US10450230B2 - Fire resistant eco concrete blocks containing waste glass - Google Patents

Fire resistant eco concrete blocks containing waste glass Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US10450230B2
US10450230B2 US15/716,488 US201715716488A US10450230B2 US 10450230 B2 US10450230 B2 US 10450230B2 US 201715716488 A US201715716488 A US 201715716488A US 10450230 B2 US10450230 B2 US 10450230B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
recycled
aggregates
composition
concrete block
construction waste
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active, expires
Application number
US15/716,488
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
US20190092685A1 (en
Inventor
Binmeng CHEN
Honggang Zhu
Man Lung Sham
Yifei Yan
Bo Li
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nano and Advanced Materials Institute Ltd
Original Assignee
Nano and Advanced Materials Institute Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nano and Advanced Materials Institute Ltd filed Critical Nano and Advanced Materials Institute Ltd
Priority to US15/716,488 priority Critical patent/US10450230B2/en
Assigned to NANO AND ADVANCED MATERIALS INSTITUTE LIMITED reassignment NANO AND ADVANCED MATERIALS INSTITUTE LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ZHU, HONGGANG, SHAM, MAN LUNG, LI, BO, CHEN, BINMENG, YAN, YIFEI
Priority to CN201810018114.7A priority patent/CN109553423B/zh
Publication of US20190092685A1 publication Critical patent/US20190092685A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US10450230B2 publication Critical patent/US10450230B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/22—Glass ; Devitrified glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
    • C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
    • C04B18/141—Slags
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
    • C04B18/146—Silica fume
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/16—Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/0076—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials characterised by the grain distribution
    • C04B20/008—Micro- or nanosized fillers, e.g. micronised fillers with particle size smaller than that of the hydraulic binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62204—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
    • C04B35/6316—Binders based on silicon compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/02—Portland cement
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the field of the invention relates to concrete incorporating waste products and, more particularly, to fire resistant concrete blocks including waste glass.
  • Concrete is a composite material made from aggregates, such as sand and gravel, bound together with a binder such as cement.
  • aggregates are obtained from mining combined with a crushing operation to produce particulates of a desired size.
  • mining operations can disrupt the local environment and mines are often located far from population centers that require large quantities of aggregates.
  • recycled aggregates have been explored as a new source of aggregate material with a goal of sustainable development.
  • Sources of recycled aggregates include construction waste such as recycled concrete aggregates and recycled red brick aggregate; these are used to produce concrete products, such as low grade concrete and non-load bearing concrete blocks.
  • construction waste to produce eco concrete blocks has been successfully implemented in various regions and is gaining wider acceptance.
  • the present eco concrete block products show a limited fire resistance, especially those with relatively high strength, limiting their use in applications with the most stringent fire resistance requirements, for example, multiple-hour fire resistance.
  • fire-resistant concrete blocks that include waste material.
  • FIGS. 1( a ), 1( b ), 1( c ) and 1( d ) depict the volume change as a function of temperature for various cement compositions.
  • FIGS. 2( a ), 2( b ), 2( c ), and 2( d ) depict thermal conductivity changes as a function of temperature for various cement compositions.
  • FIGS. 3( a )-3( b ) depict the results for a lab-scale fire test results for mortar including 100% recycled fine aggregate and 100% recycled glass cullet.
