US1656841A - Coke oven - Google Patents

Description

NMI@ nu @ad @x 2 Sheets-Sneet l wM/KL COKE OVEN Jan. 17, 1928.

Jan. 17, 1928 COKE OVEN Filed Dec. 4, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I/Il Patented Jan. v17, 19,28.

PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH STEPHENSON, OF HAMILTON, ONTARIO, CANADA.

COKE OVEN.

I vApplication led December 4, 1925, Serial No. 73,238, and in Canada December 20, 1924.

My invention relates to improvements in coke ovens and more particularly to the externally heated type, and the object of the invention is to provide an improved construction for coke ovens whereby a greater uniformity in the coke and other by-products produced is obtained by providing for a more uniform heating of the oven; a further object is to obtain greater economy and efficiency in gas distillation by eliminating loss of gas by escape to the atmosphere during the operation of charging the oven with coal.

Other objects will appear in the course of the following specification.

My invention consists essentially in the novel construction and arrangementof parts, all as hereinafter more particularly described and illustrated in the accompanying drawingsJ in which Fig. 1 is a sectional longitudinal elevation through a coke oven constructed in accordance with my invention, the section heing taken on the staggered line 1 1 of Fig. 3.

'Fig 2 is a horizontalv section taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1, the location of the uptake from the oven and that of the charging doors being indicated in broken lines.

Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse Section taken A on the lines 3 3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical section taken on the line 4- 4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5A is a horizont-a1 section taken on the lines 5 5 of Figs. 1 and3looking downwardly. f Fig. 5B is a horizontal section taken on the lines 5 5 of Figs. 1 and 3 looking upwardly. v

Fig. 6 is a horizontal section taken on the lines 6 6 of Figs. 1 and 3 looking downwardly.

Fig. 7 is a horizontal section taken on the lines 7 7 of Figs. 1 and 3 looking downwardly.

In the drawings, like characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the various views.

In the form of my invention illustrated, 1

indicates the oven setting, 2 being the oven 50 chamber proper which extends longitudinally and centrally through the setting and the side walls of which may have a slight taper longitudinally of the oven as is usual in coke ovens.

The oven chamber 2 is disposed in the usual manner within the setting and is provided with the usual closures for each end in the form of doors 3, which are held closed after the usual manner, as for instance by Q0 the bars 4.

The uptake 5 leads upwardly from the top of the oven chamber at the front end thereof, and within the uptake is placed after\the usual manner a steam jet 6`for the .l purpose of increasing the draft when desired.

The usual charging openings 7 are located in the top of the oven, being spaced apart longitudinally of the oven and are provided with the usual closure doors 8.

Adjacent to the top of the setting and extending longitudinally thereof at each side of the oven chamber 2 is formed a passage 9.

At the forward end these passages communicate with the uptake through ports 10 and at longitudinally spaced apart points throughout the length of't-he passages they communicate with the oven chamber 2 80 through ports 11.

Towards the center, each passage 9 is restrijicted at 12 into the form of a Venturi tu e.

The passages 9, as will be hereinafter ex.- plained, form by-passes communicating between the uptake 5 and the top of the oven chamber 2 at various longitudinally spaced apart points of said oven chamber.

The heating of the oven is obtained by means of heating flues extending longitudi-v nallyof the sett-ing and comprising a lateral flue 13 at each side of the oven chamber 2 and a sole flue 14 positioned centrally beneath the oven chamber.

The sole flues 14 are discontinued centrally of the length of the oven by a. por-l tion 15 of the setting.

Each lateral Hue 13is divided centrally of the length of the oven by a vertical partition 16 which extends downwardly fromithe top of the Hue into spaced relation to the, bottom thereof so as to form a port 17 at the bottom of the Hue connecting the two end portions of the Hue.

Extending upwardlyfrom the bottom of each lateral Hue 13 and spaced on each side of the partitions 16 are two vertical partitions 18 which extend into spaced relation to the top of the Hue and form with the central partitions 16 two vertical channels 19 and 20.

Extending from each partition 18 towards either end of the lateral Hues 13 and into spaced relation to the ends thereof are spaced apart horizontal partitions 21 and extending inwardly from each end of the flues 13 and spaced intermediately between the partitions 21 are additional horizontal partitions 22 which extend into spaced relation to the vertical partitions 18.

It will thus be noted that the vertical partitions 16 divide the lateral Hues into two end sections and that the horizontal partitions 21 and 22 divide each end section into a series of successively communicating channels, these channels in the front sections of the Hues being indicated by the numerals 23 and those in the rear sections being indicated by the numerals 24.

The sole Hues 14 communicate with the lowermost channels 23 and 24 through ports 25.

In the bottom of the oven setting at each end thereof and below the oven chamber 2 and the lateral Hues 13 are formed three preheatlng or regenerating chambers 26, 27 and 28 which' are filled with work. This arran ement' of ohequer-brick work is of the or inary type used in this work and it has therefore not been thought necessary to illustrate it as it would compllcate and confuse the dra-wings.

