgical coking is available for that purpose.

In my improved construction the advantages of the flueless type of oven with its vertical flow of heating gases and substantially uninterrupted heat-absorbing surface 1923. Serial No. 851,693.

extending from end to end of the coking chambers is combined with that of reversal of flow by which the heat absorbed from the gases is evenly distributed between the upper and lower portions of the wall. Furthermore, the distribution of, heat longitudinally of the ovens is controlled and made substantially uniform by supplying the ignition chambers or points of combustion arranged along the top and bottom of the heating spaces or chambers of the wall independently with fuel gas and air to support combustion, the regenerators being subdivided for this purpose so that each subdivision independently supplies a small number of air ports only. Furthermore, lateral drift of the products of combustion due to atmospheric or other causes which would cause unequal heating longitudinall of the Wall is substantially prevented by tiin vertical diaphragms arranged at suitable intervals which substantially confine the heating gases to a vertical course of travel without, however, being of suflicient thickness to materially affect the even distribution of heat to the surfaces of the wall in contact with the contents of the coking chambers. Other features and advantages of my invention will appear from the drawings accompanying and forming a part of the specification and the detailed description thereof hereinafter; It is to be understood however that the specific disclosure is for the purpose of exemplification only and that the scope of the invention is defined in the following claims, it being my intention to claim it as broadly as the prior art will permit.

In the drawings Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are vertical transverse sections partly through a bench or battery of ovens embodying my invention, Fig. 1 being taken on the planes of the broken line 1-1 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows, Fig. 2 on the broken line 22 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows, and Fig. 3 on the broken line 33 of Fig. 6, looking in the direction of the arrows; Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 are fragmentary, vertical, longitudinal sections showing two complete units of the bank or battery, Fig. 4 being on the plane of the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, looking in the ..Ward, Figs. 8 and 9 showing a single heating wall only, Fig. 8 being on the plane of the line 8-8 of Fig. 4, Fig. 9 on the plane of the line 99 of Fig. 4, Fig. 10 on the broken line 1010 of Fig. 4 and Fig. 11 on the plane of the line 1111 of Fig. 3; Fig. 12 1s a fragmentary vertical section on the same plane as Fig. 3. Each part is identified by the same reference character wherever it occurs throughout the several views.

The battery or bench of ovens may be composed of brickwork or of concrete construction and brickwork combined, as, usual, the heating walls, or those portlons thereof which comprise the heating or combust on chambers, being preferably formed of silica brick or other heat resistant material. The coking chambers20 are formed in the upper part of the construction, the lower part being occupied by the regenerative chambers for preheating the air supplied to the heating chambers in the walls intermediate the coking chambers. The coking chambers may be of usual dimensions but preferably are somewhat narrower and provided with the usual charging openings 21 and openings 22 at the ends thereof for the discharge of the coke.

Each intermediate or heating wall is formed with two series of heating chambers arranged respectively on opposite s1des of the median plane thereof. The heating chambers comprise upper and lower 1gn1- tion chambers or spaces 23, 24 and an intermediate heat absorption zone 25 across which last extend refractory heat absorbing elements 26. Preferably these elements are integral parts of brick of which they form the reduced waist or intermediate portions, the heads or ends 27 of which supplemented by intermediate courses of narrow brick 28, form the side walls of the heat absorbing chamber. The intermediate portion of the wall, in which the heat absorption zones are located, is composed of two outside courses of these dumbbell shaped brick and an intermediate course in which are formed certain ducts and flues which will presently be described.

The ignition chambers 23, 24 are evenly spaced along the top and bottom of the heating chambers and are in unobstructed communication with the heat absorption zones and separated from each other by webs 29, 30. Each ignition chamber is formed with a gas and an air port, the upper gas ports being shown at 31, the lower gas ports at 32, the upper air ports at 33 and the lower air ports at 34. From the gas ports 31 vertical ducts 35 formed in the brickwork lead to the top of the structure, see Figs. 2 and the brickwork intermediate the heating chambers and the brickwork or masonry above the same. Horizontal passages 43 extend transversely of the bench or battery of ovens directly beneath passages 39 with which they communicate through ports 44, see Fig. 7, said ports being normally closed by ball valves 45 of refractory material. The passages 43 are for the purpose of cleaning out the gas ducts and extend through the faces of the structure so'as to be accessible for this purpose and when the dust is to be removed from the ducts 39, 40 it is only necessary to raise the valves 45, permit it to drop into the passages 43 and scrape it out of the latter by a suitable instrument.