  • FIGS. 4( a )-4( b ) depict lab-scale fire test results of mortar prepared with particulate recycled glass cullet smaller than 0.6 mm and larger than 2.36 mm.
  • FIGS. 5 depicts the appearances of specimens at different fine aggregate to coarse aggregate ratios.
  • FIGS. 6( a ), 6( b ), and 6( c ) depict the lab-scale fire test results of concrete blocks of designed formulations.
  • FIG. 7 depicts the concrete blocks produced in volume.
  • FIG. 8 depicts the maximum and average temperature rise curves of the unexposed surface of a wall specimen composed of concrete blocks in a full scale fire test.
  • the invention focuses on a formulation/composition/mix design for fire resistant eco concrete blocks.
  • laboratory block preparation and characterization compression strength, density, and fire resistance
  • trial production of blocks and full scale standard fire tests for the developed blocks were conducted to realize the invention.
  • At least three hours fire resistance period was achieved in concrete blocks incorporating waste glass cullet of selected size along with selected (blended) cement, with some formulations even achieving four hours fire resistance period.
  • the present invention relates to a composition for forming fire resistant concrete block, the composition including cementitious binder material having alumina cement, recycled fine aggregate, and recycled coarse aggregates, the recycled fine aggregates comprising 10-50 wt % recycled particulate glass cullet having a particle size of 600 microns or less, such that a concrete block formed from the composition exhibits a decrease in thermal conductivity with increasing temperature at temperatures causing the particulate glass cullet to melt.
  • a fire rated element will be used to separate fire spread between compartments.
  • the building materials are rated according to relevant fire resistance standards.
  • Two criteria for rating fire resistance are integrity performance and insulation performance. Integrity performance measures the ability of a building materials specimen to prevent the passage of flames and hot gases through it and to prevent the occurrence of flame on the unexposed side. Insulation performance measures the ability of a specimen to restrict the temperature rise of the unexposed face to below specific level.
  • particulate waste glass cullet of a selected size improves fire resistance, mainly by improving the heat insulation property of concrete blocks.
  • the mechanism is that, when exposed to fire, the particulate glass cullet with a size of less than approximately 600 microns will absorb heat and melt gradually (at temperatures below 1000° C.), resulting in reduced heat transfer through the block thickness within specified period.
  • the thermal conductivity of concrete block is reduced, also leading to reduction in heat transfer through the block thickness within a specified period. This is due to the fact that the thermal conductivity of molten glass is lower than the thermal conductivity of the corresponding particulate glass and also due to the thermal absorption that occurs during the phase change from a solid to a liquid.
  • the glass cullet begins to soften at approximately 600° C.; high temperatures bring high flowability in the glass.
  • the composition includes at least 70 wt % recycled construction waste starting materials.
  • the recycled construction waste starting materials are recycled concrete aggregate and recycled red brick aggregate.
  • the composition may be approximately 70% to 90% percent aggregate, including fine aggregate and coarse aggregate.
  • fine aggregates are materials having a particle size ranging from approximately 0.075 mm to approximately 4.75 mm, while coarse aggregates are materials having a particle size ranging from approximately 4.75 mm to 9.5 mm.
  • a concrete composition includes waste glass cullet having a particle size of 600 microns or less and includes alumina cement. More particularly, the composition may include lightweight aggregates for improved heat insulation, and use a low water/cement ratio, low paste volume content and optimized particle size grading of aggregates to improve integrity.
