DE202008008767U1 - Apparatus for carrying out a pyrolysis - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for carrying out a medium-temperature pyrolysis with a cylindrical pyrolysis furnace (1) whose inner surfaces (14) are provided with an insulating layer (15) made of an inorganic heat insulating material, wherein heating elements (9) are arranged on or on the inner surfaces (14) of the insulating layers (15) are,
with a in the pyrolysis furnace (1) can be introduced reaction container (2) of cylindrical shape, the top open and with a lid (5) in the form of a curved bottom, preferably a dished bottom, closable, wherein the lid (5) at least one with a gas discharge line (3) from the pyrolysis furnace (1) connectable gas outlet opening (4) and in the lid (5) a gas outlet opening (4) enclosing Siebkörper (17) is arranged, which terminates with its outer edges with the inner surface of the lid (5),
in the reaction vessel (2) above the material to be blasted further a device (19) for separating highly pure fine carbon black is arranged, which consists of a perforated plate (19.1) which is laterally supported on the reaction vessel wall and on the vertical and upwardly .. ,

Description

The The invention relates to an environmentally friendly and clean industrial Plant for bleaching of hydrocarbon-containing substances of any kind for the recovery of, for example, carbon granules, Pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis gas and metallic components.

pyrolysis for the treatment of organic matter and mixtures are well known.

For example, describes the DE 695 11 626 T2 the pyrolysis of waste in an internally heated rotary kiln.

In the DE 199 30 071 C2 is reported on a method and apparatus for pyrolysis and gasification of organic substances and mixtures. Here, the organic material is brought into contact with the fluidized bed material of the combustion fluidized bed. Pyrolysis products are formed in the form of gases with condensable substances and carbonaceous residues.

With the DE 44 41 423 A1 For example, a pyrolysis process and apparatus are described which results in the recovery of recoverable gas from waste. In this case, a pyrolysis drum is used.

In the DE 41 26 319 A1 is reported on a method for pyrolysis of silicone rubber vulcanizates in which the vulcanizates heated to 350 ° C to 700 ° C and the resulting volatile siloxanes are condensed. In particular, siloxanes and fillers are formed as products.

The patent DE 40 11 945 C1 describes a low-temperature pyrolysis for degassing of organic material in a heated pyrolysis, in which the pyrolysis is compressed and in this state passes through the chamber. The gaseous pyrolysis products are removed.

In the DE 39 32 803 A describes a pyrolytic process that causes organic materials to react with boric acid / boron oxide and organic nitrogen compounds in non-oxidizing atmosphere to coal and graphite.

The patent DE 28 34 475 C2 describes a process for treating a pyrolysis fuel oil. As a result of this process, the use of a promoter fluid gives rise to a special carbon (needle coke).

The previously known methods work with rotary kiln, pyrolysis drums, in the fluidized bed, under pressure, with compacting of the material or in an inert atmosphere. Here are increased expenses for equipment, materials, energy and logistics.

By the use of inert gases (non-oxidizing atmosphere) the throughput rate drops at comparable units lower. The production of a fluidized bed requires an increased amount of energy, since once the fluidized bed has to be "entertained", on the other hand, the materials to be pyrolyzed mechanically worked up so need to contact the fluidized bed effectively can.

task the plant is a novel energetic and economical particularly advantageous technology for carbonization of different hydrocarbon-containing To propose substances.

Solved This object is achieved with the features of the device claim 1.

According to the invention to carry out a medium temperature pyrolysis, a device proposed with a cylindrical pyrolysis, whose Inner surfaces with an insulating layer of an inorganic Heat insulation material are provided, on or on arranged the inner surfaces of the insulating heating elements are.

In the pyrolysis furnace is a reaction vessel cylindrical Form can be inserted, the top open and with a lid in the form of a vaulted bottom, preferably a dished bottom, is closable, wherein the lid at least one with a Gas discharge line from the pyrolysis furnace connectable gas outlet opening has and in the lid enclosing the gas outlet opening Strainer body is arranged, with its outer edges closes with the inner surface of the lid.

Further is in the reaction vessel above the to be smoldered Good arranged a device for separating high-purity fine carbon black, which consists of a perforated plate, the side of the reaction vessel wall is supported and pointing vertically and upwards Perforated sheets are arranged.

With the at least one gas discharge line is a cooling coil connected to condensing the pyrolysis oil. The pyrolysis oil is collected in a pyrolysis oil receiver, while the remaining pyrolysis gas fed to a gas collector becomes.

