UA99172C2 - Device and method for performing pyrolysis and using thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device to perform a medium-temperature pyrolysis with a cylindrical-shaped pyrolysis furnace (1) whose interior surfaces (14) are equipped with an inorganic thermal insulator, wherein heating elements (9) are arranged on or against the interior surfaces (14) of the insulating layers (15). The control of the pyrolysis process is described by means of a control of the temperature of the heating elements, so that a high yield of carbon and/or fine carbon-black, pyrolysis oil and combustion gas is achieved. Furthermore, arrangements are described which permit the pyrolysis of both whole used tires and also ' of biomass in one facility.

Description

The invention relates to a clean industrial installation that meets environmental requirements for the leveling of hydrocarbon-containing substances of any kind to obtain, for example, carbohydrate granules, pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and metal components.

Pyrolysis methods for processing organic materials and mixtures of materials are generally known.

So, for example, OE 69511626 T2 describes the pyrolysis of waste from the inside of a rotating furnace that is heated.

RE 19930071 C2 describes a method and installation for pyrolysis and gasification of organic materials and mixtures of materials. At the same time, the organic material is brought into contact with the material of the fluidized bed of combustion. Pyrolysis products appear in the form of gases with condensed substances and hydrocarbon-containing residues.

PE 4441423 A1 describes a method of pyrolysis and a device that ensures the production of usable gas from waste. In this case, a pyrolysis drum is used.

RE 4126319 A1 reports on the method of pyrolysis of vulcanizates of silicone rubber, in which the vulcanizates are heated to 350-700 "С and the resulting volatile salt oceans condense. As products, siloxanes and fillers are formed.

RE 4011945 C1 describes low-temperature pyrolysis for degassing organic material in a heated pyrolysis chamber, in which the pyrolysis material is compacted and passes through the chamber in this state. Gaseous pyrolysis products are removed.

OE 3932803 A describes a pyrolytic method that allows organic material to react when boric acid/boron oxide and organic nitrogen compounds are added to coal and graphite in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.

RE 2834475 C2 explains the method of pyrolysis fuel oil processing. As a result of this method, a special carbon (coke needles) is produced due to the use of a promoter liquid.

Still known methods are operated with a rotating tubular furnace, pyrolysis drums, in a fluidized bed, under pressure, with material compaction or under an inert atmosphere. Here, increased costs for devices, material, energy and logistics are necessary.

When using inert gases (non-oxidizing atmosphere), the productivity of comparable devices is negligible. The creation of a fluidized bed requires increased energy consumption, since, firstly, the fluidized bed must be "maintained", on the other hand, pyrolyzable materials must be mechanically processed so that they can effectively contact the fluidized bed.

The task of the installation is to propose a new energetically and economically particularly advantageous technology for the agitation of various hydrocarbon-containing substances.

This task is solved by the characteristics of the installation according to clause 1, the method according to clause 23 and the preferred applications according to clause 29.

According to the invention, an installation with a cylindrical pyrolysis furnace is proposed for medium-temperature pyrolysis, the inner surfaces of which are equipped with an insulating layer of inorganic heat-insulating material, and heating elements are located on or in the inner surfaces of the insulating layers.

In the pyrolysis furnace, a cylindrical reaction container is placed, which is open upwards and is closed by a lid in the form of a convex base, preferably a spherical base, and the lid provides at least one gas outlet opening, which is connected to the gas outlet line from the pyrolysis furnace, and a sieve body is located in the lid , surrounding the gas outlet and abutting its outer edges to the inner surface of the lid.

Next, in the reaction vessel above the materials that undergo heaving, there is a device for separating high-purity fine carbon black, which consists of a perforated sheet, which rests on the side of the wall of the reaction vessel and on which there are perforated sheets directed perpendicularly and upwards.

A cooling coil for condensing the pyrolysis oil is connected to at least one gas outlet line. The pyrolysis oil is collected in the pyrolysis oil catch tank, while the remaining pyrolysis gas is directed to the gas receiver.

Central to the functioning of the pyrolysis furnace is a control device for controlling and regulating the heating elements, and the control device is connected to means for detecting the formation of pyrolysis gas and at least one temperature sensor for determining the temperature of the pyrolysis gas in such a way that depending on the detected formation of pyrolysis gas and /or given temperatures of pyrolysis gas and/or given time of control or regulation, a step-by-step reduction of the heating power of the heating elements is carried out until all heating elements are turned off.