  • cement composition As the concrete components of the present invention are bound together by cement, a cement composition was created having low thermal conductivity for use in the final concrete product. Various cement compositions were fabricated and tested as set forth below.
  • GGBS ground-granulated blast furnace slag
  • FA fly ash
  • SF silica fume
  • AC alumina cement
  • GGBS Slag is the material left over when a metal has been separated (e.g., smelted) from its respective metal ore.
  • Granulated ground blast furnace slag is produced by quenching of molten iron slag (a by-product of iron and steel-making) from a blast furnace followed by grinding.
  • the main components of granulated ground blast furnace slag are CaO (30-50%), SiO 2 (28-38%), Al 2 O 3 (8-24%), and MgO (1-18%).
  • FA Fly ash is a coal combustion product that is formed when particles escape with flue gases during combustion. Depending upon the composition of the coal, the fly ash contains varying amounts of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and calcium oxide (CaO).
  • SiO 2 silicon dioxide
  • Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
  • CaO calcium oxide
  • Silica fume is a by-product of the production of elemental silicon or ferrosilicon alloys in electric arc furnaces and is amorphous SiO 2 with a particle size on the order of 100-200 nm.
  • AC Alumina cement includes calcium aluminate made by reacting a lime-containing material with an aluminous material to produce calcium aluminates.
  • Typical ranges of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) are from about 39 percent to about 80 percent of the composition with ranges of calcium oxide (CaO) of about 20 percent to 40 percent.
  • the aluminum oxide and calcium oxide are typically in the form of monocalcium aluminate (CaAl 2 O 4 ).
  • OPC Ordinary Portland Cement is a type of hydraulic cement that typically includes calcium oxides, silica, and alumina in various proportions.
  • Compositions of Portland cement may include CaO in a range of 61-67%, SiO 2 in a range of 19-23%, Al 2 O 3 in a range of 2.5-6%, Fe 2 O 3 in a range of 0-6% and sulfate in a range of 1.5-4.5%.
  • compositions of Portland cement are set forth in ASTM C150/C150M-16 e 1 “Standard Specification for Portland Cement”, available from ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. Any of these compositions may be used as the OPC of the present invention.
  • cement compositions were prepared with various levels of each additive. Detailed mix proportions are set forth in Table 1 .
  • the water to powder ratio was set at 0.35 for all of the compositions.
  • the content of replacement additives was continuously increasing from 0% to 30% every 10%, except the silica fume group due to workability problems.
  • the specimens were demolded after 24 hours and then immersed in a water tank for curing. After 28 days' curing, the specimens were put in an oven with 105° C. for drying. Then the dried specimens were transferred into a muffle furnace, the target studied temperature in this invention contained room temperature, 300° C., 600° C., 900° C., 1200° C. The heating rate was 3° C./min to reach the target temperature and then kept at target temperature for 2 hours and then cooled down naturally. Volume change of all specimens was measured to evaluate the thermal stability of the blended cement and thermal conductivity was recorded to compare the heat transfer resistance of blended sample before and after heating.
  • FIG. 1( a ) , FIG. 1( b ) , FIG. 1( c ) , and FIG. 1( d ) Results of volume change of GGBS, FA, SF and AC were shown in FIG. 1( a ) , FIG. 1( b ) , FIG. 1( c ) , and FIG. 1( d ) respectively. From FIG. 1 , it can be easily summarized that the volume of all blended cement is reduced with temperature rising; however, alumina cement blended with OPC performed the best with 30% replacement, having a 87.4% remaining volume. According to the results, 30% replacement of alumina cement was suggested.