Of central importance for the functioning of the pyrolysis furnace is a control unit for controlling and regulating the heating elements, wherein the control unit is coupled to means for detecting the evolution of pyrolysis gas and at least one temperature sensor for determining the pyrolysis gas temperature, such that depending on the detected pyrolysis gas evolution and / or predetermined pyrolysis gas temperatures and / or a predetermined time a gradual reduction of the heating power of heating elements to turn off all heating elements can be controlled or regulated.

the method, is preferred in the proposed medium-temperature pyrolysis after loading the pyrolysis furnace with one with weldable Well filled reaction vessel single or all Heating elements of the pyrolysis furnace to a predetermined first heating temperature heated, wherein by means of a sensor for detecting the pyrolysis gas evolution a pyrolysis gas evolution is detected.

In In other words, in a first phase of pyrolysis become individual or preferably, all the heating elements in the pyrolysis furnace to a first Heating temperature heated up. The heating temperature is between 650 ° C and 820 ° C. The first phase will be maintained until the pyrolysis process in the reactor has progressed so far that Pyrolysis gas of a certain grade or composition or with certain properties arises. Preferably, the flammability or ignitability of the pyrolysis gas, which as a quality standard for the resulting Gas is used.

The Flammability or ignitability of the gas can be done by means of appropriate sensors, which, the corresponding Satisfying safety requirements, arranged in or on the gas discharge line are. Alternatively, a firing test can also be performed manually become.

insofar other properties or compositions of the pyrolysis gas as Characteristic used for the progress of pyrolysis, are appropriate analysis sensors such as sensors for certain Gas components or their concentrations can be used. The list is not limiting, but covers all detection methods.

at Detection of a pyrolysis gas development, for example by detection the combustibility of the pyrolysis gas by means of the control unit the heating elements controlled in accordance with the regulation to a second heating temperature specified in a second phase of the pyrolysis, which is below the first heating temperature, and / or as required the setting of individual groups of heating elements to the operating state "off".

In turn in other words, the second pyrolysis phase begins with detection of a pyrolysis gas of appropriate quality or composition or property. With the detection, the Heating temperature of individual or even all heating elements on one significantly lower heating temperature compared to the first phase set. In the second phase of pyrolysis is the second heating temperature that can be generated by radiators in particular between 450 ° C and 520 ° C.

It also individual heating elements can be completely switched off, so that a heating of the reactor vessel only about a part of the heating elements takes place. Preferably, in the second phase, the heating elements on the ceiling of the pyrolysis furnace off and the heating is only over the remaining Heating elements. Also, the heating temperature of individual heating elements be set differently high.

through a temperature sensor then becomes a predetermined pyrolysis gas temperature detected, and upon detection of a predetermined pyrolysis gas temperature the heating elements are controlled again via the control unit in accordance with the setting of all heating elements on the Operating state "off".

The actual reaction temperature is due to the exothermic expiring pyrolysis higher than that through the radiator Generable temperature.

The determined by a temperature sensor predetermined pyrolysis gas temperature is preferably a temperature below 140 ° C, preferably a temperature between 100 ° C and 110 ° C.

With operated the proposed plant according to the method can be made of used tires, rubber or rapeseed cake, for example Pyrolysis gas as synthesis gas or fuel gas three other main components to produce.

This First, it is carbon that is over in this technology 90% pure carbon and soft fine-grained Activated carbon is versatile.

In Attempts were made to yield 350 Kg of carbon during carbonization scored from a ton of rape cake. One ton of scrap tires were the Results at 400 kg of carbon.

This is secondly pyrolysis oil, usable as a medium oil or heating oil but also in an aqueous fraction as flavors, in binders or solvents, resins or perfumes, etc. One tonne of rapeseed cake yielded 600 liters of BTL oil (BTL = biomass to liquid) in the trial phase. A ton of scrap tires supplied 330 liters of oil.

This Third is in used tires as a source material spring steel, the due to the procedure its structure and Essentially retains properties. At the pyrolysis One tonne of scrap tires can be accumulated around 200 kg of steel.

Around Achieving optimal results are a number of constructive Measures provided, in the first place, both the pyrolysis furnace as well as the reaction vessel.

So provides an advantageous embodiment, that the arrangement of Inner surfaces, the insulating layers and the introduced Reaction vessel are provided centrally to each other and preferably the pyrolysis furnace and the reaction vessel have circular cross-section. This has an advantageous effect on the internal heat distribution.

