US2110376A - Chamber oven for the production of gas and coke - Google Patents

Description

March 8, 1938. H. DREHscHMxDT CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS AND COKE Filed Aug. 25, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet l March 8, 1938-' H. DREHscHMlDT CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION 0F GAS AND COKE Filed Aug. 25, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q wm.. l...

March 8, i938. H. DREHscHMlDT 2,110,376

CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION CF GAS AND COKE Filed Aug. 25, 1934 :s sheets-sheet :5

Patented Mar. 8, 1938 UNlTED STATES PATENT OFFIQE Heinrich Drehschmidt,

Essen-on-the-Ruhr, Germany, assigner, by mesne assignments, to Kollpers Company, a corporation of Delaware Application August 25,

1934, Serial No. 741,482

In Germany August 29, 1933 2 Claims.

This invention relates to chamber ovens for the production of gas and coke, having heating passages in the walls forming the coking chambers, and regenerators which are connected directly with the heating passages and to which the gaseous medium (air or fuel gas) is supplied from one or several distributing passages extending over the who-le length of the regenerators. The invention has more particular reference to horizontal chamber ovens for the production of gas and coke with vertical heating passages in the walls of the chambers and the regenerators lying thereunder, which areV directly connected to a part or the whole of the heating passages.

The object of my present invention is to provide improvements in the said chamber ovens for the production of gas and colte, so that the gaseous medium necessary for the combustion process, i. e. the air for combustion alone, or the air for combustion and fuel gas in diierent quantities according to the coking time desired, can be uniformly distributed to the heating passages, without it being necessary to have regulating devices in operation inside the oven building.

The invention fundamentally resides in that for every regenerator there are provided two separate distributing passages substantially parallel to each other to one end of which for example there is supplied air or fuel gas in quantities which can be controlled and whose openings connecting them to the chequer work chamber of the regenerator are of such dimensions, that the crosssection of these connecting openings is calibrated along the separate passages, in equal or unequal gradation, becoming greater for one and smaller for another passageway from the entry opening for gas or air thereto.

A further object of my invention is to use the above mentioned solution of the problems of the invention in a specially suitable form with such horizontal chamber ovens for the production of gas and coke, which have regenerators (cross regenerators) under the heating walls at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the battery, and which are separated in half of the longitun dinal axis of the battery and are connected with a distributing passage on the other half of the battery, whilst the heating passages lying in one half of the battery are supplied with combustion media directly from the vregenerator and the heating passages in the other half of the battery from the said distributing passage. A chamber coke oven of this kind is described for example in the German specification No. 525,812.

According to the present invention, with regenerative coking ovens of the last named type each regenerator is sub-divided longitudinally by means of a partition and the heating passages whichlie directly over the regenerators are joined to one half of a regenerator and the distributing passage leading to the other half of the battery to the other half of the regenerator. The regenerator distributing passages provided with the new type of calibration of the connecting openings according to my present invention are thus only arranged under those halves of the regenn erators whichl are directly connected with the heating passages lying over them, whilst for the other halves of the regenerators there are provided one or more distributing passages of the form usual hitherto.

I will now describe the nature of my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings whereinz- Figure i is a vertical cross section through a horizontal chamber coke oven constructed according to my invention, v

Figure 2 is a vertical section through a part of a horizontal chamber coke oven battery according to my invention, on the line II-II of Fig.` l.

Figure 3 shows a horizontal section through a part of an oven battery according to line III-III of Fig. 1.

Figure 4 shows a vertical section through another form of construction of my invention,

Figure 5 is a part longitudinal section on the line V-V of Fig. 4 and a part section on the line Va-Va of Figure 4,

Figure 6 is a longitudinal section through a part of the oven battery on the line VI-VI of Fie'. 4.

Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section through the form of regenerator reversal flowbox which is preferably used in my invention.

Figure 8 is a horizontal section on the line VEL-VIII of Fig. 7 and Figure 9 is a horizontal section through another form of construction of the regenerator reversal now-box, which is preferably used for the coke oven illustrated in Figs. 4 6.

In the horizontal chamber coke oven illustrated in Figs. 1-3 vertical heating passages 2 and 2a are provided in the walls of the coking chambers l, which are connected in pairs to form the socalled hair pin flues. Regenerators 3 are arranged under the coking chambers and the heating channels and extend parallel to the oven chambers and vertically relative to the longitudinal axis of the battery and are in operation under the entire length of the oven chambers.

