UA86302C2 - Method and a device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots includes transporting a heap, distributing thereof, delivering onto cleaning working elements, cleaning from soil and vegetable admixtures and removing cleaned tuberous roots. Once the heap is delivered, it is shredded by a rotary shredder into separate sections, then spinned up increasing the speed by means of the vibratory turner while carrying out general transporting along the straightline separating surfaces. A device for transporting and cleaning tuberous roots comprises a main frame which includes in series a baffle brush, a heap cleaner of a conic view arranged as an inclined one, above which a feed cleaner is arranged, and from below under an outlet of the cleaner of a conic view an unloading conveyer is arranged. The upper part of the cone cleaner is arranged on an additional frame which in the centre has a rotary fraction heap shredder made as a crossarm having two planes arranged at different angles, in the centre of which a cylindrical hinge is disposed. The lower end of a vertical bracket is cantilever arranged therein, and upper end thereof is connected to the main frame by a spherical joint. The lower part of the cone cleaner is kinematically connected to a vibratory turner through a movable ring. The additional frame comprises a rotary actuator of the cone cleaner.

Description

cleaning the bodies of root vegetables from any impurities. The vibrating rotator, in addition, provides the components of the pile with circular oscillating movements that can be carried out with different amplitude and frequency, which will make it possible to choose their optimal values in accordance with different types of root vegetables to be cleaned, the degree of contamination by their impurities, the condition of the soil surrounding the root vegetables, etc. . Thus, the set of new operations for the transportation and cleaning of root and tuber crops allows for almost one hundred percent cleaning of the surfaces of the bodies of root and tuber crops from soil impurities and plant residues.

The device with which it is proposed to carry out this method is schematically shown in Fig. 1 - a general side view. Figure 2 shows view A of Figure 1.

The proposed device consists of a main frame 1, a feeding conveyor 2, a reflective brush C with elastic rods, an additional frame 4, inside which the upper part of the conical cleaner 5 is placed, which is made of round concentric rods b, fixed with gaps and located perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. The conical cleaner 5 has a toothed wheel 7, which covers its entire upper part, which is connected to the drive 8, which gives the conical cleaner 5 a rotational movement inside the additional frame 4. From above, inside the conical cleaner 5, a vertical bracket 9 is installed, the upper end of which is connected to the main frame 1 by a spherical joint 10. The lower end of the vertical bracket 9 is connected to a rotary fractional pile chopper, which is made in the form of a cross, the rays of which have bends and is thus divided into two planes: the lower 11 and the upper 12, which are located in the center of the additional frame 4 and have different angles of inclination: the lower plane 11 - is inclined at an angle y, and the upper 12 - at an angle r. At the same time, ru. Each of the planes 11 and 12 has sharp edges. The lower end of the vertical bracket 9 cantilever is installed in the cylindrical joint 13, located below the plane 11. The lower part of the conical cleaner 5 has a movable ring 14, which is kinematically connected to the vibrating rotator 15 through a rod 16 with spherical joints at the ends. Below, under the outlet of the conical cleaner 5, there is a cleaning slide 17, and a horizontally located unloading conveyor 18 is placed under its lower end.

The directions of translational, rotational and circular vibration movements of the working organs of the device for transporting and cleaning root and tuber crops are shown by arrows.