In the method in the case of the proposed medium-temperature pyrolysis, preferably after loading the pyrolysis furnace with a reaction vessel filled with a material undergoing swelling, individual or all heating elements of the pyrolysis furnace are heated to a predetermined first heating temperature, and the formation of pyrolysis gas is detected using a sensor for detecting the formation of pyrolysis gas.

In other words: in the first phase of pyrolysis, individual or, preferably, all heating elements in the pyrolysis furnace are heated to the first heating temperature. The heating temperature is between 650 and 820 "C. The first phase is maintained until the pyrolysis process in the reactor develops to such an extent that a pyrolysis gas of a certain quality or composition or with certain properties is produced. The flammability or flammability of the pyrolysis gas, which is used as a qualitative measure, is mainly determined forming gas.

The flammability or flammability of the gas can be obtained with the help of appropriate sensors, which, in accordance with the requirements of safety technology, are installed in or on the gas outlet line. Alternatively, the flammability test can also be performed manually.

Since other properties or compositions of the pyrolysis gas are attracted as a characteristic of the progress of the pyrolysis, suitable analysis sensors can be applied, such as sensors for certain constituents of the gas or their concentrations. This list is not closed and covers all detection methods.

When detecting the formation of pyrolysis gas, for example by detecting the flammability of pyrolysis gas, the heating elements are adjusted using the control device in accordance with the adjustment to the second heating temperature set by the second phase of pyrolysis and lying below the first heating temperature, and/or according to the setting of individual groups of heating elements to the working state "disabled".

In other words, the second phase of pyrolysis begins with the detection of pyrolysis gas with the appropriate quality or composition or properties. With the help of detection, the heating temperature in individual or even all heating elements is adjusted to a significantly lower heating temperature compared to the first phase. In the second phase of pyrolysis, the second heating temperature carried out by the heating body is, in particular, between 450 and 520 "С.

Also, individual heating elements can be turned off completely, so that only part of the heating elements are used to heat the reaction vessel. Mostly, in the second phase, the heating elements in the vault pyrolysis furnace are turned off and heating is produced by the only remaining heating elements. Different heating temperatures of individual heating elements can also be set.

Then, with the help of a temperature sensor, the set temperature of the pyrolysis gas is detected, and when the set temperature of the pyrolysis gas is detected, the heating elements are again adjusted by the control device according to the setting of all heating elements to the operating state "off".

Due to the exothermic pyrolysis, the actual temperature of the reaction is higher than the temperature produced by the heating bodies.

The set gas temperature, which is determined using the pyrolysis temperature sensor, is preferably a temperature below 140 °C, preferably between 100 and 110 70.

With the help of the proposed installation according to the method, for example, from old tires, rubber or rapeseed cake, along with pyrolysis gas, the following three main components are produced as synthesis gas or combustible gas.

The first component is carbon, which with this technology consists of carbon with a purity of more than 90 95 and is most widely used as soft fine-grained activated carbon.

In the experiments, the output of 350 kg of carbon was achieved when 1 ton of rapeseed cake was raised. 400 kg of carbon was obtained from 1 ton of old wheels.

The second component is pyrolysis oil, which is used as medium oil or fuel oil, as well as in the aqueous fraction as aromatics, binders or solvents, resins or fragrances, etc. 1 ton of rapeseed meal yielded 600 liters of VTI fuel (biomass-in-liquid) during the test phase. 1 ton of old wheels yielded 330 liters of oil.

The third component, in the case of old wheels as a starting material, is spring steel, which essentially retains its structure and properties due to the implementation of the method. By pyrolysis of 1 ton of old wheels, about 200 kg of steel can be obtained.

In order to achieve optimal results, a number of constructive measures are provided, which concern, first of all, both the pyrolysis furnace and the reaction vessel.

Thus, one preferred option provides that the inner surfaces, the insulating layers and the introduced reaction vessel assume a centric position relative to each other, and preferably the pyrolysis furnace and the reaction vessel have a circular cross-section. This mainly affects the internal distribution of heat.

The outer casing of the pyrolysis furnace is mainly made of steel with a thickness of the casing preferably "5 mm to guarantee high stability of the container.

