US10349847B2 - Apparatus for detecting bio-information - Google Patents

Apparatus for detecting bio-information Download PDF

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Publication number
US10349847B2
US10349847B2 US14/818,420 US201514818420A US10349847B2 US 10349847 B2 US10349847 B2 US 10349847B2 US 201514818420 A US201514818420 A US 201514818420A US 10349847 B2 US10349847 B2 US 10349847B2
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bio
signals
light
lds
leds
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US20160206251A1 (en
Inventor
Yongjoo Kwon
Youngzoon Yoon
Seongho CHO
Jaemin KANG
Sunkwon Kim
Younho KIM
Sangyun PARK
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Assigned to SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. reassignment SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CHO, SEONGHO, KANG, JAEMIN, KIM, SUNKWON, KIM, YOUNHO, Kwon, Yongjoo, PARK, SANGYUN, YOON, Youngzoon
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02416—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
    • A61B5/02427—Details of sensor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
    • A61B5/14552—Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/04—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
    • A61B5/02108—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
    • A61B5/0261—Measuring blood flow using optical means, e.g. infrared light
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6824—Arm or wrist

Definitions

  • Apparatuses and methods consistent with exemplary embodiments relate to an apparatus for detecting bio-information and a method thereof.
  • Methods of detecting bio-information such as a pulse wave may be largely classified into invasive methods and noninvasive methods, and the noninvasive methods capable of simply detecting a pulse wave without causing pain to an object are usually used.
  • PWA pulse wave analysis
  • Exemplary embodiments address at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and other disadvantages not described above. Also, the exemplary embodiments are not required to overcome the disadvantages described above, and may not overcome any of the problems described above.
  • Exemplary embodiments provide bio-information detection apparatuses capable of acquiring bio-information by detecting a bio-signal based on an optical signal, and methods thereof.
  • an apparatus for detecting bio-information including a bio-signal detector including a light emitter including a light-emitting diode (LED) and a laser diode (LD), the LED and the LD being configured to emit optical signals on an object.
  • the bio-signal detector further includes an optical detector including a light-receiver configured to detect optical signals modulated by the object.
  • the apparatus further includes a processor configured to process the optical signals to detect the bio-information of the object.
  • the optical detector may include light-receivers disposed to surround the light emitter, the light receivers being configured to detect the optical signals modulated by the object.
  • the light-receivers may be disposed at four or more points surrounding the light emitter.
  • the light-receivers may be disposed in a shape of a ring surrounding the light emitter.
  • the light emitter may include LEDs and LDs, the LEDs and the LDs being disposed in a two-dimensional array, and the LEDs and the LDs being configured to emit the optical signals on the object.
  • the optical detector may include light-receivers configured to detect the optical signals modulated by the object, and the light emitter may include LEDs and LDs, the LEDs and the LDs being configured to emit the optical signals on the object.
  • the LEDs and the LDs may be disposed in a line, and the light-receivers may be disposed in an array along a side of the line of the LEDs and the LDs.
  • the bio-signal detector may have a structure in which sub-units are repeatedly disposed, each of the sub-units including one light emitter configured to emit optical signals on the object, and light-receivers disposed to surround the one light emitter, the light receivers being configured to detect the optical signals modulated by the object.
  • the apparatus may be wearable by the object.
  • the LED and the LD may be further configured to emit the optical signals with a delay time.
  • the LED and the LD may be further configured to emit the optical signals at a same time.
  • the LED and the LD may be disposed at a same distance from a surface of the object or the apparatus.
  • the LD may be disposed at a distance from a surface of the object or the apparatus that is farther than a distance at which the LED is disposed from the surface.
  • the optical signals may include photoplethysmogram signals or pulse waves of a surface of skin of the object.
  • the bio-information may be at least one among a blood oxygen saturation level, a blood pressure, a vascular compliance, a blood flow rate, and a degree of arteriosclerosis.
  • a method of detecting bio-information including driving a light-emitting diode (LED) and a laser diode (LD) with a delay time to irradiate lights having different divergent angles on an object with the delay time, and detecting signals reflected by the object, the signals having the delay time.