In order to avoid too great a drop in the temperature of the gases in their travel through the combustion chambers I supply an excess of air to the ignition chambers in which combustion is taking place and supply additional fuel gas about midway of the heat-absorption zone which is consumed thereby. Thus also excessively high temperatures are avoided in the ignition chambers by the dilution of the products of combustion with the excess air. The intermediate fuel ports are shown at 46, see Figs. 2 and 6, which ports receive the gas from vertical ducts 47 likewise extending through the middle course of the wall to the top surface of the structure. These ducts are likewise supplied with fuel gas from the mains 42. The branch pipes 48 by which the gas ducts are supplied from the mains are preferably provided with individual valves as illustrated in Figs. 2 and 6, for controlling the supply of fuel gas, but the mains are also controlled by valves whereby the supply of gas may be turned into either the upper or the lower ignition chambers in reversing the operation.

The lower ignition chambers of the heating chambers on opposite sides of each oven are supplied with preheated air from the regenerator 49 immediately below said oven and the upper ignition chambers in each wall are supplied with preheated air from the regenerator 50 immediately beneath said wall. The heating chambers or spaces in the intermediate walls are divided longitudinally by thin diaphragms or partitions 51 at suitable intervals to guide the gases in a substantially vertical direction. In the particular construction disclosed each heating space is divided into six such chambers and the regenerators are similarly divided by walls 52 immediately beneath the diaphragms 51. Thus the battery or bench of ovens is divided. transversely as well as longitudinally into independent heating units, eachpair of combustion chambers receiving its supply of heated air from an independent regenerator unit. The regenerator units are again subdivided into pairs of elements each of which supplies a small number of ignition chambers with air. In the specific construction shown each regenerator unit is divided into four elements each of which supplies two ignition chambers, the elements of the respective units of regenerators 49 being marked respectively e, f, g and h and those of regenerators 50-being marked respectively a, b, a, and d. Referrin to Figs. 3, 4, 5, it will be seen that flues 5 extend vertically in pairs from the respective elements'a, b, c, d of regenerator 50 through the heating Walls and intermediate the heating chambers therein, one flue of each pair turning to the left, as seen in Fig. 4, at its upper end, and the other member of each pair turning to the right, as seen in Fig. 5 and each communicates with the air ports 33 in two adjacent upper ignition chambers throughahorizontal pas-m sage 50, see Fig.2. The extent of opening of the ports 33 may be controlled by small pieces of brick 61 and for manipulating the latter a tapering chamber 62 opens through the upper face of the structure but is normally closed.

As seen in Figs. 1, 2. 4. 5 and 10 the'first and third elements e, g, of each unit of regenerators 49 are formed with short horizontal lines 63 extending to the right as viewed in Fig. 2, and the second and fourth elements f, h are formed with similar lines 64 extending to the left, the fiues 63, 64 being in parallel planes as seen in Figs. 4 and 10. The flues 63 are each connected by inclined passages 65 with two of the air ports 34 of the lower ignition chambers 24 to the left of the coke oven immediately above the same while the lines 64 are each similarly connected to two of the ignition chambers at the right of the coking chamber. im-

mediately above.

Each of the units of each of the regenerators is rovided with an independent horizontal ue leading parallel to the regenerator through .a side wall of the bench through which it alternately receives air and dis charges waste gas. Each of the elements of such unit is open to said flue. In the particular exemplification of the invention specifically disclosed there being six regenerator units to each regenerator the flues from three of them lead to one side of the bench while the lines from the other three regenerator 50 are marked 73, 74, 75. The

three flues from each regenerator open into a common duct or passage 76 (see Figs. 2 and 12) which is provided with two branches 77, 78, one of which 77, has an opening 79 communicating with the open air and 0011- trolled by a valve 80 and the other 78 of which communicates with a stack flue 81 and is controlled by a damper or valve 82. The valves 80 and 82 of all of the regenerators may be operated independently or the valves of regenerators 49 coupled together and those of regenerators 50 coupled together for joint action in an-obvious manner.