The insulating layers located on the inner surfaces of the casing and/or the vault and/or the base of the pyrolysis furnace are preferably silicate-bonded aluminum-iron-magnesium silicate with aluminum fillers, preferably Noiaii-eF. They can be made of separate components and are located mainly with an overlap. The advantage of this option is that damaged structural elements can be replaced individually. At the same time, the expansion of the material due to thermal effects can be balanced, without the occurrence of stresses in the insulating layer.

Heating elements are located, preferably, in the pyrolysis furnace on or in the inner surfaces of the insulating layer of the casing, and/or on the insulating layer of the base and/or on the inner surface of the insulating layer of the vault. With the help of the control device, it is possible to separately adjust the corresponding group of heating elements in or on the inner surfaces of the insulating layer of the casing and/or on or in the inner surface of the insulating layer of the base and/or on or in the inner surface of the insulating layer of the vault. Also, this measure is essential for optimal temperature control during process temperature generation by heating bodies. It has been shown in the experiments that it is beneficial in the first phase of pyrolysis to heat the reaction vessel with the help of heating elements located on the inner surface of the casing, at the base and in the vault of the pyrolysis furnace, and return in the second phase of pyrolysis mainly to heating the reaction vessel with heating elements located on the inner the surface of the casing and at the base of the pyrolysis furnace, and turn off the heating on the surface of the vault.

Further, one preferred option provides that, in addition to the gas outlet for the gas outlet line in the center of the cover, one or more other gas outlet openings for the gas outlet line are located not in the center of the cover. The gas outlet line or gas outlet lines must be connected at an angle of 4307 to 460" to the horizontal, preferably 440" to 50", especially, with an angle of -5" to the gas outlet opening or openings in the cover. These measures have a favorable effect on the formation of a flow profile in the upper space of the reaction vessel, which promotes and enhances the separation of fine soot.

In this regard, the version of the sieve tank, located in the lid of the reaction vessel and surrounding the gas outlet and adjacent to the inner surface of the lid with its outer edges, is important. This sieve body is made, preferably, in the form of a cylinder open upwards, or in the form of a convex body, preferably in the form of a spherical sector or a truncated cone and is placed in the center in the middle of the lid. In its lower zone, directed into the reaction tank, the sieve body is closed, preferably in the form of a flat baffle for suspended substances contained in the gas.

In particular, incompletely pyrolyzed particles return to the reaction zone to react further.

The device for the separation of fine soot is made, preferably, as a circular perforated sheet, on which vertically upward perforated sheets of perforated tubular elements located in the center at a distance from each other and inserted into each other are arranged. This perforated sheet causes the pyrolysis gas to swirl, as well as the particles contained in it.

At the same time, in the form of flow conditions on a perforated sheet or when flowing through the holes of a perforated sheet, zones of different flow speeds or zones with a high shear speed are formed, in which, on the one hand, large conglomerates of soot particles are crushed, and on the other hand, there are zones that contribute to the settling of fine soot particles due to low flow velocities.

Since the installation should alternatively be suitable for both old wheel reclamation in general and biomass in the form of pellets or cake, one preferred option, in particular for the application of wet biomass, provides that an insert device can be located in the reaction vessel, which divides the reaction vessel into receiving sections for of the reaction material subject to agitation, which pass from the bottom up.

Such an insertable device can be formed from intersecting on the longitudinal axis, which runs along the longitudinal axis of the reaction vessel, the plane of the bodies, preferably metal sheets. The walls of the plug-in device preferably have vertical openings, in particular slits, and they are open on one side in the base area. Thus, optimal moisture exchange is achieved in the initial stage of pyrolysis and, at the same time, a corresponding uniform decrease in the moisture content of the expanded material.

The plug-in device leads to the fact that in the initial stage of pyrolysis, water evaporated from wet biomass condenses on the surfaces of the plug-in device, flows to the base and is collected there. The gaps in the base of the metal sheets allow the uniform distribution of condensed water on the basis of the reaction capacity.

New evaporation of water takes place there, the basis of the reaction capacity, which is supported by heating. Due to this insertion device, the grouting material can, on the one hand, be dehydrated and at the same time re-moisturized, however, evenly, until the water is completely removed from the grouting material and evaporates. During pyrolysis, the water is converted into hydrogen, which then reacts with the charred products with the formation of more valuable hydrocarbon compounds.So, on the basis of the uniform distribution or formation of H2 in the reaction zone, uniform formation of hydrocarbons becomes possible.