  • FIG. 2 represents the thermal conductivity of blended cement sample before and after application of high temperatures.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the thermal conductivity of blended cement decreases firstly from room temperature to 900° C. and then rises from 900° C. to 1200° C. It is postulated that the initial decrease in thermal conductivity between room temperature to 900° C. is due to C-S-H and CH decomposition which would lead to an increase in the porous structure of a specimen. Above 900° C., sintering may occur, increasing thermal conductivity.
  • Alumina cement blended with OPC performed the best among the blended cement sample studied, especially for 20% and 30% replacement, which has the lowest thermal conductivity value of 0.52 W/m k.
  • the fire tests for evaluating the fire resistance of concrete blocks are performed using the method specified in BS 476 part 22 or BS EN 1364-1. According to these two standards, integrity and thermal insulation are the two criteria for fire resistance rating.
  • a 3 m ⁇ 3 m wall specimen composed of the concrete blocks being tested is installed in the opening of a testing chamber, with one face exposed to fire while the other face is unexposed to fire.
  • fire is ignited in the testing chamber, and the temperature in chamber rises following the specified temperature rising curve to 1200° C.
  • Five thermocouples are installed in an array on the unexposed face of concrete block to measure the temperature rise of unexposed face of wall specimen.
  • the integrity of the wall specimen in terms of crack width and flame leaking and also the deflection of wall specimens are monitored.
  • lab-scale fire tests were conducted.
  • the lab-scale fire test was conducted using a furnace, with one face of block specimen exposed to the high temperature in furnace chamber, while the opposite face of specimen exposed to air.
  • the rise of temperature in furnace chamber was consistent with the temperature rise curves specified in BS 476-22 or BS EN 1364-1.
  • Five thermocouples were also installed on the unexposed face of block specimen to record temperature rise.
  • the lab-scale fire test results of 100% recycled fine aggregate and 100% recycled glass are depicted in FIGS. 3( a ) and 3( b ) , respectively.
  • FIG. 4( a ) and FIG. 4( b ) depict the fire test results of mortar prepared with recycled glass particle size smaller than 0.6 mm and particle size larger than 2.36 mm.
  • particulate recycled glass having a size of approximately 600 microns or less is selected for use in the fire-resistant concrete composition.
  • Fine to coarse aggregate ratio For the aggregates studied, fine aggregate has a size range from approximately 0.075 mm to 4.75 mm while coarse aggregate has a size range from approximately 4.75 mm to 9.5 mm.
  • the content of fine aggregate relative to coarse aggregate ((F/C) ratio) should be larger than 3.
  • FIGS. 6( a ) to 6( c ) depict fire test results for concrete blocks corresponding to compositions 1 to 3 From FIG. 6 , all three mix formulations can pass the fire test even after five hours, which can achieve the requirements of fire test standard BS 476 part 22, which contains averaged temperature rising lower than 140° C. and highest temperature rising lower than 180° C. Alumina cement mixed with OPC can effectively enhance the fire resistance property of the concrete block.
  • Concrete blocks have been produced in volume in plant following the above four designed formulations.
  • a semi-dry concrete system was used for block production.
  • FIG. 7 depicts the blocks produced.
  • the density of produced blocks was below 2000 kg/m 3 and the strength of produced blocks were measured to be above 10 MPa.
  • the concrete blocks may also be made by casting.
  • FIG. 8 depicts the maximum and average temperature rise curves of the unexposed surface of the wall specimen. After three hours, the maximum and average temperature rises of the unexposed surface were about 80° C. and 65° C. respectively, which are far below the insulation criteria specified in BS EN 1364-1.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
US15/716,488 2017-09-26 2017-09-26 Fire resistant eco concrete blocks containing waste glass Active 2037-12-28 US10450230B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/716,488 US10450230B2 (en) 2017-09-26 2017-09-26 Fire resistant eco concrete blocks containing waste glass
CN201810018114.7A CN109553423B (zh) 2017-09-26 2018-01-09 用于生产耐火混凝土砖的组分及耐火混凝土砖

