US10113863B2 - Viscosity measuring method - Google Patents

Viscosity measuring method Download PDF

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Publication number
US10113863B2
US10113863B2 US15/314,438 US201515314438A US10113863B2 US 10113863 B2 US10113863 B2 US 10113863B2 US 201515314438 A US201515314438 A US 201515314438A US 10113863 B2 US10113863 B2 US 10113863B2
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droplet
change rate
viscosity
curvature change
dynamic
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US20180094916A1 (en
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Sanghyun Lee
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Femtobiomed Inc
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Femtobiomed Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/02—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G01N11/16—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
    • G01N33/49—Blood
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
    • G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/845—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits
    • G01F1/8468—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters arrangements of measuring means, e.g., of measuring conduits vibrating measuring conduits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N2011/006—Determining flow properties indirectly by measuring other parameters of the system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N2011/006—Determining flow properties indirectly by measuring other parameters of the system
    • G01N2011/0073—Determining flow properties indirectly by measuring other parameters of the system acoustic properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02818—Density, viscosity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
    • G01N33/493—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material urine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a viscosity measuring method. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a viscosity measuring method comprising: (i) a step of acquiring an image of a droplet in a static state without vibration; (ii) a step of using a vibrator to vibrate the droplet, and acquiring an image of the droplet in a dynamic state in which the droplet is maximally extended in a horizontal direction or maximally extended in a vertical direction; (iii) a step of obtaining the static curvature change rate of the droplet interface and the dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet interface from the images acquired in step (i) and (ii); and (iv) a step of substituting the ratio of the static curvature change rate of the droplet interface to the dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet interface into an interaction equation adjusted for the vibrator, to obtain the viscosity of the droplet.
  • Viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to flow. Namely, viscosity means internal friction of a fluid in motion. Mathematically, viscosity is expressed as the ratio of tangential friction per unit area to velocity gradient perpendicular to flow direction of a fluid.
  • a viscometer is an instrument that measures viscosity of a fluid.
  • well-used viscometers are capillary viscometer, rotational viscometer, etc. Measuring principle and function of such viscometers are as follows.
  • the rotational viscometer is an instrument that measures viscosity of a fluid by measuring the resistance caused by fluid in motion to a cylinder or a disk.
  • the rotational viscometer though appropriate for measuring viscosity within intermediate shear rate range, is not appropriate for measuring viscosity within zero shear rate range.
  • the capillary viscometer is an instrument that measures viscosity of a fluid by measuring mass flow and falling pressure of a fluid in a steady flow state and then using Poiseuille's Law.
  • capillary viscometer to measure the viscosity, capillary ought to be precisely calibrated because viscosity is proportional to biquadrate of capillary diameter.
  • the method requires little amount of fluid, costs little, and is able of quick measurement, but is difficult to measure with accuracy.
  • the reason is that, in case of measuring the viscosity using the natural frequency of a droplet, the natural frequency of the droplet is hardly affected by viscosity.
  • the amplitude of the droplet is subtly affected by not only viscosity but also volume, surface tension and density of the droplet and amplitude of the droplet vibrator, and these diverse variables cannot be accurately calibrated.
  • the present inventor completed the present invention having found that the ratio of the dynamic curvature change rate of a vibrating droplet to the static curvature change rate of the droplet is only affected by the viscosity of a fluid.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a viscosity measuring method comprising: (i) a step of acquiring an image of a droplet in a static state without vibration; (ii) a step of using a vibrator to vibrate the droplet, and acquiring an image of the droplet in a dynamic state in which the droplet is maximally extended in a horizontal direction or maximally extended in a vertical direction; (iii) a step of obtaining the static curvature change rate of the droplet interface and the dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet interface from the images acquired in step (i) and (ii); and (iv) a step of substituting the ratio of the static curvature change rate of the droplet interface to the dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet interface, obtained by using the following equation (3), into an interaction equation adjusted for the vibrator, obtained by using the following equation (4),
  • ⁇ f ⁇ ( ( ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ z ) s ( ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ z ) d ) Equation ⁇ ⁇ ( 4 )
  • a viscosity measuring method comprising: (i) a step of acquiring an image of a droplet in a static state without vibration; (ii) a step of using vibrator to vibrate the droplet, and acquiring an image of the droplet in a dynamic state in which the droplet is maximally extended in a horizontal direction or maximally extended in a vertical direction; (iii) a step of obtaining the static curvature change rate of the droplet interface and the dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet interface from the images acquired in step (i) and (ii); and (iv) a step of substituting the ratio of the static curvature change rate of the droplet interface to the dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet interface obtained by the following equation (3), into an interaction equation adjusted for the vibrator obtained by the following equation (4),