The regenerators 3 can if necessary be subdivided into compartments by meansof vertical partitions 4, which fill a definite section of the chamber length. The regenerate-rs 3 lie next to each other in the longitudinal directions of the battery. 1 V

Of the two vertical heating passages of the hair pin Iiues, the heating passages 2a are connected with the regenerator 3 lying'thereunder byr means of connecting passages 5 whilst the other heating passages 2 are connected with the neighbouring regenerators 3 by means of ythe passages 5a, as shown in Fig. 2. Y

The regenerators 3 are provided with the usual refractory chequer work.

'IWo sole passages 6 and 6a are provided under each regenerator and are separate from each sage Ba the size of the connecting passages inl knee part.

of the ovens towards flow-boxes 8 are joinedrto the outer ends of the regenerator sole passages for-the two sole-passages 6 and 6a of eachk regenerator.

As shown in Fig. 8 each knee piece has two connecting portions 9 and 9a of whichV the parts 9 lead to the sole passage 6 and the parts 9a to the sole passage 6a. Regulating plates I0 and I0a which preferably act independently of each other are provided in the parts 9 and 9a, and are formed in suchv a manner that air or gas in adjustable quantities can flow into the regenerator sole passages 6 and 6a or in one of the two, from the inner chamber II of the knee pieces or portions.

The connecting passage I3 leading to the exhaust reservoir passage is connected to the parts I2 of the knee pieces. 'I'he opening of the parts I2 can be closed by means of ka plate valve I4,

which can be actuated in the usual manner by means of mechanism I5 on the outside of thev In addition the knee part 8 has an opening I6 leading to the outside, which can be closed by a cover I1, and which is also actuated from outside by the mechanism I5. 'I'he mechanism I5 is formedV in such a way that the air valve II and-,the valve I4 are alternately opened or closed; In the operating period` in which air is supplied to the regenerator connected to the knee piece the air flap I1 is opened and the valve I4 shut. Alternately, in the operating period in which hot exhaust gas iiows through the regenerator -in order to heat up the chequer work, the

' air ap II is closedand the valve I4 is opened,

piece`8 of one regenerator of a pair as shown ink Figure 1, which is controlledby a stop valve 20 'and can be connected to the main gas pipe 2|.

" In ,this case the mechanism actuating the airrlap I1 isputout of action and the stop valve 29 is "i actuatedA in such a way that in each working vided at the mouth of the sole passages 5 and with brickwork of the oven has the advantage that on the one hand the connecting place is always held tightly 'and on the other hand the knee piece if necessary can easily be removed.

In operation with the new calibration of the connecting openings of the present invention between the regeneratorsole passages and the respective chequer work chambers, with regard to the special formation of the knee pieces, we have the following:

If the regulating plates I0, Illa of the knee pieces, are both full open the gaseous medium is uniformly distributed to both regenerator sole passages 6 and 6a. The medium then enters into the regenerator chequer work chamber in a distribution which is conditional on the entire cross section of the connecting openings of both sole passages in each zone of the regenerator. If for example the regulating plate I0 of the sole passage 6 is closed, the medium flows into the regenerator chequer work chamber in a differentv state of distribution,rthe distribution being conditional on the calibration of the connecting openings of the single sole passage 6a which is opened. In the form of construction illustrated in the drawings this means that gaseous Imedium is supplied in a'larger'quantity in the outer half of the regenerator. 'I'he admission is reversed in the form of kconstruction in which the sole passage 6a is closed and the sole passage 6 is opened'. In between these two cases of the admission to the regenerator it is obviously now possible to obtain the most diverse intermediate stages in the distribution of the gaseous medium.

vThe action of the special calibration of the sole passage openings with regard to the distribution of varying quantities of gas or air over the entire extent of the regenerator is shown from the following.

In'order to distribute gas or air from the sole passage uniformlycver the entire length of the regenerator a definite throttling of the gas or air current under the regenerator chequer work is necessary. Naturally this throttling is only ap c plicable for a deiinite quantity of gas` or air, or

only for a denite'gas pressure under the connecting openings between the sole passage and the regenerator. By means of a definite setting of the regulating plates I0', Illa it is now possible to obtain a pressure of gas in the two passages 6 and 6a. such that the desired distribution of the medium over the regeneratorchequer work chamber is always obtained. n

In this case the calibration of the openings 'I and 1a is preferably madecther than that illustrated in Fig. 3 of the drawings:` A

For example the openings `1 of the sole passages 6 are of such dimensions that the relatively small quantity of gas necessary for 36 hours of coking is uniformly distributed over the whole regenerator. The openings 1a of the passage 6a are calibrated exactly the same as the openings 1 of the adjacent sole passage 6.