  • the method further includes selecting a signal having a signal-to-noise ratio greater than a value from the detected signals, or combining the detected signals, to detect the bio-information of the object.
  • the detected signals may be photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals or pulse waves of a surface of skin of the object, and the method may further include processing the PPG signals or the pulse waves to detect the bio-information.
  • PPG photoplethysmogram
  • an apparatus configured to detect bio-information, the apparatus including a light-emitting diode (LED) and a laser diode (LD) configured to emit lights having different divergent angles on an object, light-receivers configured to detect signals reflected by the object, and a processor configured to process the signals to detect the bio-information of the object.
  • a light-emitting diode LED
  • LD laser diode
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus for detecting bio-information, according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a bio-signal detector employed in the apparatus of FIG. 1 , according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of the bio-signal detector employed in the apparatus of FIG. 1 , according to another exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of the bio-signal detector of FIG. 2 that is located on a radial artery to measure bio-information;
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams of the bio-signal detector employed in the apparatus of FIG. 1 , according to other exemplary embodiments;
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrams of the bio-signal detector employed in the apparatus of FIG. 1 , according to other exemplary embodiments;
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram of the bio-signal detector of FIG. 7 that is located on a radial artery to measure bio-information;
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram of a bio-signal detector employed in the apparatus of FIG. 1 , according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are diagrams illustrating relative location relationships between a light-emitting diode (LED) and a laser diode (LD), according to exemplary embodiments.
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • LD laser diode
  • a component when it is described that a component is “above” or “on” another component, the component may be directly above the other component, or a third component may be interposed therebetween.
  • unit refers to an element for performing at least one function or operation, and may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.
  • the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus 10 for detecting bio-information, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the apparatus 10 detects bio-information of an object OBJ.
  • the apparatus 10 includes a bio-signal detector 100 and a signal processor 200 for analyzing the bio-information by using a measurement result of the bio-signal detector 100 .
  • the apparatus 10 further includes a memory 220 , a user interface 240 , and a communication interface 260 .
  • the bio-signal detector 100 includes a light emitter 110 and an optical detector 150 .
  • the light emitter 110 of the bio-signal detector 100 includes at least one light-emitting diode (LED) and at least one laser diode (LD).
  • the optical detector 150 of the bio-signal detector 100 is disposed around the light emitter 110 and includes at least one light-receiver.
  • a photodiode, a photo transistor (PTr), a charge-coupled device (CCD), or the like may be used as the light-receiver.
  • the light-receiver detects optical signals scattered and reflected from the object OBJ.
  • the bio-signal detector 100 generates lights from the LED and the LD, irradiates the generated lights on the object OBJ, and detects lights modulated by the object OBJ, e.g., lights scattered and reflected from the object OBJ, by using the light-receiver.
  • the LED and the LD may be driven to generate optical signals with a delay time or to simultaneously generate the optical signals by being turned on at the same time.
  • the optical signals detected by the optical detector 150 of the bio-signal detector 100 are transmitted to the signal processor 200 .
  • the optical detector 150 of the bio-signal detector 100 may detect the optical signals with the delay time.
  • PPG photoplethysmogram
  • the PPG signal is a signal obtained by detecting modulated light varying according to a change in a blood volume inside the skin, and because the modulated light is reflected a small amount for a large amount of blood and is reflect a large amount for a small amount of blood, the detected PPG signal varies according to the blood volume.
  • the skin surface pulse wave is a signal obtained by detecting a change in reflected light detected by the optical detector 150 due to vibrations on a skin surface. Vibrations on the skin surface occur according to a change in a blood volume in a blood vessel, and the skin vibrations change a traveling direction of light reflected from the skin surface. Therefore, when skin vibrations occur according to a blood volume, an intensity of light incident to the optical detector 150 varies, and thus the skin surface pulse wave, which is an optical signal detected by the optical detector 150 , also varies.
  • the object OBJ may be a living body part, which may be in contact with or adjacent to the bio-signal detector 100 of the apparatus 10 , or a human body part of which a pulse wave may be measured through photoplethysmography.