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/716,488 US10450230B2 (en) 2017-09-26 2017-09-26 Fire resistant eco concrete blocks containing waste glass

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20190092685A1 US20190092685A1 (en) 2019-03-28
US10450230B2 true US10450230B2 (en) 2019-10-22

Family

ID=65808815

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US15/716,488 Active 2037-12-28 US10450230B2 (en) 2017-09-26 2017-09-26 Fire resistant eco concrete blocks containing waste glass

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US10450230B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN109553423B (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021151747A1 (en) * 2020-01-30 2021-08-05 Conpore Technolocy Ab Fire-resistant concrete material

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111943584B (zh) * 2020-07-17 2022-02-22 深圳市鹏城基业混凝土有限公司 一种再生混凝土的生产工艺
CN112777980B (zh) * 2021-01-08 2022-05-17 湖北工业大学 一种废玻璃耐火高强混凝土的制备方法
US20230159396A1 (en) * 2021-11-11 2023-05-25 Nano And Advanced Materials Institute Limited Concrete paving blocks with high strength and low efflorescence

Citations (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3963506A (en) 1972-11-02 1976-06-15 Glass Container Manufacturers Institute, Inc. Fired construction shapes and process and binder therefor
US4344796A (en) 1979-06-20 1982-08-17 L. John Minnick Cementitious compositions and aggregate derivatives from said compositions
US4963191A (en) 1989-08-16 1990-10-16 Solid Flue Chimney Systems, Inc. Cementing compositions
WO1994019294A1 (en) 1993-02-25 1994-09-01 Svensk Glasåtervinning Ab Process for producing concrete
US5525153A (en) 1995-04-04 1996-06-11 Cosola; Michael Ready mixed cement product incorporating material from construction and demolition debris
US20020053304A1 (en) 1999-11-10 2002-05-09 Pelot James E. Concrete composition
US20020142911A1 (en) 2000-12-08 2002-10-03 Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. Lightweight heat-insulating building material having frost resistance
US20030037708A1 (en) 2001-04-12 2003-02-27 Zstone Technologies, Llc High early strength cementitous compositions containing glass powder
US20030041783A1 (en) * 2001-04-12 2003-03-06 Zstone Technologies, Llc Cementitious composition containing glass powder as a pozzolan
US6776237B2 (en) 2000-09-18 2004-08-17 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Lightweight well cement compositions and methods
WO2004101464A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-11-25 Transmix Group Ltd Screed comprising recycled glass waste
JP2005047771A (ja) * 2003-07-31 2005-02-24 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk セメント組成物
US20060000172A1 (en) 2001-06-22 2006-01-05 Amazon Forms One, Inc. Lightweight concrete composite blocks
KR20080017966A (ko) * 2006-08-23 2008-02-27 한국건설기술연구원 폐유리를 활용한 세라믹 타일 조성물 및 그 타일의제조방법
US7364615B1 (en) 2004-11-30 2008-04-29 Bryant Fulton L Method of forming pavers containing waste glass particles
US20080098934A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2008-05-01 Sang-Woon Kwak Cement Mortar Composition and Concrete Composition
US20090301355A1 (en) 2005-04-26 2009-12-10 Hallvar Eide Cementitious Composition and Concrete of Such Composition
US20100052220A1 (en) 2008-09-03 2010-03-04 Paul Burns Ceramic Product Made with Glass and High Alumina Cement and Method of Manufacturing Same
US7726662B2 (en) * 2006-07-10 2010-06-01 Dana Automotive Systems Group, Llc Stopped-active type cylinder head gasket
US7744691B2 (en) 2007-04-10 2010-06-29 Calcium Silicate Corporation Energy conserving pozzolan compositions and cements incorporating same
US7771529B1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2010-08-10 Polycor Vetrazzo, Inc. Cementitious composition incorporating high levels of glass aggregate for producing solid surfaces
KR20110077123A (ko) * 2009-12-30 2011-07-07 주식회사 한양엔티 불연성 경량 패널 조성물 및 이를 이용한 불연성 경량 패널
US8663386B2 (en) 2010-07-08 2014-03-04 Italcementi S.P.A. Dry cement mix for forming light concretes with low thermal conductivity, and concretes thus obtained
US20140208984A1 (en) 2013-01-25 2014-07-31 Day & Campbell Limited Non-sheet form structural building element containing glass cullet & process for making same
US9034097B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2015-05-19 Promat Research and Technology Centre NV Fire protection mortar
US9365457B2 (en) 2013-02-08 2016-06-14 Ting-An WU Inorganic foam material and low-temperature manufacturing method for the same
US9376344B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2016-06-28 Earthstone International, Llc Foamed glass ceramic composite materials and a method for producing the same
US20160264468A1 (en) 2013-10-21 2016-09-15 Envirocem, S.L. Lightweight Concretes and Mortars
CN105967606A (zh) * 2016-04-06 2016-09-28 安徽鑫润新型材料有限公司 一种抗开裂水泥空心砖及其制备方法
US20170081249A1 (en) 2015-09-23 2017-03-23 Anthony Gauci Concrete Wet Cast Ready Mix Composition
CN107032810A (zh) * 2017-05-23 2017-08-11 武汉钢铁有限公司 一种粘结性能优良的烧结大烟道用喷补料及制备方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004065327A2 (de) * 2003-01-23 2004-08-05 Esk Ceramics Gmbh & Co. Kg Ungeformte feuerfeste erzeugnisse, insbesondere feuerbetone, mit nichtoxidanteilen
DE102008001796B3 (de) * 2008-05-15 2009-06-10 Koenig & Bauer Aktiengesellschaft Spannkonus für einen Rollenwechsler
CN101531029A (zh) * 2009-04-21 2009-09-16 广州华驭建筑科技有限公司 一种具有较高耐火性能的隔墙砖及其制造方法
CN103086655B (zh) * 2011-11-04 2015-12-02 香港理工大学 一种混凝土砖及其制备方法
CN103910531A (zh) * 2014-03-26 2014-07-09 赵云 一种耐火混凝土

