US1999780A - Regenerative chamber oven for the production of coke and gas - Google Patents

Description

Aprifl 30, 1935. PETSCH 11,999,789

REGENERATIVE CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COKE AND GAS Filed March 16, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet l IA Jnrenfor:

a Hams/1r; Pefs'd/ April 3@, 1935.. H. PETSCH 9 3 REGENERATIVE CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COKE AND GAS Filed March 16, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 April 3U), 11935. H. PETSCZH 1, 5

REGENERATIVE CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COKE AND GAS Filed March 16, 1931 5 Sheets5hee-t f5 l I I l l I x 1 Patented Apr. 30, 1935 uNiro rEs REGENERATIVE CHAIWBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION'OF COKE AND GAS Hermann Petsch, Recklinghausen, Germany, as-

signer to Carl Still Gesellschaft mit beschranlrter Haftung, Recklinghausen,

Ger-

many, a corporation ofGermany Application March 16, 1931, Serial No. 523,090

' In Germany March 22, 1930 1 Claim; (01. 202-135) regenerative chambers is arranged in parallel in each half of the substructure of the oven, extending in the form of tunnels over the whol length of the battery.' 7

A characteristic feature of the invention consists in the provision in each half of the substructure of two pairs (four in all) of regenerator chambers arranged in parallel and supporting walls between or by the side of all the chambers. In a particular form of construction, the two pairs of regenerative chambers adjoining the external sides of the oven battery are adapted for preheating gas for combustion or selectively either the gas or air for combustion, while the other pair of regenerator chambers arranged towards the middle of the oven are provided exclusively for preheating the air for combustion. lihis construction is adapted for working the oven with poor gas, that is gas of low calorific value, which usually requires preheating, or also for working selectively with either poor gas or rich gas. 1

A further characteristic feature of the invention, which can be used when the chamber ovens are heated with preheated poor gas, consists in a special arrangement of the passages for leading the combustion media, gas and air, preheated in the said regenerators, into the heating fiues. An object of the latter arrangement is to improve the combustion and heating process in the flues forming the heating walls.

An embodiment of the invention is represented by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figs. 1a and lb, which are to be combined, are vertical longitudinal sections; Fig. 1a is a section through an ovenchamber on the line Iala of Figs. 2 and 3, and Fig; lb is a section through a heating Wall of a horizontal coke oven on the line Ib-Ib of Figs. 2 and 3.

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section on the line II--II of Fig. la, and Fig. 3 is a vertical crosssection on the line III-III of Fig. 1b.

Each of the two last-mentioned cross-sections include a part of the whole battery, comprising three heating walls or oven chambers.

The oven is adapted according to the usual construction for a reversal of the direction of flow of the products of combustion, so that at any time one half of the heating walls is heated by the ascending gases for combustion, while the other half of the heating walls istraversed by the descending waste gases flowing to the regenerators. Within the heating walls are vertical heating fiues H in which the products of combustion are burnt from below upwards. Below each half of the heating walls there is a gas distributing passage a with nozzles b for rich gas which is connected by means of pipes f and cooks h with both gas mains 9. Below the oven chambers K (Figs. 2 and 3) are alternatelyarranged pairs of sole fiues c and (1, each of which extends over one half of the oven. The flues c are connected by branch passages m and the fiues d by branch passages .11. with vertical distributing ducts i or 7' provided in the partition walls s and t of the flues H, and are provided with lateral outlets e or 0 at different levels in the heating fiues H.

In each substructure half of the oven, that is both in Fig. 1a and Fig. lb, there are two pairs of parallel regenerator chambers R or L, that is altogether four chambers, which extend in the form of tunnels over the whole oven battery and are separated by walls M which act as pillars supporting the whole upper structure. The regenerator chambers R, as shown in Fig. 2, are divided by vertical partition walls into as many separate chambers as there are heating walls, while the regenerator chambers L, as shown in Fig. 3, extend freely without such partitions over the whole length of the oven battery. Above each separate chamber of the regenerators R there is a horizontal inspection channel U provided (Figs. 1a and 1b) with a sight opening it in the front end of the oven. These regenerative chambers R communicate by small hollow shafts r with the flues c in the oven sole and the regenerators L communicate by similar shafts I with the flues d in the chamber sole. The crowns of all the regenerator chambers containing shafts r or Z are, preferably, formed as shown in Figs. 1a and 11) by inclined projections V of the walls M separating the chambers, obviating the provision of the roof arches, with the drawback of their lateral thrusts, which would otherwise be necessary. Passages w are provided below the regenerator chambers R and are connected by elbow pieces 2 with the waste gas collecting flues Q extending over the whole length of the battery and leading to the chimney stack. Hinged covers no for opening into the atmosphere are provided at the elbow pieces a and closing flaps y are provided in the passage leading to the flues Q. Branch pipes q from the elbow pieces 2 form the connection by means of the cocks h with the gas mains g.

Below the regenerator chambers L are flues P which communicate with the regenerators by hollow shafts p and extend also over the whole length of the battery and are provided at the end of the battery with a reversing valve (not shown), so that at any time the flues P of the one half of the oven, for example Fig. la, serve for drawing in the air for combustion, while,

at the same time, the flues P of the other half of the oven, Fig. lb, lead away the waste gases to the chimney'stack.