With the help of implementation examples, the installation is explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 - General appearance,

Fig. 2 - Section of an empty pyrolysis furnace,

Fig. C - View of the sieve body,

Fig. 4 - Device for separation of fine soot and

Fig. 5 - Insert device.

Fi. 1 schematically shows the general structure of a pyrolysis installation for medium-temperature pyrolysis with a cylindrical pyrolysis furnace 1, which has a steel casing 2-5 mm thick, and the inner surfaces 14 of which are provided with an insulating layer 15 of inorganic heat-insulating material, and on or in the inner surfaces 14 of the insulating layers 15 heating elements 9 are located.

At the same time, the heating elements 9 located in the pyrolysis furnace 1 on the inner surfaces of the insulating layer 15.1 of the casing and/or on the insulating layer 15.2 of the base and/or on the inner surface of the insulating layer 15.3 of the cover form appropriate groups, which can be individually controlled with the help of the control device 10, respectively.

In the furnace 1 along the guide rails 23, a cylindrical reaction container 2 is introduced, which is open at the top and can be closed by a cover 5 in the form of a convex base, preferably a spherical base, and the cover 5 has two gas outlet holes 4, which are connected to the line Z of the gas outlet from the furnace 1 pyrolysis. The pyrolysis furnace 1 is closed using the lifting door 22.

A cooling coil b is connected to the main line Z of the gas outlet for the condensation of pyrolysis oil, which is collected in the collection tank 7 of pyrolysis oil. The remaining gas is sent through the gas filter to the gas collector 8.

A separator 21 of solid particles and/or water condensate is located in front of the cooling coil 6.

Next, the control device 10 for controlling and regulating the heating elements 9 is shown, and the control device 10 is connected to the means 12 for detecting the formation of pyrolysis gas and at least one temperature sensor 13 for determining the temperature of the pyrolysis gas, so that depending on the detected formation of pyrolysis gas and/or given pyrolysis gas temperatures and/or given control or regulation time, step-by-step control of the heating power of the heating elements 9 is carried out until all heating elements 9 are turned off.

Means 12 for detecting the formation of pyrolysis gas is mainly a sensor for determining the flammability and/or flammability of pyrolysis gas.

The temperature sensor 13 is located outside the pyrolysis furnace 1 and in front of the water condensate separator 21 or the cooling coil 6.

Fig. 2 shows the location of the insulating layer 15 and the heating bodies 9 in a section of an empty pyrolysis furnace.

Located on the inner surfaces 14.1 of the casing, 14.2 of the base and 14.3 of the vault, the insulating layers 15 are in each case a silicate-bonded aluminum-iron-magnesium silicate with aluminum fillers, preferably Noiai-5F).

At least one of the insulating layers 15.1, 15.2, 15.3 is made of separate components, and they are located preferably with an overlap, as shown in Fig. 2 in the insulating layer 15.1 of the cylindrical casing.

Next, it can be seen that the heating elements 9.1 on the insulating layer 15.1 of the casing are fixed on the clamping rings 16 located here.

Fig. C shows the upper part of the reaction container 2 with a lid 5 in the form of a spherical base.

The cover 5 has two gas outlet holes 4, the gas outlet lines of which connect with an angle of inclination to the horizontal from 4307 to 460", preferably from 440" to 450", especially with an angle of inclination of 145" to the gas outlet hole 4 in the cover 5.

The gas outlet hole 4 for the gas outlet line Z is centered in the cover 5, while the second other gas outlet hole 4 for the other gas outlet line Z is located off-center in the cover 5.

In the cover 5, there is a mesh body 17, surrounding the gas outlet hole 4, which adjoins the inner surface of the cover 5 with its outer edges.

The sieve body 17 is made in the form of an open cylinder, or as a convex body, preferably in the form of a spherical sector or a truncated cone and is oriented towards the center in the middle of the lid 5. In its lower part, directed into the reaction container 2, it is made closed, which preferably has the shape equal baffle plate 18.