Patent Citations (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3963506A (en) 1972-11-02 1976-06-15 Glass Container Manufacturers Institute, Inc. Fired construction shapes and process and binder therefor
US4344796A (en) 1979-06-20 1982-08-17 L. John Minnick Cementitious compositions and aggregate derivatives from said compositions
US4963191A (en) 1989-08-16 1990-10-16 Solid Flue Chimney Systems, Inc. Cementing compositions
WO1994019294A1 (en) 1993-02-25 1994-09-01 Svensk Glasåtervinning Ab Process for producing concrete
US5525153A (en) 1995-04-04 1996-06-11 Cosola; Michael Ready mixed cement product incorporating material from construction and demolition debris
US20020053304A1 (en) 1999-11-10 2002-05-09 Pelot James E. Concrete composition
US6776237B2 (en) 2000-09-18 2004-08-17 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Lightweight well cement compositions and methods
US20020142911A1 (en) 2000-12-08 2002-10-03 Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. Lightweight heat-insulating building material having frost resistance
US20030037708A1 (en) 2001-04-12 2003-02-27 Zstone Technologies, Llc High early strength cementitous compositions containing glass powder
US20030041783A1 (en) * 2001-04-12 2003-03-06 Zstone Technologies, Llc Cementitious composition containing glass powder as a pozzolan
US20060000172A1 (en) 2001-06-22 2006-01-05 Amazon Forms One, Inc. Lightweight concrete composite blocks
WO2004101464A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-11-25 Transmix Group Ltd Screed comprising recycled glass waste
JP2005047771A (ja) * 2003-07-31 2005-02-24 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk セメント組成物
US20080098934A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2008-05-01 Sang-Woon Kwak Cement Mortar Composition and Concrete Composition
US8480802B2 (en) * 2004-08-31 2013-07-09 Polycor Vetrazzo, Inc. Cementitious composition incorporating high levels of glass aggregate for producing solid surfaces
US8236230B2 (en) * 2004-08-31 2012-08-07 Polycor Vetrazzo, Inc. Method of producing a cementitious sheet-form material having a high level of glass aggregate and a solid surface
US7771529B1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2010-08-10 Polycor Vetrazzo, Inc. Cementitious composition incorporating high levels of glass aggregate for producing solid surfaces
US8137454B2 (en) 2004-08-31 2012-03-20 Polycor Vetrazzo, Inc. Cementitious composition incorporating high levels of glass aggregate for producing solid surfaces
US7364615B1 (en) 2004-11-30 2008-04-29 Bryant Fulton L Method of forming pavers containing waste glass particles
US20090301355A1 (en) 2005-04-26 2009-12-10 Hallvar Eide Cementitious Composition and Concrete of Such Composition
US9376344B2 (en) 2006-02-17 2016-06-28 Earthstone International, Llc Foamed glass ceramic composite materials and a method for producing the same
US7726662B2 (en) * 2006-07-10 2010-06-01 Dana Automotive Systems Group, Llc Stopped-active type cylinder head gasket
KR20080017966A (ko) * 2006-08-23 2008-02-27 한국건설기술연구원 폐유리를 활용한 세라믹 타일 조성물 및 그 타일의제조방법
US7744691B2 (en) 2007-04-10 2010-06-29 Calcium Silicate Corporation Energy conserving pozzolan compositions and cements incorporating same
US20100052220A1 (en) 2008-09-03 2010-03-04 Paul Burns Ceramic Product Made with Glass and High Alumina Cement and Method of Manufacturing Same
KR20110077123A (ko) * 2009-12-30 2011-07-07 주식회사 한양엔티 불연성 경량 패널 조성물 및 이를 이용한 불연성 경량 패널
US8663386B2 (en) 2010-07-08 2014-03-04 Italcementi S.P.A. Dry cement mix for forming light concretes with low thermal conductivity, and concretes thus obtained
US20140208984A1 (en) 2013-01-25 2014-07-31 Day & Campbell Limited Non-sheet form structural building element containing glass cullet & process for making same
US9034097B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2015-05-19 Promat Research and Technology Centre NV Fire protection mortar