  • the object OBJ may be a region of a wrist surface that is adjacent to a radial artery.
  • a pulse wave is measured from a skin surface of a wrist inside which the radial artery passes, influences of external causes causing measurement errors, such as a thickness of skin tissue inside the wrist and the like, may be relatively small.
  • the radial artery corresponds to a blood vessel from which accurate blood pressure may be measured, compared with other types of blood vessels inside the wrist.
  • the object OBJ is not limited to a radial artery and may be another peripheral part such as a finger, a toe, an ear lobe, or the like, which is a part having a high blood vessel density in a human body.
  • the signal processor 200 includes a bio-information processor 201 .
  • the signal processor 200 may further include a pulse wave processor.
  • the pulse wave processor may analyze a per-time intensity change of an optical signal detected by the optical detector 150 .
  • the pulse wave processor may acquire a bio-signal by analyzing fluctuation of an optical signal corresponding to a volume change of a blood vessel (e.g., the radial artery) of the object OBJ.
  • the acquired bio-signal may be a PPG signal converted based on a correlation between the analyzed fluctuation of the optical signal and the volume change.
  • the pulse wave processor may analyze various parameters included in a PPG pulse wave signal by analyzing waveform characteristics of the PPG pulse wave signal. For example, the pulse wave processor may calculate a delay time between pulse wave signals and calculate a pulse transit time (PPT) from the calculated delay time.
  • PPT pulse transit time
  • various digital signal processing algorithms such as a noise cancellation algorithm, a differential signal extraction algorithm, and the like may be used.
  • the bio-information processor 201 may analyze various pieces of bio-information by using the pulse wave signal analysis result as an index.
  • the bio-information processor 201 may analyze the bio-information by using a predetermined algorithm of calculating various pieces of bio-information from the PPT analyzed by the pulse wave processor. For example, the bio-information processor 201 may estimate a vascular compliance, a blood flow rate, a degree of arteriosclerosis, a systolic or diastolic blood pressure of a blood vessel, a blood oxygen saturation level, and the like.
  • the memory 220 may store programs for processing and controlling of the signal processor 200 and store input/output data. For example, programs for the pulse wave analysis and the bio-information analysis performed by the signal processor 200 may be stored in the memory 220 as code. In addition, measurement results of the bio-signal detector 100 , which are for processing of the signal processor 200 , may be stored in the memory 220 .
  • the memory 220 may include at least one type of storage medium among a flash memory type memory, a hard disk type memory, a multimedia card micro type memory, a card type memory (e.g., a secure digital (SD) or extreme digital (XD) memory or the like), random access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), PROM, a magnetic memory, a magnetic disc, and an optical disc.
  • a flash memory type memory e.g., a secure digital (SD) or extreme digital (XD) memory or the like
  • RAM random access memory
  • SRAM static RAM
  • ROM read only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable ROM
  • PROM PROM
  • the user interface 240 is an interface that interfaces with a user and/or an external device and may include an input module and an output module.
  • the user may be a target of which bio-information is to be measured, i.e., the object OBJ, or may have a wider concept than the object OBJ, i.e., may be a person who may use the apparatus 10 , such as a medical expert or the like.
  • the user interface 240 may include, for example, a button, a connector, a keypad, a display, and the like and may further include components such as a speaker, a vibration motor, and the like.
  • the communication interface 260 may transmit an analysis result to an external device.
  • the external device may be medical equipment using analyzed bio-information, a printer for printing a result, or a display device for displaying an analysis result.
  • the external device may be one of various devices such as a smartphone, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop computer, a PC, and other mobile or non-mobile computing devices.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the communication interface 260 may be connected to the external device in a wired or wireless manner.
  • the communication interface 260 may communicate with the external device by using various communication schemes such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy (BLE), near-field communication (NFC), wireless local area network (WLAN), ZigBee, infrared data association (IrDA), Wi-Fi Direct (WFD), ultra wideband (UWB), Ant+, Wi-Fi, and the like.