The sole flues c and 01 serve, when the corresponding half of the heating walls is heated by ascending burning gases, for the distribution over this half of the heating walls of the preheated gas or air for combustion withdrawn from the regenerators R and L to the individual heating flues H. The necessary connection of the flues c and d for this purpose with the heating flues H is, according to a feature of the invention, established by the vertical ducts i and 7' arranged in the partitions of the heating walls, which ducts are provided with a plurality of outlets e or 0 arranged at, different levels and are connectedbelow by the branch passages m and n with the fines, cand d. The arrangement is such that atany time the ducts i of the even numberedjpartition walls 3 are connected with the fines c and the regenerators R, while, on the other hand, the ducts y of the alternate oddnumbered partition walls t are connected with the flues cl and the regenerators L.

Also, in the described arrangement, according to the invention, there may be the further feature that the cross-sections of the outlets e of one group of ducts z'are different from the crosssections of the outlets 0 of the other group of ducts 7'. The object and the result of this par ticular arrangement are explained later.

The coke oven as described is adapted for the selective heatingby either poor or rich gas. In heating with poor gas, the action is as follows:

The gas mains g are supplied with poor gas. The pipes J, which are provided for rich gas, are shut ofi from the gas mains g, the branch pipes q have free connection up to the cooks h. The covers a: on the elbow pieces a are permanently closed on both sides of the oven as shown in Figs. 1a and 11). On the assumption, that the right half of the heating walls, corresponding to Fig. 1b, is to be heated by the gas and the left half of the heating walls carries away the waste combustion gases, the valves 1/ are opened on the elbow pieces a on the left half side and closed on the right half side. The heating gas passes from the gas main 9 on the right (Fig. 1b) through the open cook it and the pipe q into the elbow piece 2 and from, there through the passage 11), forming a continuation of the elbow piece, into the pair of gas regenerators R on the right hand side, then through the hollow shaft 1* into the flues c on the right hand side, through the branch passage in into the vertical ducts i of the partition walls 8 and from these through the lateral openings 6, which are dis tributed at different levels, into the heating flues H.

The air for combustion flows from the reversing valve (not shown) at the end of the battery into the flues P, shown in Fig. 1b, thence through the hollow shafts p into the regenerator chambers L and through the upper shaftsl' into the sole flues d, from them through the branch passages 72 into the vertical ducts y'of the partition walls 15 and then through the lateral outlets 0, also at diiferent levels, into the flues H, in which the ignition of the air and gas occurs step by step at the various levels. The mass of burnt gases flows within the heating walls into the upper horizontal collecting flue o, from there is discharged into the fiues H on the left half of the heating walls, and is withdrawn through the ducts i and a onthat side into the corresponding sole flues c and d which lead to the regenerators R and L (Fig. 1a). The waste gases from the one pair of regenerators R are withdrawn through the passages w lying below them and the elbow pieces a into the waste gas flue Q on the left half side, and from there to the chimney stack. The waste gases from the other pair of regenerators L are withdrawn through the hollow shafts p into the fiues P and pass through the reversing valve at their end into the chimney stack. After a certain period of working, the reversal of flow is effected in the usual manner, so that, conversely, the left half of the heating walls is supplied with fresh gas for combustion and that on the right hand is traversed by the discharged products of combustion.

When the oven is heated with rich gas the action is as follows:--

The gas mains g are supplied in this case with rich gas. The pipes are open to the cocks h, the pipes q are closed. The gas for combustion is led to the side of the oven which is to be heated through the distributing flues a. and the nozzles b at the foot of each flue H. The action of the regenerators L for preheating the air for combustion is the same as described in connection with heating with poor gas. The regenerators R, which are used in heating with poor gas for preheating the gas, are, in the caseof rich gas heating, utilized for preheating air for combustion. It is assumed, as in the previous example, that the half of the heating walls on the right hand side, corresponding to Fig. 1b, is heated by the gas and the left half of the heating walls is traversed by the discharged products of combustion.- In this stage of working, the valves yon the right side of the oven (that is in Fig. lb) in the elbow pieces a which lead to the waste ga s flue Q are closed; on the other hand, the covers as are open to the atmosphere. On the opposite left side of the oven (Fig. 1a) conversely, the valves :1 in the elbow pieces .2 are open and the covers as closed. 7

While the rich gas serving as the heating medium flows from below upwards through the distributing passage a on the right hand side (Fig. 1b) and the-nozzles b into the flues H on that side, fresh air is drawn through the open cover a:

on the right hand side into the elbow piece a and into each chamber of the regenerators R. The preheated air for'combustion flows through the hollow shafts r into the sole flues 0 through the branch passages m into the ducts 2' of the partition Walls :3 and through the lateral outlets e into the heating flues H. At the same time further air for combustion flows, as in the previous example, from the reversing valve (not shown) at the end of the. battery into the flues P shown inlevels into the fiues H and causes the combustion. of the rich gas, introduced at the foot of each flue through. the nozzles b, in acorresponding number of stages. The burnt gases are led within the heating walls over the horizontal maincollecting flue 12 into the flues H on the left side of the oven hand, flowing downward through these, are withdrawn exactly as in the previous example through all the regenerators R and L of that side of the oven and over the flues P and Q into the chimney stack. Also in this case theworking is changed over from one to the other side of the oven in the usual manner of reversing.