The preheating chambers 26 are at the extreme bottom, and the chambers 27 and 28 are positioned directly thereabove and are separated by a Hue channel 29 above which is a further Hue Fig. 3

Eac preheating chamber 26 communicates with the bottom of its adjacent chamber 27 through ports 31. The chambers 27 communicate with the Hue channels 29 through ports 32 located adjacent to the top of said chambers and at the top of said channels. The ports 33 communicate between the bottom of each Hue channel 29 ande the bottom of the adjacent preheating chamber 28vand ports 34 communicate between the' top of these chambers 28 and the Hue chan nels 30.

.The Hue channels 30 communicate at each side thereof with Hue channels 35 through channel 30 (see chequer-brick Y nemen ports 36 and the inner end of each Hue channel 35 communicates with theinner end of each sole Hue 14 through a central port 37.

The main fines which sup ly air from the atmosphere to a battery o coke ovens, of

.which one oven only is illustrated, are indicated at 38 and 39 and these Hues communicate with the preheating chambers 26 through ports 40.

These main Hues 38 and 39 are controlled by dampers which operate alternately with stack dampers so that, when either of these Hues is connected to the stack, the other is open to the ratmosphere and vice versa. This damper operation is reversible so that either Hue 38 or 39 may be connected to the stack and the other to the atmosphere as desired, so as to reverse the direction of How through the heating lues of the oven, but as this follows standard common construction and is not part of my present invention further detailed description or illustration is not thought necessar Extending throng the oven setting and communicating with the heating Hues at various points thereof are gas burners 4l which provide for the heating of the oven.

The oven setting is provided with numerous inspection orifices 42 each of which is fitted with a removable closure plug 43.

These orifices communicate with the in-` terior of the heating flues and with the preheating 4chambers 26, 27 and 28 and provide for the independent inspection of the various portions thereof during the operation of the oven.

This provision for the inspection of any of the preheating chambers independently during the operation of the oven is an important feature as it permits an accurate check on the temperature or the necessity of repair of the chambers.

The construction and operation of my invention is as follows The operation of the oven as regards the charging with coal through the doors 7, the openlng and closing of the end doors 3 and the removal of the coke from the oven chamber 2 follows standard procedure.

During the 'charging operation, when the oven is nearly filled, the coal lies in piles below the charging doors 7 as indicated in broken lines at A B and C (see Fig. 4), and these piles are broken up and levelled by the usual means which also forms no part of my present invention.

It will be evident that, since the oven is under full heat when being char ed with coal, gas is immediately distilled rom the newly fed coal, which gas should pass di rectly to the uptake 5, but coal entering through the forward door 7 at A prevents the gas distilled towards the rear end of the oven from passing to the uptake so that this gas belches forth through the rear doors 7 to the atmosphere and represents a serious loss in economy and efficiency in the operation of the oven and is also injurious to the oven walls.

It is one of the objectsof my invention to overcome and eliminate this loss, by providing a passage for the gas distilled towards therear of the oven during the charging period, to the uptake 5.

This is accomplished by the by-passes or auxiliary oE-takes 9 located in the oven-set ting at each side of the oven chamber.

These bypasses communicate with the top of the oven chamber throu h ports 11 located at various longitudinal y spaced apart points so that the gas distilled `towards the rear of the oven from the coal at B and C (see Fig. 4) is drawn off through these ports 11 into the by-passes 9 and passes along these hy-passes to the uptake 5.

In order to further increase the effect of these by-passes towards the rear end thereof I restrict them at 12 into the form of a Venturi tube.

The forward ends of the by-passes 9 communicate with the up-take 5 through the ports l() at the front ends thereof.

ln this manner the loss of the gas through the charging doors during the charging period is eliminated thus greatly increasing the economy and efficiency of the oven.

rl`he usual steam jet 6 is provided in the uptake 5 for increasing the draft towards the uptake.

rllhe operation of the heating Hues will now be described.

Assuming that the air damper in the main flue 38 is open so that this flue is in communication with the atmosphere, the air damper on main flue 39 will be closed and this flue will be in communication with the stack.

rlhe flow through the heating flues will then be from the main flues 38 towards the Hue 39 and thence to the stack.

rlhe path through the heating flues in this case is indicated by the arrows in the drawings and is as follows From the main flue 38 into the forward preheating chamber 26 through the port 40, into the preheating chamber 27, through ports 31, upwardly through this chamber 27 from the top thereof through. the ports 32 into the flue channel 29 and from the bottom thereof into the bottom of the preheating chamber 28 through the ports 33, upwardly through this chamber 28 and from the top thereof into the flue channel 30 through the ports 34. from this flue channel 30 into the lateral flues 35 through the ports 36, rearwardly through the flues 35 and into the inner end of the forward sole flue 14 through the port 37, forwardly through this sole flue 14 and into the lowermost flue channel 23 through the ports 25.