From the foregoing the operation-of the construction will be readily grasped. Preferably the flow of gases is in the same direction in all of the heating chambers at the same time and is simultaneously reversed. When the flow of gases is upward in the heating chambers the valves 80 controlling..

the admission of air to regenerator49 are openandthe danipers 82 controlling connection thereof to the stack flue closed, while the valves 80 in the passages opening from regenerators 50 to the air are closed and the dampers 82 connecting the last mentioned regenerators with the stack flue are open. At the same time fuel gas is supplied to the lower ignition chambers and the intermediate ports and shut off from the upper ignition chambers. Air then flows through the heated chambers of regenerators 49 to the lower ignition chambers where it meets jets of gas from the mains. The products of combustion formed flow vertically upward through the heat absorption zones intermediate of which their temperature is again raised by the combustion of gas supplied through the intermediate ports. The products of combustion escape through the upper ignition chambers and the ports there- 0 and pass downwardl through flues 57 and regenerators 50, w ich latter extract heat-therefrom, and thence through the regenerator flues to the stack flue. When the flow is reversed after a suitable interval the air for supporting combustion passes through regenerators 50 and meets jets of gas in the upper combustion chambers, theproducts of combustion then flowing downward through the heat absorption zone to the lower ignition chambers and .thence through the regenerators 49 and to the stack flue. The supplemental or intermediate combustion midway the heat absorption zone fuel gas beingsupplied at all times for this purpose.

In my improved construction of coke oven the heating walls in contact with the charges withinthe coking chambers are uniformly heated throughout, the reversal of flow coupled withthe secondary combustion providlng substantial uniformity throughout in a vertical direction and the independent heating and supply of air to the'respective ignition chambers insuring even distribu tion of the air throughout the length of the wall, while the vertical diaphragms in the heating chambers prevent the concentration of hot gases due to lateral movement thereof without substantially interrupting the continuity of the heat-absorbing wall of the heating chamber. By reason of the uniformity of heat distribution the temperature of all parts of the wall may be raised to the point mot desirable for practical coking operation, the high temperature coupled with the even heat distribution producing a uniform high grade coke and permitting the manufacture of a satisfactor metallurgical coke from coals which have ieretofore been unsatisfactory for the purpose.

I claim:

1. A series of horizontallyelongated coking chambers arranged side by side, the intermediate walls thereof being connI Q each two contiguous chambers respectively, each heating wall having heating chambers on opposite sides of the central plane there- "of, ignition chambers at the top and bottom respectively of the heating chambers, ports for conveying air to and waste gases from the lower ignition chambers, vertical passages intermediate the heating chambers and communicating with the lower ends thereof for supplying them with fuel gases, mains supplying the upper ends of said passages with fuel gases, other vertical assages extending between the heating cham ers and opening thereinto intermediate their height, mains for supplying gas to the last named passages, ports communicating with the upper ignition chambers for supplying air thereto and permittingthe escape of waste gases therefrom and vertical flues intermediate the heating chambers and communieating with the last named ports on opposite sides of the wall.

2. A series of horizontally elongated coking chambers arranged side by side, the intermediate walls thereof being common to each two contiguous chambers respectively, heating chambers in said walls on opposite sides of the central planes thereof, passages for supplying fuel gas to the upper ends of the heating chambers, regenerators parallel to and below the heating walls, each divided by transverse vertical walls into a series of independent elements, vertical flues extending upwardly from the respective said elements between the heating chambers in the walls, and ports connecting some of said flues at their upper ends to the heating chambers on one side thereof, and ports connecting the upper ends of the other flues to the upper ends of the heating chambers-on the other side thereof.

3. A series of horizontally elongated coking chambers arranged side by side, the intermediate walls thereof being common to each two contiguous chambers respectively, heating chambers on opposite sides of the central planes of the heating walls, means for supplying fuel gas to the upper and lower ends of the heating chambers, regenerators arranged parallel to and immediately below the respective coking chambers, ports and passages connecting said regenerators with the lower ends of the heating chambers on opposite sides of the coking chamber immediately above said regenerator, intermediate regenerators innnediately below the respective heating walls, flues and ports connecting the intermediate regenerators to the upper ends of the heating chambers in the walls immediately above said regenerators and vertical partitions dividing said regenerators and heating chambers into corresponding longitudinal sections.

4. A series of horizontally elongated coking chambers arrangedside by side, the intermediate walls thereof being common to each two contiguous chambersrespectively, heating chambers on opposite sides of the central planes of the respective heating walls. vertical transverse partitions dividing the heating chamber into a series of divisions, a series of upper and lower ignition chambers in each heating chamber division. :1 series of regenerators parallel to and directly below the respective coking chambers, vertical walls dividing such regenerators into elements, passages connecting alternate said elements 'with a lower ignition chamber on one side of the coking chamber respectively immediately above the same, passages connecting intermediate said elements with an ignition chamber on the other side of said coking chamber, a series of regenerators parallel to and directly below the respective heating walls and intermediate the regenerators of the first said series, walls dividing each said regenerator into a series of heating elements, passages connecting alternate said heating elements respectively with upper ignition chambers at the one side of said wall, passages connecting intermediate elements of said regenerators respectively with upper ignition chambers in the other side of the said wall, and means for supplying fuel gas to the upper and lower ignition chambers.