  • ⁇ f ⁇ ( ( ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ z ) s ( ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ z ) d ) Equation ⁇ ⁇ ( 4 )
  • the droplet may be hanging under a vibrator or placed on a vibrating plate.
  • the droplet is vibrated by the vibrator or the vibrating plate, and it is filmed to obtain the image of the droplet in the state of maximal expansion in horizontal direction or maximal expansion in vertical direction.
  • the droplet image, in a static state without vibration, may be obtained before or after obtaining the image in a dynamic state.
  • the droplet interface curvature change rate in a static state is obtained from the droplet image in a static state
  • the droplet curvature change rate in a dynamic state is obtained by using all or one of the droplet images in the dynamic state.
  • the droplet curvature change rate in the static state and the droplet curvature change rate in the dynamic state is substituted into an interaction equation, previously obtained and adjusted for the vibrator, to obtain the viscosity of the droplet.
  • the method of the present invention may be applied to diverse liquids, in particular, body fluid. More specifically, the body fluid may be blood, urine, etc.
  • the viscosity of a fluid may be measured very easily, precisely and quickly. More particularly, the method of the present invention may be usefully applicable to the field of examination and diagnosis, such as viscosity measurement of blood.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vibrating droplet according to one of the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, to measure the viscosity.
  • FIG. 2 shows an amplitude change of the droplet at its natural frequency according to volume of the droplet.
  • FIG. 3 shows the dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet at its natural frequency according to volume of the droplet.
  • FIG. 4 shows the change of dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet at its natural frequency according to surface tension of the droplet.
  • FIG. 5 shows the change in the ratio of the dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet to the static curvature change rate of the droplet at its natural frequency according to surface tension of the droplet.
  • the viscosity measuring method of the present invention uses the ratio of the dynamic curvature change rate of the droplet to the static curvature change rate of the droplet, analyzes interface shape of the droplet to obtain necessary information for the viscosity measurement.
  • the droplet interface shape in a static state is formed with balance between capillary force ( ⁇ ) occurring due to surface tension ( ⁇ ) and curvature of interface ( ⁇ ), and hydraulic head ( ⁇ gz) in proportion to height (z) generated by density contrast ( ⁇ ) between the droplet and the open air.
  • ⁇ capillary force
  • ⁇ gz hydraulic head
  • z height
  • ⁇ density contrast
  • ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ z is interface curvature change rate in the direction of height, and the subscript “s” indicates the static state.
  • the curvature change rate is calculated from the interface shape obtained by filming of a droplet in the static state, and is substituted into the equation (1) to obtain the ratio of the surface tension to the density contrast.
  • Methods of obtaining the curvature change rate from the interface shape include diverse methods such as numerical analysis method, perturbation method or method of using width and height of the droplet, etc.
  • the droplet vibrated at its natural frequency is snapshotted, and the interface shape of the droplet is analyzed.
  • the droplet may be in a form of pendent drop, hanging under a vibrating device, or in a form of sessile drop, placed on a vibrating plate.
  • the interface curvature change rate of the droplet in the dynamic state can be obtained by filming the distorted droplet to conduct the interface shape analysis.
  • New parameter ( ⁇ d ) of identical unit to the surface tension can be obtained by substituting the above droplet curvature change rate in the dynamic state into the following equation (2).
  • ⁇ d - ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ g ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ z ) d Equation ⁇ ⁇ ( 2 )
  • subscript “d” indicates the dynamic state.
  • New parameter obtained in this method does not indicate an already-established physical property, but it is defined as the dynamic curvature tension in the present description.
  • the dynamic curvature tension Whilst the dynamic curvature tension subtly changes according to the droplet viscosity, it is hardly affected by the volume change of the used droplet. Furthermore, the dynamic curvature tension changes when the surface tension of the used droplet changes, but the ratio of the dynamic curvature tension to the actual surface tension in static state ( ⁇ d / ⁇ ), defined in the following equation (3), hardly changes, while only affected by viscosity. As in the following equation (3), this value becomes equal to the ratio of the dynamic curvature change rate to the static curvature change rate, thus becoming a dimensionless number unrelated to viscosity, surface tension and gravity of the fluid.
  • the equation is revised for the amplitude of the vibrator used in the measurement, and the ratio of the curvature change rate according to viscosity,
  • the viscosity when measuring the viscosity of a new fluid, the viscosity may be accurately measured, independent of the volume change and the surface tension change of the used droplet by using the equation (4) which is an interaction equation adjusted for the vibrator in which ( ⁇ / ⁇ z) s is obtained by analyzing the interface shape of the droplet in a static state and ( ⁇ / ⁇ z) d is obtained by analyzing the interface shape of the droplet in a vibrating state.
  • the volume of the fluid of surface tension of 0.06 N/m was increased from 9 ⁇ l to 10 ⁇ l and to 11 ⁇ l, and the results of vibration were compared.
  • examination of the droplet amplitude identifies that the droplet amplitude changes according to the viscosity as well as the volume of the used droplet very subtly.
  • the dynamic curvature tension changes subtly according to the viscosity but not to the surface tension.
  • the surface tension of the droplet having a volume of 10 ⁇ l was modified from 0.054 N/m to 0.06 N/m and to 0.066 N/m, and the results of vibration were compared.
  • the dynamic curvature tension changes subtly according to the surface tension.
  • the ratio of the dynamic curvature tension to the surface tension changes subtly according to the viscosity, but not greatly to the surface tension.