The path of the gases is then upwardly through the forward banks of the flue channels 23 at each side of the oven chamber, the gases passing alternately, rearwardly and forwardly in a general upward direction through these channels 23.

The gases then pass downwardly through the vertical flue channels 19 into the bottom of the vertical flue channels 2O .through the ports 17 at the center of the oven setting.

The path is then upwardly, through the flue channel 20 to the top of the oven setpreheating chamber and from the bottom thereof through ports 33 into the bottom of the rearward flue channel 29, upwardly through this channel 29 and from the top thereof through ports 32 into the rearward preheating chamber 27, thence downwardly through this preheating chamber 27 and from the bottom thereof into the rearward preheating chamber 26 through ports 31.

From this rearward preheating chamber 26 they pass through the port 40 into the main flue 39 and thence to the stack.

The flucs are heated after the usual manner by gas jets 41 above described.

At certain predetermined intervals of time, generally about fifteen minutes, the dampers in the' main flues 38 and 39 are reversed so as to place the flue 38 1nto communication with the stack and the flue 39 into communication with the atmosphere, thus reversing the direction of the flow throughthe heating filles from the main flue 39 towards` the flue 38.

After this reversal, the path through the fines is by the same means as previously described but in the reverse direction.

From the foregoing it will be noted that, by the peculiar disposition of the partitions within the lateral flues 13, the direction of flow through these fines is automatically reversed centrally of the oven, being in a general upward direction through one half and a general downward direction through the other half.y

This reversal of flow is obtained automatically by stationary means and is independent of the usual reversal at predetermined intervals by means of the dampers in the main tlues 38 and 39.

In order to obtain a uniform coking operation and to obtain uniformity in the distillation of volatile gases, it is essential that the greatest possible uniformity of heating throughout the entire oven be obtained which uniformity of heating is satisfactorily accomplished in my design.

After the flow has continued for a certain time in one direction, say from the main flue 38 towards the main flue 39, the chequerwork brick Within the rearward preheating chambers 26, 27 and 28 has become highly heated and when the flow is reversed, these chambers provide for the preheating of the air before it enters the flues proper.

By my arrangement of flues an extremely uniform heating throughout the oven is 0btained.

Hitherto considerable difficulty has been experienced in efficiently and uniformly heating at the central portion of the length of the oven and one of the objects of my invention has been to overcome this.

It has been found that an increased localized heating effect is obtained at the points of reversal of direction of How of the Hue gases and by the disposition of my flues whereby this reversal takes place a considerable number of times at the center of the oven length a very elicient heating of this portion of the oven is accomplished.

While I have shown the same number of horizontal flues at each end of the oven this arrangementcould readily be altered to provide more reversals at one end than at the other as might be desired to suit local requirements.

The peculiar disposition of the preheating chambers 26, 27 and 28 enable the convenient inspection and repair of these chambers to be carried out.

From the foregoing it will be observed that I have devised valuable improvements in coke oven construction whereby the economy and efficiency of the oven is greatly increased and whereby a more uniform heating of the oven is obtained thus resulting in a more uniform coking operation and a greater uniformity in the products of distillation.

Various modifications may be made in my invention without departing from the spirit thereof or the scope of the claim and there fore the exact forms shown are to be taken as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense and I desire, that only such limitations shall be placed thereon as are imposed by the prior art or are specifically set forth in the appended claim.

What I claim as my invention is:

In a coke oven in combination, a horizontally elongated oven setting having front and rear ends and an oven chamber extending longitudinally therethrough from front to rear end of the setting, the setting formed with combustion chambers extending longitudinally therethrough on opposite sides of the oven chamber, of a primary vertical battle in each of said combustion chambers and disposed intermediately of the length thereof, and extending downwardly from the top thereof into spaced relation from the bottom thereof thereby forming a port at the bottom, said battle dividing the same combustion chamber into two end sections communicating with each other through said port, two additional vertical baiies in each of said combustion chambers and extending upwardly from the bottom thereof into spaced relation to the top thereof and disposed respectively on opposite sides of and spaced from the aforesaid .primary vertical batiie therein and forming vertical lues on opposite sides of said primary vertical baffle, horizontally disposed spaced apart battles in each of said combustion chambers and eX- tending forwardly and rearwardly from said additional vertical baffles therein and away from said primary vertical baille therein and into spaced relation to the front and rear ends respectively of the same combustion chamber, and additional horizontal baiiies in each of said combustion chambers and disposed intermediately between the aforementioned horizontal batiles and spaced therefrom and extending inwardly from the outer ends of the same combustion chamber into spaced relation to said additional vertical baies in the same combustion chamber.

JOSEPH STEPHENSON.

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