  • BLE Bluetooth low energy
  • NFC near-field communication
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • ZigBee ZigBee
  • IrDA infrared data association
  • WFD Wi-Fi Direct
  • UWB ultra wideband
  • Ant+ Wi-Fi
  • the apparatus 10 may be implemented in a type of a device wearable by the object OBJ, i.e., a wearable device type.
  • the apparatus 10 may be implemented in various types such as a watch type, a bracelet type, a wrist band type, a ring type, an eyeglass type, a hairband type, and the like.
  • only a partial component of the apparatus 10 e.g., the bio-signal detector 100 , may be implemented in a type of a device wearable by the object OBJ.
  • bio-signal detector 100 which may be employed in the apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 , will now be described in detail.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of the bio-signal detector 100 employed in the apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 , according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of the bio-signal detector 100 employed in the apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 , according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • the light emitter 110 may include, for example, one LED 120 and one LD 130 , as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the light emitter 210 may include, for example, a plurality of LEDs 120 and a plurality of LDs 130 , as shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the plurality of LEDs 120 and the plurality of LDs 130 may be arranged in combination to form a two-dimensional array.
  • FIG. 3 shows a case where the LEDs 120 and the LDs 130 are alternately located one by one, but this is only illustrative, and a predetermined number of LEDs 120 and a predetermined number of LDs 130 may be alternately located, or the LEDs 120 and the LDs 130 may be irregularly located.
  • the optical detector 150 may include a plurality of light-receivers 151 to 154 to increase a light-receiving ratio of light modulated by the object OBJ.
  • the plurality of light-receivers 151 to 154 are arranged around the light emitter 110 .
  • the plurality of light-receivers 151 to 154 may be arranged at four or more points around the light emitter 110 .
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate a case where the plurality of light-receivers 151 to 154 is arranged at four points around the light emitter 110 .
  • reference numeral 101 indicates a substrate on which the light emitter 110 and the optical detector 150 are disposed, e.g., a printed circuit board (PCB).
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • bio-information may be obtained by measuring a bio-signal, for example, as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of the bio-signal detector 100 of FIG. 2 that is located on a radial artery RA to measure bio-information.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrams of the bio-signal detector 100 employed in the apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 , according to other exemplary embodiments.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show cases where the light emitter 110 has the structures of FIGS. 2 and 3 , respectively, and the optical detector 150 is disposed such that the plurality of light-receivers 151 to 154 and a plurality of light-receivers 251 to 254 form a ring shape around the light emitter 110 .
  • the light emitter 110 may include the LED 120 and the LD 130 , as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the light emitter 110 may include the plurality of LEDs 120 and the plurality of LDs 130 , as shown in FIG. 6 , and the plurality of LEDs 120 and the plurality of LDs 130 may be arranged in combination to form a two-dimensional array.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are diagrams of the bio-signal detector 100 employed in the apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 , according to other exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram of the bio-signal detector 100 of FIG. 7 that is located on a radial artery to measure bio-information.
  • the light emitter 110 may include the plurality of LEDs 120 and the plurality of LDs 130
  • the optical detector 150 may include a plurality of light-receivers 351 .
  • the plurality of LEDs 120 and the plurality of LDs 130 may be linearly arranged in combination to form one or more lines, and the plurality of light-receivers 351 may be arranged to form an array along at least one side of the linear arrangement of the plurality of LEDs 120 and the plurality of LDs 130 .
  • FIG. 7 shows a case where the light emitter 110 has a structure in which the plurality of LEDs 120 and the plurality of LDs 130 are linearly arranged in combination to form one line, and the optical detector 150 has a structure in which the plurality of light-receivers 351 are arranged to form arrays along both sides of the linear arrangement of the plurality of LEDs 120 and the plurality of LDs 130 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a case where the light emitter 110 has a structure in which the plurality of LEDs 120 and the plurality of LDs 130 are linearly arranged in combination to form two lines, and the optical detector 150 has a structure in which the plurality of light-receivers 351 are arranged to form arrays along both sides of the linear arrangement of the plurality of LEDs 120 and the plurality of LDs 130 .
