US1603992A

US1603992A - Coking retort oven

Info

Publication number: US1603992A
Application number: US668027A
Authority: US
Inventors: Sommer Max
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1922-09-25
Filing date: 1923-10-11
Publication date: 1926-10-19
Anticipated expiration: 1943-10-19

Description

Oct. 19 1926.

4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 11, 1923 l WNQRLMM COKING RETORT OVEN mmmmmxmmwx MWQLMRX Oct. 19 1926.

1,603,992 M. SOMMER coKING nToRT ovEN Filed oet. 11, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 19 1926.

1,603,992 M. soMMER COKING RETORT OVEN Filed oct. 11, 1923 4 sheets-sheet' 3 Oct. 19, 192e. l 1,603,992

M. SOMMER COKING RETORT OVEN Filed Oct. 11, 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patentes oa. lift-192e `UNITED'fis-TA""i"'E1s4 PATENT l OFFICE.

sonnen, or assen-nona, annum.

como nn'ron'r ovini.

metastases-berater 11, ma, sel-iai nu. 668,027, and in Germany september as, 1922.

My invention refers to cokingv retort ovens havingfcoking chambers arranged side by side, with intermediate heating walls and reversible regeneratorsserving said' walls. More. `particularly my invention relates to coking retort ovens ofthe Koppers type having a separate. regenerator for each pair of I heating walls.` 4

It is an objectpfmy invention toincrease l the heating efficiency and operating facilities 'of cokin retort/ovens opt-'the above type.

As is we l'knownto those skilled inthe art, in coking retort ovens of this ,type with vertical heating tluesand alternate reversal of the `direction of the heating gases, the up,- per horizontal or busiue connecting the up'- per ends of the vertical heating iues gives rise to disturbances in the uniform distribution of the heating gases over the entire sur-v face of the heating wall. For reasons of construction, thecross sectional area of this flue can be only comparatively small and nevertheless vthe exhaust gases from .all the heating fines on one side of the'oven mustbe given free passage through it. Now, the

'quantities ot suchexhaust gases will be especially great in the case where the voven is heated lwith poor gas, lbecause poorV gas, such asordinary producergass laden with incombustible particles. The same applies in the case where the oven is heated with coke oven gas 'diluted with'smoke gas -in order to adapt the operation of the oven to poor gas heating, as in such a case the smoke gas alsoV carries with it such incornbustible particles.

In order to dispense altogether with the upper horizontal fines, it has been proposed by several designers of coke oven batteries to conduct the exhaust gases Vfrom the heating flues on one side of a coking chamber across this chamber to the heating 'lues on the other side of this chamber. Amongst others, the well known Munich type of'coke ovens lwith yobliquely extending coking'chamvbers is .built on this plan. However, in

order to cause the exhaust gases to'thus pass across the coking or distillation chamber,

longitudinal partitions must be'v provided within -each individual regenerator. ,Inesmuch, now, as on one 'side of such a partition, which, as a rule, is about 10-11 meters long and about 3 meters high, the gases iiow upwards and onthe other side downwards,

considerable differences 0f pressure occur on the dil'erent sides of this partition, ranging lcombine a number of coking from 8 to 15 millimeters water column. Moreover, the brickwork in the lower portion'of the regenerators expands much less than the walls mounted thereon and, in consequence thereof, these expansions give rise to lissures in" the partition which allow gases to pass throu h from one side to the other'. Owing to te arrangement of this partition, the regenerator chambers become so narrow as to be almost inaccessible. If the necessityarises of inspecting the Iwalls, not only the checker work, but also one of the' walls must be removed in order to get access to the adjoining wall or partition.

In order-'to overcome these drawbacks, I ovens of the well known Koppers type, aving each a separate regenerator, into a group or unit by means of passage ways extending on top of and at right angles to the oven chambers 1n such way, that in each group a plurality of heating walls is simultaneously heated in upward direction, the exhaust gases being led across the chambers and downwards in contact with an equal number of adjoining walls connected in parallel. By thus subdividing a battery of coke ovens into groups of four, six or eight ovens each, only a single partition extending longitudinally of a regenerator is required in the middle and one at either end of each group or rather intermediate two such groups, the gases rising on one side and descending on the other side of this partition. pressure below the normal always prevailing in the direction towards the-chimney. The other regenerators of each group are unobstructed by partitions and can easily be inspected after the checker Work is removed. I further cause two adjoining groups or units to be operated in such a way that the .gases always travel a number of coking chambers, rows of heatingflues and regenerators assembled into a self-contained group or unit, showing also the partition in the middle regenerator subdividing the group in two halves and the partitions at either end separating this group-from other groups adjoining it.