The previously described supply of the combustion media, heating gas and air through the ducts i and a and through the various lateral outlets e and arranged at different levels of the ducts, requires, obviously, in order to obtain a uniform heating at all levels by the combustion at the different stages, that the outlets e and 0 should be suitably dimensioned in order to secure that the quantities of the combustion media introduced at the various levels should be correctly proportioned. When heating with poor gas, where both combustion media, the gas and air are introduced at diiferent levels into the heating flues, it is not absolutely necessary that both substances should be distributed in similar proportions to the different levels. It is sufiicient if, for example, the air for combustion is distributed in the correct proportion over the whole height, so long as the quantities of the other combustion medium, the gas, varying from the bottom upwards, are at least proportional to, or in excess of, the air, since, obviously, the quantity of the combustion material, of which there is the smallest amount available, that is, on the present assumption, the air, determines the extent of the combustion in each individual step. The limit case of this kind where the proportions are differentiated as explained is effected by the rich gas heating, since then the whole of the heating gas enters directly the bottom of the flue and there is an excess of gas in proportion to the air at all levels except at the uppermost position of the air supply.

Owing to these conditions, the arrangement can advantageously be such that the cross-sections of the outlets e for the one group of ducts i differ from those of the outlets oof the other group. In this way, it is clear that the quantities of air for combustion which are introduced into the various levels, when heating with poor gas, in which case the air is only supplied through one group of ducts a, can be proportioned differently than when heating with rich gas, in which case the air is supplied in common through both groups of ducts i and 7'. This difference in proportioning the air, respectively, in the two conditions of heating can be utilized, if, in dependence on the properties of the two gases, diiierent quantities of air are distributed for the production and transmission of the same quantity of heat. Also, by the change in the distribution of the proportions of the air, can allow to a certain extent, for example, for the difierent rates of combustion of rich and poor gas. The invention provides, therefore, means for very considerably adapting and modulating the arrangements in ovens of the present type, so that a uniform heating at different levels is ensured, when the heating conditions are varied by employing gases of very different properties.

The above-described construction of the substructure of the oven according to the invention, in which each half of the oven is provided with two pairs of regenerator chambers connected in parallel, that is altogether four regenerators, with the intermediate supporting walls, has considerable advantages as regards the stability of the oven and the construction of the regenerator chambers themselves. The whole of the lower part of the oven can be utilized for the arranging of the regenerators, while still allowing room for strong supporting walls of considerable thickness. At the same time the uniform grouping of the supporting walls over the length of the oven provides a very satisfactory and uniform support for the whole upper structure of the oven. This is due to the fact that, if the supporting walls expand vertically when heated, there is a uniform effect in the vertical direction on the whole sole of the oven chamber, so that the chamber soles remain uniformly flat and horizontal. Also, by the arrangement according to the invention of four regenerators in each half of the oven, the regenerator chambers have, such dimensions parallel to the length of the oven chambers, that the same are sufiiciently wide for convenient passage and working of men during construction and also for fitting and completing the chequer-work, While, on the other hand, they are small enough to ensure a suitable constructional design.

Only in this way would it be possible, for example, to obviate the provision of an arch at the upper portion of each chamber, and to enable it to be replaced by inclined extensions of the supporting side Walls. The omission of the arch is especially important because the roofs of regenerators must be pierced by the necessary passages which considerably weaken the arched roofs. Four is the best number of regenerators in each half of the substructure and affords the greatest advantage. If the number of the regenerator chambers were increased, the width both of the chambers and of the supporting partition walls, would be unavoidably diminished and would unfavourably detract from the stability of the substructure of the oven. The arrangement in which the four regenerator chambers of each half of the substructure are combined into two pairs connected in parallel is particularly convenient for regenerative ovens adapted for poor gas heating, since both these pairs of regenerators can be utilized for preheating two different mediums for combustion, namely, heating gas and air. The arrangement according to the invention of the regenerators is not restricted to the example shown in the drawings in which the heating walls are divided into two halves operating alternately as the flow of the products is reversed. On account of the plurality of regenerators provided, the heating walls may be divided into more than two groups of fiues and these can be connected with corresponding regenerators working alternately on reversal of the flow. Obviously, in this respect the arrangement according to the invention gives considerable scope in the design.

What I claim is:

A coking chamber, a heating wall therefor, said heating wall comprising a row of vertical combustion fiues, a duct in each of the partitions between each two adjacent combustion fiues, said duct connecting with each of said two combustion fiues at a plurality of levels, a regenerator communicating with the ducts in the alternate partitions in apart of said row, a separate regenerator communicating with the ducts in the intermediate partitions in said part of said row, a regenerator communicating with the ducts in the alternate partitions in the remainder of said row, and a separate regenerator communicating with the intermediate ducts in said remainder of said row.

HERMANN PETSCI-I.

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