In this case with an operative period of 36 hours the passages would be closed and gas or air would only be supplied to the p-assages 6. If the ovens are worked with, for example, an operative period of 20 hours, during which naturally more gas or air is supplied in each time unit (approximately double), then the passages 6a would also have to be supplied with gas or air. Thus a half of the quantity of gas or air necessary for the shorter operative period would be supplied through the passages 6 and 6a that is, for each passage 6 and 6a the same quantity as with the longer operative period through the single passage 6. 'I'here is thus the same pressure of gas under the openings 1 and 1a as before, so that the calibration of the openings 1 and 1a remains effective in the manner required and the gas is distributed uniformly.

In the preceding example the openings 1 and 1a are assumed to be equal. Naturally the openings could also be made unequal, for example, the openings 1 of the passages 6 could be arranged for the distribution of small quantities of gas or air and the openings 1a of the passages 6a for the distribution of larger quantities of gas or air. It is obvious that there are intermediate positions between both cases which are just as effective.

If the primary consideration is the uniform distribution of large quantities of gaseous media over the entire extent of the regenerators it is preferable to arrange vertical dividing walls 48 in the regenerators as indicated in the left half of Fig. 4, by means of which the uniform distribution of the media, which is eiiected by the special calibration of the sole passages in the lower part of the regenerator chequer work, is maintained over the entire height of the regenerator chequer work up to the exit passages leading to the heating passages.

Figs. 4 to 6 of the drawings illustrate the preferred form of construction of the invention for another type of coke oven. In this type of oven vertical heating passages 3l and 32 are provided in the walls forming the coking chambers 30 and are connected With each other at their upper and lower ends in pairs. The regenerators are arranged in the oven building underneath the coking chambers and heating walls, the regenerators 33 and 34 being underneath each oven chamber. 'Ihese regenerators are separated from each other by means of a middle dividing wall 35 extending over the entire length of the battery of ovens.

The regenerator 34 is connected with a passage 36, which extends over the other half of the ovens as shown in Fig. 4. The regenerator 33 is connected with the passage 31 in a similar manner. The two passages 36 and 31 cross each other in the middle of the oven battery.

A middle longitudinal wall 38 is provided in the regenerators 33 and 34 which divides the chequer work of the regenerators in two independent parts. The passages 36, 31 lead into the regenerator chamber 39 included by the dividing wall 38. Passages 4l which go from the regenerator to the heating passages lying over them, open into the compartment 4|] of the regenerator. On the other hand, connecting passages 42 also lead from the passages 36, 31 to the heating passages lying over them.

The vconnection between the heating passages and the regenerators or the passages 36 and 31 is such that, for example, the heat ducts 32 of each pair of heating passages are connected with the regenerators 33 on the other side of the battery with the corresponding passages 31, Whilst the heating passages 3| in one half of the battery are connected with the regenerator 3,4 and in the other half of the battery with the passage 36 belonging to this regenerator.

Sole passages 43,'44 and 45 are provided under the regenerator chequer work for each regenerator 3. Ofk these sole passages thepassage 43 is in connection with the chequer work chamber 3S, that is, that part of the regenerator into which the passage 36 o-r 31 leads.

Two sole passages 44 and 45 are provided under the other regenerators section 46. The openings 44a, 45a, leading from these passages 44 and 45 to the regenerator chequer work, are calibratedin the way described before, for the regenerator sole passages 6 and 6a of the type of oven according to Figs, lto 3 of the drawings.

By means of this special calibration of the openings 44a and 45a it is possible to effect the desired distribution of the gaseous media over the entire length of the regenerator.

In practice it is not necessary to have a variable distribution of the media in the regenerator sections 33, as the media flow from this regenerator part into the passage 31 or 36 from which they must be distributed anew. Similarly a variable distribution of the media is not necessary in this passage 31 as the other heating passages ofthe pair of heat ducts are connected to that section of the regenerator lying thereunder, in which it is possible to control the distribution of the gaseous media.

