UA79006C2 - Mobile rescue device - Google Patents

Abstract

A mobile rescue device relates to the rescue means, in particular to the means for rescuing the people from the high-rise buildings. The device contains the receptacle compartment designed as the basket with the pullout bottom and the entry opening. The pulley attached to the basket contains the endless flexible tie connected with the brake mechanism. The latter comprises the lever with the braking drags engaging with the braking surfaces of the pulley. In the endless flexible tie, the appliances for fixation of the rescuing persons are attached designed as the shoulder and femoral belts and the rests for the feet.

Description

Description of the invention

The intended invention relates to means of rescuing people, in particular rescue from high-rise buildings. 2 A well-known series of devices for rescuing people by descending from multi-story buildings, which provide for the solution of the task in an individual way - the use of personal self-rescue devices. This series can include such inventions as, for example, according to patent No. 5 Mo5167297, Ab2835/001 - a safety device in the form of a waist belt attached with a braking device to a rigid guide vertically attached to the wall, or a support belt - a waist belt and a sling with a carabiner, articulated with a rigid 70 arc and spring-loaded to the support (PA Mo15900, Ab2835/00, Bul. Mo4, 20001, as well as a rescue device in the form of a cable attached with an inclination to the emergency building, on which a means of securing the victim with braking is suspended on a roller , and under it - a mat for landing |IZO Mo1269783, Ab281/14, Byul. Mo42, 1987).

The most characteristic individual means of self-rescue by descent from high-rise buildings, in case of fires and other emergency situations, is the property of the Russian NDC named after G. N. Babakina, on the "Volan" program, which is named in 12 due to the fact that the shape and principles of falling of this device resemble a badminton shuttlecock. This parachute and hand-held device on the "rescue" system is made in the form of an inflatable "saucer" in which the pilot lands lying on his back. And before the descent, the device looks like a knapsack, weighing ZOkg, inside of which is placed an inflatable and shock-absorbing structure, which unfolds under the influence of the release of compressed air from the cylinder | Moskovskaya promyishlennaya gazeta, 48(213) 11-18/12/2002). This "rescue boat" is the highest asset of modern rescue equipment in the whole world, but equipping all high-rise buildings with it is problematic for us. Unless it will be possible to buy several such "ruffles" from Russia, at least to save some of our ministers.

Known devices for group and mass rescue of people from high-rise buildings when they are blocked by fire or other extraordinary phenomena. Such devices include: - a device for the emergency evacuation of personnel from high-rise buildings, which has a rigid shaft, inside which vertically installed tension wheels are covered by a flexible element that creates a rising and falling branch, (3 on which there are support platforms for victims with the possibility of moving them from the engine (ZO Mo1251920,

Ab281/00, Bul. Mo31, 19861. - a device for lowering people in emergency situations, which has an evacuation trunk with a braking system of elastic pneumatic chambers connected by a pneumatic line to a source of compressed air. Inside the barrel, these chambers are connected to each other by a vertical riser, which makes it possible to increase the braking force in the process of Ha") movement of the victims down to the shock-absorbing bottom of the barrel |Z Mo1540834, АЕ281/20, Byul. Mob, 1990). - a rescue device for evacuating people, which has means for lowering and raising people. It has a fire-resistant elastic sleeve, on top of which a container with a hatch and a lid is made, and inside the sleeve / d3, elements of the means of friction and braking are fixed to its walls, and on the outside of the sleeve there are pockets for supporting the legs when lifting up 325 (ZO Mo1563709, Ab281/20, Bull. Mo18, 1990). -

The disadvantage of these devices is that all of them and other analogues like them can be implemented in emergency situations only if they are built in advance and fitted to buildings that are likely to have one or another accident or disaster. And since there cannot be a reliable forecast of where and when a threat may arise, and it is impossible to provide all buildings in the city with such devices, the use of such complex and expensive devices is in serious doubt, which is confirmed by the practice of modern construction. In addition, they do not have means of reaching high floors, and their capacity is insufficient for modern conditions.

Well-known rescue devices of the mobile principle of use in fires and other emergency situations.