Fig. 221 is a diagram showing in plan one of the passage ways extending across the group of chambers and heating fines. with the cross-sectional 'areas of the different parts of the passage way indicated in a conventional manner.

Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of ajbattery of coke ovens showing a number of groups of coking chambers, heating ues and regenerators separated by partitions 57 inthe end regenerators and subdivided in halves by partitions 18 in the middle regenerators, the direction of travel of the gases being indicated by arrows.y

F 1g. 4 is a similar view showing the gases travelling in opposite direction.

Fig. 5 1s another transverse section of the oven showing a coking chamber, a regenerator below the same and the passage ways on top, with the coke oven gas, producer and waste gas mains arranged at the opposite corners of the regenerator.

lof eight complete Referring to the drawings, 8, 8 are supporting or pillar walls and 12, l2 are the regenerators separated by such walls and filled with checker work as usual. 10, 10 are the coking or distillation chambers arranged above the regenerators, the heating -walls 9, 9 contiguous to lthese chambers being freely supported in a well known manner. Rows of `vertical heating iiues 11, 11 extending transversely of the' oven intermediate each two coking chambers are in open communication with the regenerators, each regenerator serving two adjoining rows of heating iues. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, partitions 57, 57, each extending lengthwise of a regenerator, subdivide the ovens of a battery into self-contained groups or units coking chambers 10, one such chamber at either end belonging to two adjoining oups. Eight complete regenerators an two half regenerators at either end serve the nine rows of heating lues 11 extending intermediate the heating walls of the coking chambers. Vertical access lues 50 communicate with the rows of heating fines; sliding bricks 51 serve for varying the cross-sectional area of the exhaust, removable covers 55-close the upper ends of the access fiues. A partition wall 18 extending lengthwise of the middle regenerator and transversely of the oven supports the middle coking chamber and subdivides the group into halves. Nine passage ways 14 extending on top of and across each group of ovens, the cross-sectional area of these passage ways increasing from the ends towards the middie as shown in Fig. 2a. As shown in Fig. 1, each passage way communicates with three fines l1 out of each row of llues of a group, communication being established by way of the access lues 50 and short passages 53. The passage ways are arranged betweenthe charging openings 15 (Fig. 5) of the coking chambers and past the gas outlets 16.

Figs. 3 and 4 show three and onehalf groups of ovens separated by partitions 57. The arrows show that the heating gases rise in the left hand halves, marked l and 5, of the lirst and third group (counting from the left) and in the right hand half, marked 4, of the second group, while they descend in the other halves. Thus, the adjoining halves (2 and 3 or 4 and 5 or 6 and 7) of adjoining groups are traversed by gases travelling in the same direction whereby the pressures on either side of the partitions 57 are approximate] equal.

In preheating t e air and gas, as required in heating with poor gas, where air and gas regenerators alternate with each other, -I prefer disposing air regenerators on either side of the end partitions, these regenerators being supplied alternately with air and waste gas. I thereby prevent these partitions from getting in contact with the heating gases.

ln order to provide for the circumstance that the coking chambers are not prismatic, but taper conically towards the side where the coke is expelled, of coal to be distilled increases towards this side, I cause the 'heating of the walls to be increased towards this side in a predetermined manner. This is efected either by causing the cross-sectional areas of thc passageways 14 to increase in proportion, as indicated in Fig. 5, or by correspondingly throttling the heating ues l1 by means of the sliding bricks 51. I thereby obtain a comparatively wards the side of expulsion and a more uniform carbonization in the unit of time.

In order to provide for a uniform distribution of heat over the entire length of the coking chambers, in spite of the fact that the gas supply channel 56 (Fig. l) now extends ai ross the entire width of the oven, and in spite of the tact that the coking gas supply channels are liable to be clogged by the carbon separating out in consequence ot theI heavy liydrocarbons being decomposed at high ten'iperatures, l so control the snp. ply ot' air and gas, that on each reversal air is introduced from the side opposite to the entrance of the gas and under increased pressure, whereby the gas supply channel and the nozzles are cooled by the air.