It can be seen therefore that with the type o-f oven according to Figs. 4 to 6 of the drawings, it is possible to obtain a definite distribution of the gaseous media over the entire extent of the heating walls of the coking chambers, independently of the quantity of gaseous media to be distributed, by means of the application of the principles of my invention. v

In the type of coke oven described in Figs. 4 to 6 of the drawings, as previously explained it is preferable to take in hand or vary the distrib-ution of the combustion media in those heating passages which receive gas or air out of the passage 36 or 31 from those regenerators through which exhaust gases pass in the same operative period. As the exhaust volume is always somewhat larger than the volume of the cold media, it is necessary in this case to form the knee pieces or portions 46 and 41 in such a way that when opening the valve leading to the exhaust passages the regulating plate controlling the passages 44 and 45 is also adjusted. This last adjustment of the regulating plate must be such that the larger quantity of exhaust gases must also be sucked into the regenerator chequer work chamber in a uniform distribution. In order that the distribution of the media in the regenerator section 40, directly connected with the heating passages, shall be made in the most advantageous manner, it is preferable to provide vertical dividing walls 48 in this regenerator section.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings by way of example, for a horizontal chamber coke oven. My invention however can be used with equal advantage for vertical chamber or retort ovens, and above all for charging all such regenerators of large extent horizontally, and in which the gaseousmediaY are to be distributed -from lan opening in a definite manner over the entire regenerator chequer work. Such a problem can also be solved for example with Vthe regenerators of the known Siemens-Martin 'oven and'in many air heaters for blast furnaces.

I would note particularlythat my invention is in no way limitedto the foregoing forms of construction, and it may furthermore be varied as desired Within the limits of the following claims. V'I'he'right to make out further claims is strictly reserved.

- I claim.:

'1. In a coke oven for the production ofv gas and coke comprising coking chambers alternating in position side-by-side with heating Walls therefor comprising combustion ues, a regenerator chamber communicating with a Vplurality of said combustion fiues, a plurality of sole flues vfor the` regenerator chamber and each communieating therewith through separate yseries of connecting ports, a regenerator flow-reversal box common to and communicably connected with each of the sole flues of the regenerator at lone end thereof and having inlet means for introducing combustion media to each of the sole flues and outlet means for exhaust of waste gas from each of the sole flues of the regenerator, each of the .sole ues extending from the ow reversal box throughout the length of the regenerator chequerwork, the series of connecting ports for one sole flue decreasing in size from the flow reversal box toV the other end of the regenerator and the series of connecting ports for another of the plurality of sole flues for the generator `increasing Vin size from the flow reversal box to the other end` of the regenerator, and regulable valvermeans for individually controlling the flow through each of the sole flues of waste gas to and combustion mediarfrom the regenerator ow box;` whereby combustion media may enter the regenerator through the sole Hue that has the ports decreasing in size from the regenerator ow box` and the Waste exhausted through the other sole flue, as well asreversely or through both ues simultaneously in adjustable quantities.

2. In a coke oven for the production of gas and ycoke comprising coking chamber alternating in position side-by-side with heating walls therefor comprising hairpin combustion ilues;y `and regenerators arranged under the coking chambers and heating walls, said regenerators being, operatively disposed in two groups respectively on opposite sides of the longitudinal median line of the oven and each regenerator of each group being divided by a partition into two compartments with one compartment communicably connected directly with one limb of the hairpin ues lying vertically over the regenerator and the other compartment communicably connected with one limb of the hairpin flues over the other groupof regenerators by a horizontal passage extending between the other group of regenerators and the coking chambers and heating walls above the same,l at least three sole flues for each regenerator, a regenerator reversal flow box for each of said regenerators, the ow box for each regenerator being communicably connected with the sole flues of its regeneratorL at one end thereof and having inlet means for combustion `media and outlet means for waste gas, each of the sole:

flues of each regenerator extending from its reversal box throughout the length of the regenerator chequer-work and having, a. series of ports for communication with the regenerator, at least one of the sole flues for each regenerator communicating through said series of ports `with the compartment of the regenerator having the horizontal passage, and at least two of the sole flues o f each regenerator communicating through said series of ports withv the other compartment of the regenerator, each compartment with which at least two sole flues communicate khaving the series of ports decreasing in size for one sole ue and having the series of ports for another of its sole flues increasing in sizeV from the reversal flow box to the other end of the compartment, and regulable valve means for individuallyjcontrolling the flow throughthe sole flues of waste gas to and combustion media from their respective regener- HEINRICH DREHSCHMJDT.

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