Below the sieve body 17 in the reaction tank 2 there is a device 19 for separating fine soot and, if necessary, when the biomass is stirred, an insert device 20.

The device 19 rests on the fasteners 24 on the inner wall of the reaction vessel 2.

As shown in Fig. 4, the device 19 for separating fine soot is made as a circular perforated sheet 19.1, on which there are perforated sheets directed vertically upwards, from centrally located at a distance from each other and in the form of perforated tubular elements 19.2 inserted into each other. The fine soot is collected in the thus formed annular sections, and can, after opening the lid 5, be pulled out with the entire device 19 from the reaction vessel 2 and then separated.

The insert device 20 shown in Fig. 5, is used in the heaving of biomass pellets or cakes. The insert device 20 divides the reaction container 2 into receiving sections 20.1-p, which pass from the bottom up, for the reaction material to be stirred, preferably into receiving sections of the same size.

The walls 20.2 of the insert device 20 have vertically passing holes, preferably slits 20.3, and the slits are open on one side in the bottom (base) area.

As shown, the insert device 20 is preferably formed of intersecting on the longitudinal axis, which runs along the longitudinal axis of the reaction container 2, flat bodies 20.4, preferably metal sheets.

In the proposed installation and method of pyrolysis of raw materials containing hydrocarbons, in particular, old wheels, bio-waste, wood, rubber and residues from the production of rapeseed oil, the material to be pyrolyzed is introduced, if possible in one piece, into the reaction vessel and subjected to pyrolysis in a low-temperature zone.

A significant advantage is that different materials could be prepared in advance, so that the pyrolysis installation is applicable with a relatively quick change for different types of pyrolysis raw materials, without changing the furnace.

This method is extremely easy to implement and manipulate, and also guarantees a constant quality of the produced carbon, as experiments in pilot plants have shown.

In connection with the measurements on old wheels, rubber or rapeseed oil, which in Germany alone reach the size of 700,000 tons of old wheels and 4 million tons of rapeseed waste per year and are constantly growing, the technology corresponding to the invention has great prospects.

As already described, from the initial products, first of all, additives are not obtained, but variously necessary initial products for the industry, including pure carbon, pyrolysis oil, steel and gas.

In the energy balance of the pyrolysis furnace for 750 kg of old wheels, the electricity generation (pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis fuel oil) of about 3500 kWh opposes the energy consumption of 500 kWh.

At a capacity of 1,000 kg of rapeseed cake, the electricity production corresponds to about 7,000 kWh, which is opposed to the energy consumption of 500 kWh.

List of reference items 1. Pyrolysis furnace; 2. Reaction capacity;

Z. Gas line; 4. Gas outlet hole; 5. A cover in the form of a convex base, preferably a spherical base; 6. Cooling coil; 7. Catching tank of pyrolysis oil; 8. Gas reservoir; 9. Heating elements; 9.1. Casing; 9.2. Basis; 9.3. Cover; 10. Control device; 11. Gas filter; 12. A means of detecting the formation of pyrolysis gas; 13. Temperature sensor; 14. Internal surfaces; 14.1. Inner surfaces of the casing; 14.2. Inner surfaces of the base; 14.3. Inner surfaces of the cover; 15. Insulating layer; 15.1. The shaving layer of the casing; 15.2. Insulating layer of the base; 15.3. Insulating layer of the cover; 16. Clamping rings; 17. Sated body; 18. Deflector shield; 19. Device for separating fine soot; 19.1. Perforated sheet; 19.2. Perforated sheet (tubular elements); 20. Insertion device; Clause 20.1 Reception sections; 20.2. Walls; 20.2. Gaps; 20.3. Flat bodies; 21. Water condensate separator; 22. Lifting door; 23. Guide rails; 24. Fastening pen: MBTI Pn 12 that I ovo z and GB zh b no nya i zh I zh rkachechu y Ye so oezaryaani y

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Claims (1)