Of the Outer jacket of the pyrolysis furnace is preferably made of steel manufactured with a jacket density preferably <5 mm, to a high container stability to ensure.

Arranged on the inner surfaces of the jacket and / or the ceiling and / or floor of the pyrolysis furnace insulation layers are preferably each a table silica bound aluminum-iron-magnesium silicate with aluminum filler, preferably Hofalit-S ^®. These can be constructed from individual components and are preferably arranged overlapping. An advantage of this design is that defective components are individually interchangeable. At the same time expansions of the material due to the effect of heat can be compensated without causing stress in the insulating layer.

The Heating elements are preferably in the pyrolysis on or on the Inner surfaces of the insulating layer of the shell and / or on the insulating layer of the floor and / or on the inner surface the insulating layer of the ceiling arranged. By means of the control unit can each be the group of heating elements on or at the Inner surface of the insulating layer of the shell and / or on or on the inner surface of the insulating layer of the floor and / or on or on the inner surface of the insulating layer of the ceiling separately drive. This measure is also essential for the optimal temperature control when generating the process temperature through the radiators. It has been shown in experiments that it is advantageous in the first phase of pyrolysis heating of the reaction vessel by means of the at the inner shell surface, furnished on the floor and on the ceiling of the pyrolysis furnace Make heating elements and priority in the second phase of pyrolysis to a heating of the reaction vessel by means of the shell inner surface and on the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace set up heating elements and heat over to switch off the ceiling surface.

Further provides an advantageous embodiment that in addition to a gas outlet opening for a gas discharge line Centric in the lid one or more other gas outlet openings arranged for gas discharge lines acentric in the lid are. The gas discharge line or gas discharge lines should be in an angle of inclination to the horizontal of + 30 ° to + 60 °, preferably from + 40 ° to + 50 °, in particular at an inclination angle of + 45 ° to the gas outlet opening or the openings are connected in the lid. These Measures have an advantageous effect on the formation of a Flow profile in the headspace of the reaction vessel off, which promotes the deposition of fine soot and reinforced.

From Significance in this context is also the design of the arranged in the lid of the reaction vessel Siebbehälters, which encloses the gas outlet opening and the with its outer edges with the inner surface of the Ends lid. This screen body is preferred as an upwardly open cylinder, or as a curved body, preferably formed as a ball cutout or truncated cone and arranged centrally aligned with the center of the lid. In his lower, directed into the reaction vessel area he performed closed, preferably in the form of a plane Baffle plates for suspended matter contained in the gas. Especially are not yet completely pyrolyzed particles again thrown back into the reaction space to progress there to be implemented.

The Apparatus for separating fine carbon black is preferred as circular perforated plate formed on the vertical upwardly facing perforated plates with a distance from each other centric and nested perforated pipe sections are arranged. This perforated plate causes a turbulence of the pyrolysis gas as well the particles contained therein.

At the same time due to the flow conditions on the perforated plate or when flowing through the holes in the perforated plate zones of different flow velocity or areas are formed with high shear rate, on the one hand crushing large conglomerates of soot, on the other hand, zones are present, which settling Feinrußpartikeln due to low flow rates favored.

There the plant alternatively both to the smoldering of old tires in the whole as well as biomass in the form of pellets or cakes should, sees an advantageous embodiment in particular for the use of moist biomass before that in the reaction vessel an insert can be placed, containing the reaction vessel in from bottom to top receiving cells for the subdivided to gewwelende reaction.

One such insert can be made in a longitudinal axis, which runs in the longitudinal axis of the reaction vessel, intersecting sheets, preferably sheets, form. The walls of the insert advantageously have vertical openings, in particular slots on, wherein the ones located in the bottom area are open on one side. In this way, in the initial phase of pyrolysis is an optimal Moisture exchange and thus a correspondingly even Humidity reduction of Verschwelgutes achieved.

Of the Use causes that in the initial phase of pyrolysis Water evaporated from the wet biomass on the surfaces of the insert condenses to the bottom of the reaction vessel expires and collects there. The slots at the bottom of the Sheets allow an even distribution of the condensed water at the bottom of the reaction vessel.

There takes place, supported by the bottom heating of the reaction vessel, a renewed evaporation of the water. The Verschwelgut can be dehumidified due to this use on the one hand, but at the same time moistened evenly until the water was completely expelled from the Verschwelgut and evaporated. In pyrolysis, water is converted to hydrogen, which then reacts with the charred products to produce higher valence hydrocarbon compounds. Due to the uniform distribution or formation of H ₂ in the reaction space thus a uniform formation of hydrocarbons is possible.