Where the devices are able to move to the scene of the accident, quickly getting involved in the work of rescuing people from high-rise buildings. These include: 7 - A rapid release, which has a rescue hose installed on a moving vehicle, suspended from the (se) receiver of the victims in the form of: a height cabin, installed at the end of the hinged-lever system with engine-cable control from the driver's cabin | (ЗО Mo1754130 , Ab281/20, Bul. Mo29, 19921; o - the rescue-lowering device of S.L. Sokolov, which includes an elastic fabric sleeve suspended from the av! by means of braking, created by the narrowed lower part of the sleeve, and with external loops for lifting the arm up, all elements of the sleeve - its receiver and releaser of victims, the means of braking and control is carried by a moving vehicle - a car Мо39, 19911; - a device for evacuating people, for example, from city buildings, which has an elastic fabric mesh 29 sleeve with a rigid neck, also mounted on a movable to the vehicle | (ZO Mo1685474, Ab281/20,

GF) Bul. Mo39, 19911; - the device for evacuation from multi-story buildings, which includes a telescopic barrel connected from separate tubular sections, installed on a rotating platform of a moving technical means. The trunk has a receiver in the form of a rescue cabin with a glued-on ladder and an outlet for victims |KO Mo2126281, Ab281/20, Byul. 60 Mo, 1999).

The disadvantage of these devices is that, although they have the ability to urgently arrive at the scene of an accident and engage in rescue work without obstacles, they are unable to reach the high floors of modern residential and administrative buildings, because the articulated-lever and even their telescopic systems are not able to lift them trunks and sleeves to a height of more than 20 floors of the building. In addition, moving the victims in sleeves and trunks requires a lot of time and they have certain physical and psychological abilities, which limits the capabilities and capacity of these devices, and they can only work and realize their capabilities if they have the appropriate equipment. roads, which may not exist in the territories destroyed by natural disasters.

The closest in terms of technical essence is the device for self-rescue by descent, which contains a housing with a braking mechanism, which has an element in contact with a power endless cord, movably suspended from the housing by both of its branches, on which shoulder and hip loops for fixing the victims are fixed. |OA

Mob 4049, Ab281/00, Bul. For example, 20041.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that this device requires equipping each victim with a special constructive complex braking mechanism connected to shoulder and hip loops with 7/o branches of an endless cord, which must somehow be prepared in advance on the emergency floors of buildings, and from yes, then in modern cities, where there are many high-rise buildings, it is impossible to reliably predict where and when a disaster may occur, it is impossible to prepare such devices for all buildings. In addition, the device does not have a receiver for the victims and causes the inconvenience of using means of their fixation, and their exit to the tower on an endless cord does not remove the probability of the occurrence of unforeseen threatening situations, and therefore such devices tend to be used only 75 In houses of low height.

The basis of the invention is the task, taking into account all the shortcomings of the prototype - a device for self-rescue by descent, and its positive qualities, to create a new version of the rescue device that would be just as easy to use and used by victims in the absence of written and spoken instructions, and at the same time more reliable would ensure their safety during the entire process of rescue from high-rise residential and administrative buildings in the absence of a reliable forecast - where and when a threatening dangerous situation may arise.

This was supposed to be achieved thanks to the introduction of a victim receiver into the device, in which they can receive some help and brief instructions from specialists, as well as the use of modern rescue technologies - mobile transport for delivering rescue equipment to the danger point and appropriate mechanisms for descent and rescue

Raising victims.

The task is solved by the fact that the mobile rescue device, which includes a body with a braking mechanism, is connected to the power carrier, the loading element by an endless flexible rod, both branches of which have fixed means of fixing the victims in the form of shoulder and hip loops with the possibility their preservation and transportation in the form of packages, according to the proposed invention, the body of the Gezo device is made in the form of a receiver of victims - a light local basket with a retractable bottom-trap and an entrance hole, on which a pulley equipped with a ratchet is mounted, covered by a loop of endless flexible traction with the possibility of interaction it with a braking mechanism made in the form of a two-armed fork-like lever with a handrail, the working ends of which have braking shoes covering the braking surfaces of the pulley, and a block with a bracket is used as the pulling element of this pull, while the device is made with the possibility of Me z5 Application of moving transport means of in the form of, for example, a helicopter or a truck with a missile launcher and a magnetized towing "cat".

The technical and consumer-practical result, achieved thanks to the use of the entire set of all distinguishing features of the proposed device, is that it became necessary to create a new device that would make it possible to significantly improve the conditions for not only the descent of the victims, but also their lifting on "moving transport means and at the same time ensure reliable rescue of victims from higher residential and administrative buildings with a significant increase in the capacity of the entire rescue system. y The essence of the proposal is explained by the drawing, where Fig. 1 shows the transportation of the device "" by helicopter to the accident site; Fig. 2 shows the installation of the device on the emergency floor of the building; in Fig. 3 - preparation of the device for the descent of victims from the emergency site; in Fig. 4 - lifting the victims on board the helicopter; in Fig. 5 - transportation of the device by car and preparation for the descent of victims from a high-rise building - supply of a flexible traction for securing it from the top of the building; on Figb - installation of a device on the emergency floor of the building for the descent of victims; in Fig. 7 - the process of the descent of victims from different floors to the building; in Fig. 8 - the device in the process of descent of victims from the emergency site when using a helicopter, zoomed in; in Fig. 9 - the device in the process of lifting the victims on board the helicopter; on Fig. 10 - preparation. to descent by a device delivered by a car; on, Fig. 11 - the process of people's descent, front, side and rear views; o in Fig. 12 - the position of the means of fixation of the victims - the shoulder belt, the hip loop and each stop in