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US15/314,438 2014-05-28 2015-05-15 Viscosity measuring method Active 2035-06-30 US10113863B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2014-0064405 2014-05-28
KR1020140064405A KR102035859B1 (ko) 2014-05-28 2014-05-28 점도 측정 방법
PCT/KR2015/004889 WO2015182907A1 (fr) 2014-05-28 2015-05-15 Procede de mesure de viscosite

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US (1) US10113863B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3150986B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6410274B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR102035859B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106461525B (fr)
AU (1) AU2015268306B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112016027716A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2950403C (fr)
CL (1) CL2016003011A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL249222A0 (fr)
MX (1) MX2016015425A (fr)
RU (1) RU2679452C9 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015182907A1 (fr)

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CN111765929B (zh) * 2020-06-22 2021-10-15 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 加注管道流量图像测量方法及测量装置
CN111982752B (zh) * 2020-08-19 2022-08-23 深圳大学 一种使用智能设备识别液体的方法和系统
CN117606980A (zh) * 2023-09-22 2024-02-27 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 测量液体流动性能的方法和用于观察液滴的装置

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JPH0432745A (ja) 1990-05-30 1992-02-04 Natl Res Inst For Metals 液滴物性の測定装置
JPH10197329A (ja) 1997-01-14 1998-07-31 Fuji Denpa Koki Kk 液滴の振動計測方法及び装置
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JPH0432745A (ja) 1990-05-30 1992-02-04 Natl Res Inst For Metals 液滴物性の測定装置
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KR20110079919A (ko) 2008-11-13 2011-07-11 마이크로 모우션, 인코포레이티드 진동 계측기 내 유체 파라미터 측정 방법 및 장치
JP2011059104A (ja) 2009-08-12 2011-03-24 Nagoya Institute Of Technology 表面物性の測定方法及び測定装置
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MX2016015425A (es) 2017-07-04
RU2679452C2 (ru) 2019-02-11
RU2016149554A3 (fr) 2018-11-14
EP3150986A1 (fr) 2017-04-05
CA2950403C (fr) 2021-11-16
CA2950403A1 (fr) 2015-12-03
EP3150986B1 (fr) 2019-02-20
AU2015268306B2 (en) 2019-08-22
JP6410274B2 (ja) 2018-10-24
KR102035859B1 (ko) 2019-10-25
US20180094916A1 (en) 2018-04-05
IL249222A0 (en) 2017-02-28
WO2015182907A1 (fr) 2015-12-03
CN106461525B (zh) 2019-08-30
BR112016027716A2 (pt) 2017-08-15
AU2015268306A1 (en) 2016-12-08
CN106461525A (zh) 2017-02-22
EP3150986A4 (fr) 2018-01-17
RU2679452C9 (ru) 2019-04-17
CL2016003011A1 (es) 2017-09-08
KR20150137188A (ko) 2015-12-09
RU2016149554A (ru) 2018-07-02
JP2017516999A (ja) 2017-06-22

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