1. An installation for medium-temperature pyrolysis, which contains a cylindrical pyrolysis furnace (1), the inner surfaces (14) of which are provided with an INSULATING layer (15) of an inorganic heat-insulating material, and the heating elements (9) are located on or in the inner surfaces (14) of the insulating layers (15), a cylindrical reaction container (2), which is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace (1), which is open at the top and is closed by a lid (5) in the form of a convex base, preferably a spherical base, and the lid (5) has at least one hole ( 4) the gas outlet, connected by the line (3) of the gas outlet from the pyrolysis furnace (1), and in the cover (5) there is a surrounding opening (4) of the gas outlet, a sieve body (17), which adjoins the inner surface of the cover with its outer edges ( 5), in the reaction container (2), above the material to be stirred, there is a device (19) for separating highly pure fine carbon black, made of a perforated sheet (19.1), which rests on the side of the wall of the reaction container and on which the directions are located ovated vertically and upwards perforated sheets (19.2), at least one cooling coil (b) connected to the gas outlet line (3) for condensation of pyrolysis oil, at least one collecting tank (7) for pyrolysis oil 1 gas collector (8) for gas that remains, as well as a control device (10) for controlling and regulating the heating elements (9), and the control device (10) is connected to the means (12) for detecting the formation of pyrolysis gas and to at least one temperature sensor (13) for determining the temperature of pyrolysis gas so that, taking into account the detected generation of pyrolysis gas 1 or the set temperatures of the pyrolysis gas, 1/or the set time, step-by-step reduction of the heating power of the heating elements (9) is controlled or regulated until all heating elements (9) are turned off. 2. The installation according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the inner surfaces (14), insulating layers (15) of the introduced reaction vessel (2) are centrally located relative to each other, and preferably the pyrolysis furnace (1) and the reaction vessel (2) have circular cross section. 3. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by the fact that the outer casing of the pyrolysis furnace (1) is made of steel, and the thickness of the casing is preferably "5 mm. 4. Installation according to any of claims 1-3, which is characterized by the fact that the insulating layers (15) located on the inner surfaces (14) are respectively silicate bound aluminum-iron-magnesium silicate with aluminum fillers, preferably Noiats-57. 5. Installation according to any of claims 1-4, which is characterized by the fact that at least one of the insulating layers (15.1, 15.2, 15.3) is made of separate components, which are located, preferably, overlapping. b. Installation according to any of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that in the furnace (1) pyrolysis in or on the inner surfaces of the insulating layer (15.1) of the jacket and/or on the insulating layer (15.2) base, and/or heating elements (9) are located on the inner surface of the insulating layer (15.3) of the cover. 7. Installation according to any of claims 1-6, which is characterized by the fact that the heating elements (9.1) in or on the insulating layer (15.1) of the casing are fixed on additional clamping rings (16). 8. Installation according to any of claims 1-7, which is characterized by the fact that groups of heating elements (9) on or in the inner surfaces of the insulating layer (15.1) of the base 1/or on or in the inner surfaces of the insulating layer (15.2) of the bottom, and/or on or in the inner surface of the insulating layer (15.3), the lids can be controlled separately using the control device (10), respectively. 9. Installation according to any of claims 1-8, characterized in that the gas outlet opening (4) for the gas outlet line (3) is centrally located in the cover (5). 10. Installation according to claim 9, which is characterized by the fact that one or more other gas outlet holes (4) for the gas outlet line (3) are located off-center in the cover (5). 11. Installation according to any of claims 9 or 10, which is characterized in that the gas outlet line or lines (3) of the gas outlet with an angle of inclination to the horizontal from 4307 to 60", preferably from 4407 to 50, especially with an angle of inclination of 1457, are adjacent to the gas outlet hole (4) or to the holes in the cover (5). 12. Installation according to any one of claims 9-11, which is characterized by the fact that the gas outlet lines (3) enter the main gas outlet line. 13. Installation according to any of claims 1-12, which is characterized by the fact that the sieve body (17) is made in the form of a cylinder open upwards or in the form of a convex body, preferably in the form of a spherical sector or a truncated cone, and is centrally located inside the cover (5). 14. Installation according to any of claims 1-13, which is characterized by the fact that the screen body (17) in its lower part, directed into the reaction container (2), is made closed, preferably in the form of a flat baffle (18 ). 