1n order to render possible the supply ot' heating gases and the exhaust of waste gas in accordance with the particular arrangement of groups of ovens, more especialwhereby the quantityL more vigorous heating to-Y ly when heating' with strong gas diluted by smoke gas, I arrange at one side of the battery (Fig. the waste gas main 19 communicating by bends 2() with channels 21 which is conne'ted near the middle with the distributing main k2?) by an opening 22. On the other side of the oven is disposed the air supply main 24 communicating by bends 25 with channel 26 which is connected by openings 2T with the distributing main 23. Sideways of the air suppl main 24 is arranged the supply main 28 or the smoke gas designed to dilute the strong gas supplied from main 29, the poor gas main being marked 30. The

channels

21 and 26 might as well be dispensed with, the bends and 25 then giving directly into the distributing main 23. 40, 4,0 are the reversing valves controlling' the strong gas main, 41 those of the poor gas main, 42 are the air reversing valves.

The oven is arranged for a selective opera- `tion with rich gas (which is the'gas produced by distillation in the oven itself) or with a poor gas (producer gas or blast-furnace gas). Inasniuch as the poor gas has a lower heating value, it must be preheated in order to attain the iiame temperature in the heating fiues 11 which is necessary for the coking of the coal Iin the chambers 10. When operating the oven with rich gas, merely .the air need be preheated.

To this end .the regenerators 12 are connectedeach with two rows of heating flues 11 whereby it is possible to preheat the air as well as the poor gas in the checker work of the regenerators by alternately supplying the adjacent regenerators with air and with gas respectively.

In operating with poor gas the proportion of gas and air is about 1 :1, so that the operator is at liberty to selec-t any regeneratol for` the preheating of the gas. Preferably however, the bend and the channel 30 connecting the air and gas ilues with the. regenerators 12 are arranged'in such manner that on either side of the partition 18 (Fig. 2) .only air or gases of combustion can be present, in order to prevent a combustible mixture to be formed inA cases Where a leak age should occurl through the partition 18.

In operating the furnace with poor gas, ai first one half of the regenerators belonging to a battery (Fig. 2) is supplied from below with gas and Vair which are preheated in contact with the checkerwork in the regenerators and enter the heating flues 11 where the combustion takes place. The gases of combustion now enter t e passage ways 14 arranged in the top wall of the oven and flowing in the longitudinal direction of the battery are distributed onto the heating flues 1l of the other half 1. In the heating flues 11 of this group of chambers the gases fiowing in downward direction enter the respective regenerators, whereby they transmit their heat to the checkerwork and thereafter escape through the distributing main 23 and channels 21 into the waste gas main. About every half hour the direction of flow is reture of the gas and preheated air now takes 3 plate in the heating iues 11. In all other respects the further travel of the gases is the same as described with reference to the operation with poor gas.

No matter whether the oven is operated with poor gas or with rich gas, the same quantities of waste gas are obtained by unit of time so that the velocity of flow of the gases in the heating iiues, distributing mains and regenerators are the same in either case. If operating with richgas, the proportion of gas and air is about 1:4, 5.

I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described, for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

I claim 1. A coking retort oven comprising in combination, a series of coking chambers arranged side by side with the intermediate walls thereof common to the conti nous chambers, eachof said walls containing a row of vertical combustion lues, regeneratorsunderneath and communicating with said combustion flues atthe bottoms thereof, a bus flue above said chambers and communicating with said combustion ues at the tops thereof and regenerator connection connecting at least four such rows of combustion tlues to form a separate group or unit in such manner that iow may take place in one direction in all of the tlues of all of the contiguous rows of combustion tlues of one half of such rows of flues of said unit and in the opposite direction in all of the flues of the contiguous rows of combustion fines of the other half of the rows of combustion flues of the same unit.

2. A coking retort oven comprising in combination, a series of coking chambers arranged side by side with the intermediate walls thereof common to the contiguous chambers, each of said walls containing a row of vertical combustion fines, regenerators underneath and communicating with .said combustion iues at the bottoms thereof, a bus fiue above said chambers and communicating with said combustion fiues at 1 the tops thereof and regenerator connection llO connecting at least four such rows of combustion flues to form a separate group or unit in such manner that flow ma take place in one direction in all of the ues of all of the contiguous rows of combustion llues of one half of such rows of iiues of said unit and in the opposite direction in all of the iiues of the contiguous rows of combustion iiues of the other half of the rows of combustion flues of the same unit, the cro's-sectional area of said bus flue inf creasing from the two ends towards the middle. y