5. In a bench of coke ovens a series of parallel coking chambers, a pair of combustion chambers arranged respectively on opfor supplying fuel gas at the top and bottom of each combustion chamber, a series of-regenerators arranged beneath the respective coking chambers, each regenerator divided into pairs of regenerative sections, one member of each pair connected to the combustion chamber on one side of the respective coking chamber and the other member of. each pair connected to the combustion chamber on the other side of said coking chamber, intermediate regenerators and connections there from to the upper ends of the combustion chambers.

6. ,In acoke oven a series of parallel cok ing chambers, 21 air of combustion heatin chambers for eacli coking chamber arranged respectively on opposite sides thereof, gas ports and passages for supplying fuel gas to the upper and lower ends respectively of each combustion chamber, a regenerator arranged beneath each coking chamber and divided into groups of four sections each by transverse walls therein, connections from alternate members of each group to the lower end of one of said combustion chambers, connections from intermediate sections to the lower end of the other of said combustion chambers, and means for supplying air to the upper ends of said combustion chambers.

7. In a coke oven a series of parallel coking chambers, a plurality of combustion chambers on each side of each coking chamber in the intermediate walls, a re enerator beneath the coking chamber divided into units, there being a plurality of pairs of elements in each unit, connections from one member of each pair to the lower end of the correspondin combustion chamber on one side of the co ng chamber, connections from the other member of each pair to the lower end of the similar combustion chamber on the other side of said coking chamber, means for supplyin air to the upper ends of said combustion c ambers, and means for supplying gas to the upper and lower ends thereof.

8. A series of horizontally elon ated coking chambers arranged side by side, the intermediate walls thereof being common to each two contiguous chambers respectively, a pair of combustion chambers in each wall, ports and passages for supplying fuel gas to the upper and lower ends of said combustion chambers, a regenerator beneath each cokin chamber and comprising a plurality of pairs of regenerator sections, connections from a member of each pair of sections to the lower end of the combustion chamber on one side of the coking chamber, connections from the other member of each pair to the lower end of the combustion chamber on the other side of said cokin chamber, regenerators intermediate the rst-mentioned regenerators and respectively beneath the part1t 1on walls, division walls dividing each of said lastnamed regenerators into a plurality of'sections, air fines extending from the last said sections vertically upward through the walls intermediate the combustion chambers therein, and connections from theupper ends of said air flues to the upper ends of the combustion chambers.

9. A series of horizontally elongated coking chambers arranged side by side, the intermediate walls thereof being common to each two contiguous chambers respectively, each having a pair of heating chambers extending substantially the length thereof, vertical partitions dividing said chambers into a series of independent heating chambers, a series of ignition chambers along the top and bottom respectively of each said divisional heating chamber, means for supplying fuel gas to said ignition chambers, regenerators arranged respectively beneath the coking chambers and parallel thereto, regenerators arranged respectively beneath the heating walls, vertical partitions dividing the regenerators into units, vertical partitions dividin each unit into pairs of elements, connections from one element of each of said pairs of elements of each regenerator beneath a coking chamber to the lower end of a heating chamber on one side of said coking chamber, connections-from the other element of such pair to the lower end of the heating chamber on the other side of said coking chamber, and connections from the respective said elements of the regenerators arranged beneath the respective heating walls. to the upper ends of the heating chambers in said walls.

10. A series of horizontally elongated coking chambers arranged side by side, the intermediate walls thereof being common to each two contiguous chambers respectively, heating chambers in the heating walls, ports for admitting air to the lower ends of the heating chambers, upwardly opening ports for admitting fuel as to the lower ends of the heating cham1 in the walls, means for supplying said passages at their upper ends with gas, inclined ducts connectin the lower ends of said passages with saic l upwardly opening ports, horizontal passages beneath said ports and into which'the lower ends of said ports open, said horizontal passages being open at their ends for cleaning and valves for normally closing the connection between said ports and horizontal passages.

11. A. series of horizontally elon ated cokingchambers arranged side by si e, the intermediate walls thereof being common to each two contiguous chambers respectively,

ers, vertical passages a pair of heatin chambers in each wall on A to said chambers and walls, there being. a regenerator beneath each coking chamber and beneath each wall, transverse vertical walls completely dividing said heatin the regenerators into units, connections from the units of alternate regenerators to the tops of a corresponding division of the heating chamber, and connections from the units of intermediate regenerators to the bottoms of the corresponding divisions of the heating chambers.

THOMAS G. KUS.

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