15. Installation according to any one of claims 1-14, which is characterized by the fact that the device (19) for separating fine soot is designed as a circular perforated sheet (19.1), on which there are perforated sheets directed vertically upwards from centrally located at a distance of one from one and inserted into each other perforated tubular elements (19.2). 16. The installation according to any of claims 1-15, which is characterized by the fact that in the reaction container (2) an insert device (20) is additionally located, which divides the reaction container (2) into receiving sections (20.1-n), which pass from bottom to top, for the reaction material to be agitated. 17. Installation according to claim 16, which is characterized by the fact that the walls (20.2) of the plug-in device (20) have holes passing vertically, preferably slits (20.3), and the slits are open on one side in the area of the base. 18. Installation according to any one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the insertion device (20) is formed of flat bodies (20.4), preferably metal sheets, which intersect on a longitudinal axis that passes along the longitudinal axis of the reaction vessel (2 ). 19. Installation according to any of claims 1-18, which is characterized by the fact that the reaction tank is made with the possibility of rolling and/or linear movement, and preferably on the base of the pyrolysis furnace (1) there are guide rails (23) for rolling 1/or filling the reaction vessel (2). 20. Installation according to any one of claims 1-19, which differs in that a separator (21) of solid particles and/or water condensate is located in front of the cooling coil (6). 21. Installation according to any of claims 1-20, which is characterized in that the means (12) for detecting the formation of pyrolysis gas is a sensor for determining the flammability 1/or flammability of the pyrolysis gas. 22. Installation according to any one of claims 1-2I, which is characterized in that at least one temperature sensor (13) is located outside the furnace (1) of pyrolysis 1 before the separator (21) of the water condensate or the cooling coil (b). 23. The method of operation of the installation according to any of claims 1-22, in which, after loading the pyrolysis furnace with a reaction vessel filled with material to be stirred, in the first phase of pyrolysis, individual or all heating elements of the pyrolysis furnace are heated to a given first heating temperature, and with the help of of the sensor for detecting the formation of pyrolysis gas, the formation of pyrolysis gas is detected, and with the help of the control device when detecting the formation of pyrolysis gas, the heating elements are set according to the regulation to the second heating temperature set for the second phase of pyrolysis, which is lower than the first heating temperature, 1/or according to the setting individual groups of heating elements to the working state "off", and with the help of a temperature sensor, the set temperature of the pyrolysis gas is detected, and with the help of the control device, when detecting the set temperature of the pyrolysis gas, the heating elements are adjusted according to the setting of all heating elements to the working state "disabled". 24. The method according to claim 23, which differs in that in the first phase of pyrolysis, the first heating temperature produced by the heating elements is between 650 and 1,820 C. 25. The method according to any one of claims 23 or 24, which is characterized by the fact that in the second phase of pyrolysis, the second heating temperature produced by the heating elements is between 450 1 520 2C. 26. The method according to any one of claims 23-25, which is characterized by the fact that the given temperature of the gas, which is determined using a pyrolysis temperature sensor, is a temperature below 140 2С, preferably a temperature between 1001 110 2С. 27. The method according to any of claims 23-26, which differs in that in the first phase of pyrolysis, the reaction vessel is heated by heating elements installed on the inner surface of the casing, on the base and on the lid of the pyrolysis furnace. 28. The method according to any of claims 23-27, which is characterized by the fact that in the second phase of pyrolysis, the reaction vessel is heated by heating elements installed on the inner surface of the casing and on the base of the pyrolysis furnace. 29. Application of the installation according to paragraph | and/or the method according to claim 23 for raising old wheels in general or biomass in the form of pellets. TNe ipuepnop geYia(e5 (0 a dehise (o regiogt a teiisht-(etretashte rugoiYuviv hf a suplagsai- 5Varei rugoiYuviv Gagpase (1) mpove ishegiog zstasev (14) age edshrred miy ap ipograpis Fegtai ip5shIasog, hmVegeip peaype eiIeptepiv (gaprey age) age op og araipvi (De shiepog 5shiasev (14) oi She ip5shaipe Iauegv5 (15). Te sopigoi oi Fe rugoiuv rgosev5 15 devstibed Bu teapvoi oi a sopigoiYi oi Fe sTetregaishte oi She BPeaypre eIeptepi5, 5o Fai a PirP uieYid oi sagrop apd/og Ppe sagrop-riask, rugoiYuviv o! api sotrivtsop times 15 aspieued. Eigpfegtoge, agtapretepiv age devstirey khzhmVisn regtii She rugoiuvov oi bo x/Poie ivey ygev apa aizo "oi Biota;v5 1p ope Tasishtsu.