3. A coking retort oven comprising in combination, a Series of coking chambers arranged side by side with the intermediate walls thereof common to the contiguous chambers, each of said walls containing a row of vertical combustion fines, regenerators underneath and communicating with said combustion lines at the bottoms thereof, separate bus iiues above said ychambers and communicating with said combustion liues at the tops thereof and regenerator connection connecting at least four such rows of combustion lues to form a separate group or unit 'in such manner that flow may take place in one direction in all`of the flues-of.

all of the contiguous rows of combustion llues of one half of such rows of lues of said unit and in the opposite direction in all of the flues of the contiguous rows of combustion lues of the other half of the rows of combustion fiues of the same unit, the communication of each of said bus lues with said combustion fiues being with the combustion flues of a single unit only, said retort comprising at least three of said units and partitions separating the regenerators at both ends of an inner unit of said units from the regenerators in the adjoining units.

4. A- coking retort oven comprising inA combination` a series of coking chambers arranged side by side with the intermediate walls thereof common to the conti ous chambers, each of said walls containlng a row of vertical combustion flues, regenerators underneath and communicating with said combustion lues at the bottoms thereof, separate bus flues above said chambers and communicating with said lcombustion iiues at ,the tops thereof and regenerator connection connecting at least four such rows of combustion tlues to form a separate group cr unit in such manner that iiow may take place in one direction in all ot the fines of all of the contiguous rows of combustion ilues of one half ofsuch rows of iues of said unit and in the opposite direction in all of the fines of the contiguous rows of combustion fines of the other half of the rows of combustion flues of the same unit, the communication of each of said bus iiues with said combustion lines being with the combastion fines of a single unit only, of said said combustion iiues retort comprising at least three of saidvunits, partitions separating the regenerators at bothends of an inner unit of said units from the regenerators in the adjoining units, and the ilues of said one half of such rows of [lues of a unitto travel in the same direction as the gas in the lues of a contiguous' said one .halt of` such rows of iiues of an adjoining unit.

5. A coking retort oven comprising 1n combination, a plurality of parallel lorizontally elongated coking chambers, rows of vertical heating ues' intermediate said chambersand more than two passa e ways extending on top of and across sai chambers and rows of fines, each passage way eing in open communication with only a part of the liues of each row of lues. l

6. A coking retort oven comprising in combination, a series of coking chambers arranged side by side with the intermediate walls thereof common to the contiguous chambers, each of said walls containmg a row of vertical combustion fines, regenerators underneath and communicating with said combustion ilues at the bottoms thereof, separate bus ilues above said chambers and communicating with said combustion fines at the tops thereof-and regenerator connection connecting atleast four such rowsof combustion flues to form a separate group or unit in such manner that flow may take place in one direction in all of the tlues of all of the contiguous rows of combustion lues of one half of such rows of'jlues of said unit and in the opposite direction in all' of l the fines of the contiguous rows ofcombustion iiues of the other halt` of the rows of combustion flues of the same unit, the communication of eachv of said bus ilues 'with being with the combustion flues of a single unit only, said retort comprising at least three of said units, partitions separating the regenerators at both ends of an inner unit of said units from the regenerators in the adjoining units, and means for causing the gases in the iiues of said one half of such rows of iiues of a unit to travel in the same direction as the gas in the flues of a contiguous said one half-of such rows of iues of an adoining unit, the cross-sectional area of each of said bus flues increasing from the two ends thereof toward the middle thereof.

7. A coking retort oven comprising in combination, a series of coking chambers ar ranged side walls thereof common to the conti ous chambers, each of said walls containing a row of vertical combustion fines, regenerators underneath and communicating with said combustion-dues at the bottoms thereof, a bus ue above said chambers and communicating with said combustion ues at the tops thereof and regenerator connection llt;

by side with the intermediate connecting at least four such rows of combustion fines to form a separate group or unitin such manner that ow may take place in one direction in all of the flues of al1 of the contiguous rows of combustion ues of one half of such rows of'flues of said unit and in the opposite direction in all of the ilues of the contiguous rows of combustion lues of the other half of the rows of oombustion ues of the same unit, a waste gas 10 main connecting said regenerators on one side of the oven and im air supply main and a 'smoke gas supply main communicating with the lower part of said regenerators on the other side of the oven.

In testimony whereof I aflix my sgna ture.