  • the bio-signal detector 100 may be implemented as a wearable device and worn around a wrist or the like, as shown in FIG. 9 .
  • the LEDs 120 , the LDs 130 , and the light-receivers 351 may be located on and nearby a radial artery RA, and thus a bio-signal may be smoothly detected.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram of the bio-signal detector 100 employed in the apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 , according to another exemplary embodiment.
  • the bio-signal detector 100 may have a structure in which a light emitter and an optical detector including a plurality of light-receivers surrounding the light emitter form one sub-unit, and a plurality of sub-units are repeatedly arranged.
  • a first light emitter including an LED 120 - 1 and an LD 130 - 1 , and a plurality of light-receivers 11 to 16 surrounding the first light emitter may form a first sub-unit SU 1
  • a second light emitter including an LED 120 - 2 and an LD 130 - 2 , and a plurality of light-receivers 21 to 24 , 15 , and 16 surrounding the second light emitter may form a second sub-unit SU 2
  • a third light emitter including an LED 120 - 3 and an LD 130 - 3 , and a plurality of light-receivers 31 to 33 , 24 , 15 , and 14 surrounding the third light emitter may form a third sub-unit SU 3 .
  • a light-receiver may detect an optical signal modulated by the object OBJ while driving an LED and an LD included in the one sub-unit, and the optical signal, e.g., a bio-signal level, may be identified and stored.
  • An optimal bio-signal may be selected by repeating a measurement for a plurality of sub-units and comparing stored bio-signal levels.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a case where each light emitter includes one LED and one LD.
  • at least one of a plurality of light emitters may have the structure as described with reference to FIG. 3 in which the plurality of LEDs 120 and the plurality of LDs 130 are arranged in combination to form a two-dimensional array.
  • FIG. 10 shows a case where the bio-signal detector 100 includes three sub-units, but this is only illustrative, and the bio-signal detector 100 may include three or more sub-units.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are diagrams illustrating relative location relationships between an LED and an LD, according to exemplary embodiments.
  • the LED 120 and the LD 130 of the light emitter 110 may be located at a same distance d from a reference surface, as shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the LED 120 and the LD 130 of the light emitter 110 may be located at different distances d 1 and d 2 , respectively, from the reference surface, as shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the reference surface may be, for example, a predetermined location, e.g., a surface of a wrist where a radial artery is located, of the object OBJ wearing a wearable device when the apparatus 10 is implemented as the wearable device, or a predetermined location of the apparatus 10 .
  • Output light of the LED 120 is diverged, and output light of the LD 130 is relatively not diverged. Therefore, when the LED 120 is used, if the LED 120 is spaced apart by a predetermined distance from a part to be measured, a bio-signal, e.g., a PPG signal, may not be accurately measured. In addition, when the LD 130 is used, on the contrary, if the LD 130 is too close to a part to be measured, a bio-signal, e.g., a PPG signal, may not be accurately measured.
  • the light emitter 110 of the bio-signal detector 100 may include the LED 120 and the LD 130 such that the LED 120 and the LD 130 are located at the different distances d 1 and d 2 , respectively, from the reference surface, as shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the LED 120 and the LD 130 may be arranged such that the LD 130 is farther from the reference surface than the LED 120 , i.e., d 2 >d 1 .
  • the arrangement of the LED 120 and the LD 130 of the light emitter 110 such that the LED 120 and the LD 130 are located at the same distance d from the reference surface, as shown in FIG. 11 , or located at the different distances d 1 and d 2 , respectively, from the reference surface, as shown in FIG. 12 , may be applied to FIGS. 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , and 10 . Also, for FIGS.
  • a light emitter is configured to include at least one LED and at least one LD, the LED and the LD generate optical signals, and a bio-signal is measured by detecting optical signals modulated by an object OBJ through a plurality of light-receivers.
  • the bio-signal detector 100 measures the bio-signal for the object OBJ, e.g., a PPG signal or a skin surface pulse wave, and the bio-information processor 201 of the signal processor 200 analyzes bio-information of the object OBJ from the bio-signal.