Based of embodiments, the system will be explained become. Show it:

1 an overall view,

2 a section through the empty pyrolysis furnace,

3 a view of the screen body,

4 a device for separating Feinruß and

5 an insert.

1 shows schematically the overall structure of the pyrolysis plant for performing a medium-temperature pyrolysis with a cylindrical pyrolysis furnace 1 which has a steel shell of 2-5 mm and its inner surfaces 14 with an insulating layer 15 are provided of an inorganic thermal insulation material, wherein on or on the inner surfaces 14 the insulating layers 15 heating elements 9 are arranged.

They form in the pyrolysis furnace 1 on or on the inner surfaces of the insulating layer 15.1 of the jacket and / or on the insulating layer 15.2 the bottom and / or on the inner surface of the insulating layer 15.3 the ceiling arranged radiator 9 each groups, by the control device 10 each are separately controllable.

In the pyrolysis furnace 1 is via guide rails 23 the reaction vessel 2 retractable cylindrical shape, open at the top and with a lid 5 in the form of a curved bottom, preferably a dished bottom, is closable, wherein the lid 5 two with a gas discharge line 3 from the pyrolysis furnace 1 connectable gas outlet openings 4 having. The pyrolysis stove 1 is through a lift door 22 closable.

With the gas exhaust main 3 connected is a cooling coil 6 for condensing the pyrolysis oil contained in a pyrolysis oil receiver 7 is collected. The remaining gas is passed through a gas filter in a gas collector 8th fed.

Before the cooling stroke 6 is a solid particle and / or a condensate separator 21 arranged.

Further, the control unit becomes 10 for controlling and regulating the heating elements 9 shown, the control unit 10 with funds 12 for the detection of pyrolysis gas evolution and at least one temperature sensor 13 is coupled to determine the pyrolysis gas temperature, such that depending on the detected pyrolysis gas development and / or predetermined pyrolysis gas temperatures and / or a predetermined time, a gradual reduction of the heating power of heating elements 9 up to switching off all heating elements 9 is controllable or controllable.

The middle 12 For detecting the development of pyrolysis gas, preference is given to a sensor for determining the combustibility and / or ignitability of the pyrolysis gas.

The temperature sensor 13 is in the area outside the pyrolysis furnace 1 and before the condensation water separator 21 or the cooling coil 6 arranged.

2 shows in a section through the empty pyrolysis furnace 1 the arrangement of the insulating layer 15 and the radiator 9 ,

The on the inner surfaces 14.1 the coat, 14.2 of the soil and 14.3 the ceiling arranged insulating layers 15 are each a table silica bound aluminum-iron-magnesium silicate with aluminum filler, preferably Hofalit-S ^®.

At least one of the insulating layers 15.1 . 15.2 . 15.3 is constructed of individual components, which are preferably arranged overlapping, as in the 2 in the insulating layer 15.1 of the cylinder jacket is shown.

Furthermore, it can be seen that the heating elements 9.1 on or on the insulating layer 15.1 of the jacket to here arranged clamping rings 16 are attached.

3 shows the upper part of the reaction vessel 2 with the lid 5 designed as a dished bottom. The lid 5 has two gas outlet openings 4 on, their gas discharge lines 3 in an angle of inclination to the horizontal of + 30 ° to + 60 °, preferably from + 40 ° to + 50 °, in particular at an inclination angle of + 45 ° to the gas outlet opening 4 on the lid 5 are connected.

A gas outlet 4 for a gas discharge line 3 is centric in the lid 5 arranged while the second further gas outlet 4 for another gas discharge line 3 azentrisch in the cover 5 is arranged.

In the lid 5 is a gas outlet opening 4 enclosing strainer body 17 arranged with its outer edges with the inner surface of the lid 5 concludes.

The sieve body 17 is designed as an upwardly open cylinder, or as a curved body, preferably as a spherical cutout or truncated cone and centric to the center of the lid 5 arranged aligned. In its lower, in the reaction vessel 2 directed area he is executed closed, preferably in the form of a flat baffle plate 18 ,

Below the sieve body 17 is in the reaction vessel 2 the device 19 arranged to separate Feinruß and including if necessary in biomass carbonization a use 20 ,

The device 19 relies on brackets 24 on the inner wall of the reaction vessel 2 from.