The device for transporting and cleaning root vegetables works as follows. Immediately after digging, the pile of root crops is fed by the feeding conveyor 2 into the conical cleaner 5. The deflecting brush C is installed on the main frame 1 in such a way that its elastic rods direct parts of the pile into the conical cleaner 5, which is made of round concentric bars 6, installed with gaps to each other . Next, the pile is crushed into separate fractions with the help of a rotary fractional pile crusher, which is made in the form of a cross, the rays of which have bends and are thus divided into two planes: the lower 11 and the upper 12, which are located in the center of the additional frame 4 and have different angles of inclination: the lower plane 11 - at an angle y, and the upper plane 12 - at an angle D. This makes it possible to immediately divide it into fractions when a pile of root vegetables is chopped. Thus, the bodies of root vegetables (as solid bodies) are reflected by the elastic rods of the brush Z immediately inside the lower plane 11, which has a smaller angle of inclination y, and therefore the sharp edges of the lower plane 11 knock off the adhering soil from the bodies of root vegetables without actually damaging their side surfaces, since the angle y is smaller than the angle p and the kinematic characteristics of the rotational movement created by drive 8 are much smaller here (since the radius is smaller here). In fact, at the bottom, the rotary fractional shredder of the pile, created by the planes 11, accumulates the fraction of the pile, which contains only the bodies of root and tuber fruits. And the main mass of pile parts falls after the feeding conveyor 2 and the deflecting brush Z on the upper part of the rotary fractional pile chopper, that is, on the upper plane 12, which has a larger angle of deviation D and creates significant kinematic characteristics for these parts of the pile. So, due to the fact that this upper part of the rotary fractional pile shredder has the largest radius from the axis of rotation of the conical cleaner 5, the sharp edges of the planes 12 have higher linear speeds, and therefore the connected parts of the pile, which are saturated with soil impurities and plant residues, are more efficiently are crushed in this part and immediately pass inside the conical cleaner 5. Due to the fact that the conical cleaner rotates around its own longitudinal axis, due to the fact that the additional frame 4 is kinematically connected to the drive 8 through the conical wheel 7, the crushed parts of the pile are thrown away (due to forces of inertia) to the inner surface of the conical cleaner 5 and small soil impurities and plant remains through the gaps between its bars would leave the boundaries of the device. Once in the lower part of the conical cleaner 5, the components of the pile are divided into fractions: in the center, mainly the bodies of root and tuber fruits, on the periphery, other components of the pile fall into the zone of action of the vibrating rotator 15, which is kinematically connected to the moving ring through the thrust 16 with spherical joints at the ends 14, which is installed from the bottom of the conical cleaner 5.

At the same time, the lower part of the conical cleaner 5 performs circular oscillating movements, as a result of which the bodies of root and tuber fruits are untwisted due to the forces of inertia, that is, they are involved in a circular movement inside the cleaning surface, which is created by round concentric rods 6. At the same time, due to the fact that the vertical bracket 9 with its upper end is connected to the main frame 1 by a spherical joint 10, and its lower end is installed in a cylindrical joint 13, the circular oscillating movements of the lower end of the conical cleaner 5 are performed despite the fact that the conical cleaner 5 itself, installed at the upper end inside the additional frame 4, performs separate rotational movements (thanks to gear wheel 7 and drive 8) around its own longitudinal axis. The circular oscillating movements of the lower end of the conical cleaner 5 create additional inertial forces that press them against the round concentric rods 6, in general, increase the time of cleaning the root tuber bodies during their general rectilinear movement (under the influence of their own weight) along the inner surface of the conical cleaner 5. As progress is made parts of the pile downwards, the speed of the oscillating movements increases accordingly. Such a combination of circular oscillating movements created by the vibrating rotator 15 and rectilinear downward movements along the round concentric rods b, which are carried out simultaneously, contributes to a very effective and complete cleaning of the bodies of root vegetables from any impurities. The vibrating rotator 15, in addition, provides the components of the pile with circular oscillating movements that can be performed with different amplitudes and frequencies. This makes it possible to choose the optimal values of the amplitude and frequency of oscillatory movements in accordance with the fact that

what type of roots and tubers are submitted for cleaning, what is the degree of contamination of the pile with impurities, what is the condition of the surrounding soil (strong, dense, connected by rhizomes, etc.). In this part of the conical cleaner 5, a very effective separation of impurities takes place through the gaps between the round concentric rods 6. Thus, moving along circular trajectories and at the same time straight down, the root tuber bodies reach the lower exit opening of the conical cleaner 5. After that, the root tuber bodies, cleaned of adhering soil, fall down down, finally leaving the conical cleaner 5 and falling on the cloth of the cleaning slide 17. Due to the fact that the bodies of the root crops are mostly round and like solid bodies, they roll down the cloth of the cleaning slide 17, and small soil impurities and plant remains are captured by the cloth of the cleaning slides 17 and are carried out through its upper end outside the cleaner. After that, the roots and tubers, already completely cleaned of impurities, fall on the unloading conveyor 18 and are loaded with it into a bunker or into a vehicle. Other variants of devices for using this method of transporting and cleaning root vegetables are also possible.

The use of this method will improve the quality of root and tuber cleaning from soil impurities and plant residues by 20...2590.

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