  • the bio-information may be a blood oxygen saturation level or blood pressure, or may correspond to various pieces of bio-information that may be obtained using the PPG signal or the skin surface pulse wave, e.g., a vascular compliance, a blood flow rate, and a degree of arteriosclerosis.
  • light sources having different characteristics i.e., the LED and the LD
  • lights having different divergent angles are irradiated on the object OBJ with a delay time by, for example, driving the LED and the LD with the delay time.
  • a light-receiver arranged around the LED and the LD obtains optical signals modulated by the object OBJ, e.g., PPG signals or skin surface pulse waves, with the delay time. That is, the light-receiver arranged around the LED and the LD detects optical signals having the delay time according to the time-delayed driving of the LED and the LD.
  • the detected optical signals e.g., the PPG signals or the skin surface pulse waves
  • the signal processor 200 performs bio-information analysis, e.g., PPG analysis, by selecting a signal having a good signal-to-noise ratio (i.e., greater than a predetermined value) from the detected signals or combining two of the detected signals, and obtains desired bio-information.
  • bio-information analysis e.g., PPG analysis
  • the light sources having different characteristics i.e., the LED and the LD
  • the lights having different divergent angles are irradiated on the object OBJ at the same time by, for example, simultaneously driving the LED and the LD.
  • a light-receiver arranged around the LED and the LD obtains optical signals modulated by the object OBJ, e.g., PPG signals or skin surface pulse waves. That is, the light-receiver arranged around the LED and the LD detects optical signals according to the simultaneous driving of the LED and the LD.
  • the detected optical signals e.g., the PPG signals or the skin surface pulse waves
  • the signal processor 200 performs bio-information analysis, e.g., PPG analysis, by selecting a signal having a good signal-to-noise ratio from the detected signals or combining the two signals, and obtains desired bio-information.
  • bio-information analysis e.g., PPG analysis
  • the signals detected by the apparatus 10 may be, for example, the PPG signals or skin surface pulse waves for the object OBJ, and the bio-information is analyzed from the PPG signals or the skin surface pulse waves.
  • the analyzed bio-information may be a blood oxygen saturation level or blood pressure, or may correspond to various pieces of bio-information, which may be obtained using the PPG signals or the skin surface pulse waves, e.g., a vascular compliance, a blood flow rate, and a degree of arteriosclerosis.
  • the apparatus 10 may be used in devices for analyzing a PPG signal or a skin surface pulse wave, e.g., devices for analyzing blood pressure or a pulse wave.
  • the apparatus 10 may be applied to medical diagnosis devices, e.g., a device for measuring blood pressure, and a device for measuring an oxygen saturation level.
  • an apparatus for detecting bio-information may acquire bio-information by detecting a bio-signal based on an optical signal.
  • an LED and an LD are combined as light sources, and because bio-signals by the LED and the LD, e.g., PPG signals or skin surface pulse waves, may be obtained, various types of bio-signals according to optical characteristics, e.g., PPG signals or skin surface pulse waves, may be obtained, and thus the bio-signals may be accurately measured.
  • the exemplary embodiments may also be implemented through computer-readable code and/or instructions on a medium, e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium, to control at least one processing element to implement any above-described embodiments.
  • the medium may correspond to any medium or media which may serve as a storage and/or perform transmission of the computer-readable code.
  • the computer-readable code may be recorded and/or transferred on a medium in a variety of ways, and examples of the medium include recording media, such as magnetic storage media (e.g., ROM, floppy disks, hard disks, etc.) and optical recording media (e.g., compact disc read only memories (CD-ROMs) or digital versatile discs (DVDs)), and transmission media such as Internet transmission media.
  • the medium may have a structure suitable for storing or carrying a signal or information, such as a device carrying a bitstream according to one or more exemplary embodiments.
  • the medium may also be on a distributed network, so that the computer-readable code is stored and/or transferred on the medium and executed in a distributed fashion.
  • the processing element may include a processor or a computer processor, and the processing element may be distributed and/or included in a single device.
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