As in 4 shown is the device 19 for separating fine soot as a circular perforated plate 19.1 formed on the vertically upwardly facing perforated plates from each other at a distance from each other centrically and nested perforated pipe sections 19.2 are arranged. The fine soot accumulates in so formed ring cells, and can after opening the lid 5 with the entire device 19 from the reaction vessel 2 come out and then be separated.

The in 5 illustrated use 20 is used in the smoldering of pellets or cakes from biomass. The use 20 divides the reaction vessel 2 in from bottom to top receiving cells 20.1-n for the reaction mixture to be smelted, preferably in receiving cells of the same size.

The walls 20.2 of the insert 20 have vertically extending openings, preferably slots 20.3 on, wherein the slots in the bottom area are open on one side.

As shown, the insert 20 preferably in a longitudinal axis, in the longitudinal axis of the reaction vessel 2 runs, intersecting surface bodies 20.4 , preferably sheets, formed.

at the proposed device and method for pyrolysis of hydrocarbonaceous starting materials, in particular used tires, Organic waste, wood, rubber and residues of rapeseed oil production, the material to be pyrolyzed is as complete as possible introduced into the reaction vessel and pyrolyzed in the low temperature range.

One The main advantage is that several, different Materials could be provided so that the Pyrolysis plant in relatively quick change for different Pyrolyserohstoffe is usable, without change arrangements at the oven.

This Procedure is extremely simple in construction and in handling and also ensures a constant consistent quality of the produced carbon, as experiments have shown in pilot plants.

in view of from measurements on scrap tires, rubber or rapeseed cake, in the year alone in Germany a magnitude of 700,000 Tons of used tires and 4 million tons of rapeseed scrap cake and constantly rising, the invention has Technology a great perspective.

As already described, the starting products are not primarily Zu but obtained with pure carbon, pyrolysis oil, steel and gas various starting materials needed for the industry.

In the energy balance of a pyrolysis furnace for 750 kg scrap tires is an energy production (pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil) from approx. 3,500 kwh compared to a process energy consumption of 500 kwh.

at a capacity of 1,000 kg rapeseed cake Energy production is estimated at approx. 7,000 kwh of consumption of 500 kwh faces.

1

pyrolysis furnace

2

reaction vessel

3

Gas vent line

4

Gas outlet

5

cover in the form of a curved bottom, preferably dished bottom

6

cooling coil

7

Pyrolyseölauffangbehälter

8th

gas collector

9

heating elements

9.1

coat

9.2

ground

9.3

cover

10

control unit

11

gas filter

12

medium for the detection of pyrolysis gas evolution

13

temperature sensor

14

inner surfaces

14.1

inner surfaces of the coat

14.2

inner surfaces of the soil

14.3

inner surfaces of the lid

15

insulating

15.1

insulating coat

15.2

insulating ground

15.3

insulating blanket

16

Retainers

17

screen body

18

baffle

19

contraption for separating fine soot

19.1

perforated sheet

19.2

perforated sheet (Pipe sections)

20

commitment

20.1-n

receiving cells

20.2

walls

20.3

slots

20.4

sheet

21

Kondenswasserabschneider

22

Lift Door

23

guide rails

24

brackets

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 69511626 T2 [0003]
• - DE 19930071 C2 [0004]
• - DE 4441423 A1 [0005]
• - DE 4126319 A1 [0006]
• - DE 4011945 C1 [0007]
• - DE 3932803 A [0008]
• - DE 2834475 C2 [0009]

Claims (22)