US9365457B2 (en) 2013-02-08 2016-06-14 Ting-An WU Inorganic foam material and low-temperature manufacturing method for the same
US20160264468A1 (en) 2013-10-21 2016-09-15 Envirocem, S.L. Lightweight Concretes and Mortars
US20170081249A1 (en) 2015-09-23 2017-03-23 Anthony Gauci Concrete Wet Cast Ready Mix Composition
CN105967606A (zh) * 2016-04-06 2016-09-28 安徽鑫润新型材料有限公司 一种抗开裂水泥空心砖及其制备方法
CN107032810A (zh) * 2017-05-23 2017-08-11 武汉钢铁有限公司 一种粘结性能优良的烧结大烟道用喷补料及制备方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021151747A1 (en) * 2020-01-30 2021-08-05 Conpore Technolocy Ab Fire-resistant concrete material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109553423B (zh) 2021-11-19
CN109553423A (zh) 2019-04-02
US20190092685A1 (en) 2019-03-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10450230B2 (en) Fire resistant eco concrete blocks containing waste glass
Kavitha et al. Microstructural studies on eco-friendly and durable Self-compacting concrete blended with metakaolin
Kula et al. Effects of colemanite waste, cool bottom ash, and fly ash on the properties of cement
Aydın Development of a high-temperature-resistant mortar by using slag and pumice
Tennis et al. State-of-the-Art Report on Use of Limestone in Cements at Levels of up to 15%
Pellegrino et al. Mechanical and durability characteristics of concrete containing EAF slag as aggregate
Islam et al. Strength behavior of mortar using slag as partial replacement of cement
KR101862698B1 (ko) 고활성 시멘트 클링커 및 고활성 시멘트
JP4834574B2 (ja) 高流動性コンクリート用セメント組成物および高流動性コンクリート組成物
Yüksel et al. Use of granulated blast-furnace slag in concrete as fine aggregate
Morsy et al. Effect of elevated temperature on compressive strength of blended cement mortar
ES2921048T3 (es) Composición de hormigón y su método de producción
JP2011042534A (ja) 高じん性・高強度モルタル組成物
JP2008247677A (ja) グラウト組成物およびそれを用いたグラウトモルタル
JP2015124136A (ja) 初期及び長期高強度発現性及び高ひび割れ抵抗性を有するコンクリート組成物及び当該組成物を用いたコンクリート体
Santamaria et al. Ladle furnace slag as cement replacement in mortar mixes
Dao et al. Investigation of the behaviour of geopolymer mortar after heating to elevated temperatures
Le et al. Self-compacting concrete with sugarcane bagasse ash–ground blast furnace slag blended cement: fresh properties
KR20140015648A (ko) 1종 조강형 시멘트를 사용한 고강도 콘크리트 조성물 및 콘크리트
Savić et al. Valorization of fly ash from a thermal power plant for producing high-performance self-compacting concrete
Nayır et al. Effectiveness of mineral additives in mitigating alkali-silica reaction in mortar
US9796629B1 (en) Fire-resistant sulfur concrete
Bilek et al. Hybrid alkali activated concretes-conception and development for practical application
Yatagai et al. Properties of concrete with blast-furnace slag cement made from clinker with adjusted mineral composition
JP5935916B1 (ja) セメント組成物

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: NANO AND ADVANCED MATERIALS INSTITUTE LIMITED, HON

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHEN, BINMENG;ZHU, HONGGANG;SHAM, MAN LUNG;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20170630 TO 20170706;REEL/FRAME:043707/0535

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: ENTITY STATUS SET TO UNDISCOUNTED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: BIG.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: ENTITY STATUS SET TO SMALL (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: SMAL); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: PUBLICATIONS -- ISSUE FEE PAYMENT RECEIVED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: PUBLICATIONS -- ISSUE FEE PAYMENT VERIFIED

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

MAFP Maintenance fee payment

Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YR, SMALL ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M2551); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: SMALL ENTITY

Year of fee payment: 4