Device for carrying out a medium-temperature pyrolysis with a cylindrical pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ), whose inner surfaces ( 14 ) with an insulating layer ( 15 ) are provided of an inorganic thermal insulation material, wherein on or on the inner surfaces ( 14 ) of the insulating layers ( 15 ) Heating elements ( 9 ) are arranged, with a in the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ) insertable reaction container ( 2 ) cylindrical shape, the top open and with a lid ( 5 ) in the form of a curved bottom, preferably a dished bottom, is closable, wherein the lid ( 5 ) at least one with a gas discharge line ( 3 ) from the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ) connectable gas outlet opening ( 4 ) and in the lid ( 5 ) a gas outlet opening ( 4 ) enclosing strainer body ( 17 ) is arranged, with its outer edges with the inner surface of the lid ( 5 ), in the reaction vessel ( 2 ) above the material to be glazed further a device ( 19 ) is arranged for separating highly pure fine soot from a perforated plate ( 19.1 ), which is supported laterally on the reaction vessel wall and on the vertically and upwardly facing perforated plates ( 19.2 ) are arranged, with at least one with the gas discharge line ( 3 ) connected cooling coil ( 6 ) for condensing the pyrolysis oil, with at least one pyrolysis oil collecting container ( 7 ) and with a gas collector ( 8th ) for the remaining gas, and with a control unit ( 10 ) for controlling and regulating the heating elements ( 9 ), the control unit ( 10 ) with means ( 12 ) for detecting pyrolysis gas evolution and at least one temperature sensor ( 13 ) is coupled to determine the pyrolysis gas temperature, such that depending on the detected pyrolysis gas evolution and / or predetermined pyrolysis gas temperatures and / or a predetermined time, a stepwise reduction of the heating power of heating elements ( 9 ) to the switching off of all heating elements ( 9 ) is controllable or controllable. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the arrangement of the inner surfaces ( 14 ), the insulating layers ( 15 ) and the introduced reaction vessel ( 2 ) is provided centrally to each other and preferably the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ) and the reaction vessel ( 2 ) have a circular cross-section. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer jacket of the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ) is made of steel with a jacket density preferably <5 mm. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on the inner surfaces ( 14 ) arranged insulating layers ( 15 ) Are each a schematically silica bound aluminum-iron-magnesium silicate with aluminum filler, preferably Hofalit-S ^®. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the insulating layers ( 15.1 . 15.2 . 15.3 ) is constructed from individual components and these are preferably arranged overlapping. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ) on or on the inner surfaces of the insulating layer ( 15.1 ) of the jacket and / or on the insulating layer ( 15.2 ) of the soil and / or on the inner surface of the insulating layer ( 15.3 ) of the ceiling heating elements ( 9 ) are arranged. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heating elements ( 9.1 ) on or on the insulating layer ( 15.1 ) of the jacket on here arranged clamping rings ( 16 ) are attached. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the group of heating elements ( 9 ) on or on the inner surface of the insulating layer ( 15.1 ) of the jacket and / or on or on the inner surface of the insulating layer ( 15.2 ) of the floor and / or on or on the inner surface of the insulating layer ( 15.3 ) of the ceiling by means of the control unit ( 10 ) is each separately controllable. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a gas outlet opening ( 4 ) for a gas discharge line ( 3 ) centric in the lid ( 5 ) is arranged. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that in addition one or more further gas outlet openings ( 4 ) for gas discharge lines ( 3 azentrisch in the cover ( 5 ) are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the gas discharge line or the gas discharge lines ( 3 ) at an angle of inclination to the horizontal of + 30 ° to + 60 °, preferably from + 40 ° to + 50 °, in particular at an inclination angle of + 45 ° to the gas outlet opening ( 4 ) or the openings in the lid ( 5 ) are connected. Device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the gas discharge lines ( 3 ) into a gas exhaust main. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the screen body ( 17 ) as an upwardly open cylinder, or as a curved body, preferably formed as a ball cutout or truncated cone and centric to the center of the lid ( 5 ) is aligned. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the screen body ( 17 ) in its lower, in the reaction vessel ( 2 ) directed area is executed closed, preferably in the form of a flat baffle plate ( 18 ). Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the device ( 19 ) for separating fine soot as a circular perforated plate ( 19.1 ) is formed on the vertically upwardly facing perforated plates of spaced from each other centrally and nested perforated pipe sections ( 19.2 ) are arranged. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in the reaction vessel ( 2 ) an insert ( 20 ) is arranged, which the reaction vessel ( 2 ) in bottom-up receiving cells ( 20.1-n ) for the reaction mixture to be smelted. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the walls ( 20.2 ) of the mission ( 20 ) vertically extending openings, preferably slots ( 20.3 ), which are open on one side in the bottom region. Device according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the insert ( 20 ) in a longitudinal axis, in the longitudinal axis of the reaction vessel ( 2 ), intersecting surface bodies ( 20.4 ), preferably sheets, is formed. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the reaction container is rollable and / or pushed and preferably at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ) Guide rails ( 23 ) for rolling in and / or inserting the reaction vessel ( 2 ) are arranged. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that in front of the cooling coil ( 6 ) a solid particle and / or a condensate separator ( 21 ) is arranged. Device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the means ( 12 ) is a sensor for determining the combustibility and / or ignitability of the pyrolysis gas for detecting the development of pyrolysis gas. Device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that at least one temperature sensor ( 13 ) in the area outside the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ) and in front of the condensate separator ( 21 ) or the cooling coil ( 6 ) is arranged.