Ф initial position during descent and during loading (dashed), front and side view; on Fig. 13 - the location of the elements of fixation of the victims on the lowering and lifting branches of the flexible traction; on, Fig. 14 - a copy of the device for fixing the basket of the device in the window opening of the building, side view; in Fig. 15 - a traction pulley with a ratchet, braking shoes and a connecting check, front view; in Fig. 17 - the same and a fragment of the brake lever and removable basket, side view; in Fig. 18 - a suspended block with guide iF) brackets. km In particular, the mobile rescue device includes a helicopter 1 and a loader car 2, a receiver of victims, the body of which is made in the form of a basket 3, an endless flexible drawbar 4, a means of fixing the victims bo C and a means 6 of feeding and securing an endless flexible drawbar 4 with a basket Z for hooking for the construction of emergency buildings and the descent of victims.

Helicopter 1 can be used with any modern model and design. It is only important that it has a spacious interior for loading rescue equipment and for receiving victims, as well as a winch with manual and mechanical - that is, the helicopter engine, control. The same requirements apply to car 2, which should preferably be a truck with an open body. The basket of the receiver is made of light, elastic and durable material.

On the side of its body, there is an entrance hole 7, and from below - a bottom-trap in the form of a movable cover 8 of the opening of the basket, and on top - a pulley for winding and braking the flexible traction 4, which is made endless. On the pulley 9, its braking mechanism is mounted in the form of a fork-shaped lever 10 with a handrail and braking shoes 11. On the side of the pulley, on its axis 12, a ratchet 13 interacting with it is fixed, and on top - an insert check 14 for connecting both branches of the endless flexible rod 4 (Fig. 15, 16, 17). The upper part of the rod 4 is wound with a loop on the pulley 9, and on the lower part is suspended the block 15 that stabilizes the pulling rod with the bracket 16 of fixation, for example, its anchor on the surface of the soil (Fig. 8, 18). Flexible traction on its conventionally named lowering 17 and lifting 18 branches, removable means of fixing the victims 5 are fixed at a certain distance from each other. These are the shoulder belt 19, the double hip loop 21 and the footrest 21. They are made of elastic, strong at / o break materials and lean against the branches of traction 4. In the working condition, under the influence of the load, they change their shape - according to the shape of the links of the human body, and after releasing the load, again, moving along the traction 4, they lean against it for the free passage of the traction 4 through the blocks and when winding it on pulleys (Fig. 8, 9, 11, 12). For this purpose, loops 20 and foot rests 21 are attached to branch 17 with their lower ends, and on branch 18 these ends are turned and become lower. The upper ends of the hinges 20, stops 21 and the ends of the belts 19 are fixed on /5 rings 22 mounted on the rod 4 with the possibility of sliding on the rod 4 and supporting fixation on the thickened balusters 23 fixed below it. The middle loops 20 are attached to the branches 17 at points 24 (Fig. 10, 11, 12).

The means of supplying and fixing the traction 4 and the basket C on the roof structures and in the window opening of the emergency building performed, for example, as shown in Fig. 10 and 14 of the drawing.

Thrust feed 4 on. the upper part of the emergency house is provided by launching a launch rocket 20 from the body of the car 2, carrying a magnetized hooking "cat" 26 (in the form of an anchor with sharp "spikes") and the end of the thrust 4 (Fig. 10). After hooking, "cat" for the fragments of the building and checking the strength of the tie rod 4, it is wound manually, or from the engine and from the winch of the car, by one of the rescuers from the basket 3. So that the rod 4 is not pulled along the surface of the bed of the pulley 9, but wound on it together with both branches, apply the check 14 and include the ratchet 13 (Fig. 1b6, 17). In this case, the basket C together with the lifeguard rises up to the scene of the accident - for example, to the window opening 27, and is fixed in it (Fig. 8, 9, 10, 14). To fasten the cover 8 of basket C, it is shifted towards the windowsill and rests on it. The rescuer stands on i) the cover and with his regular means more firmly attaches it and the body of the basket C to the windowsill and the window frame (as shown in Fig. 14 and 8), using handrails 28 and inserting into the corner lugs (not shown) the body of the basket C fixing pipe 29. After checking the reliability of fixing the basket Z, the pulley 9 is braked by the lever 10, the check 14 is removed from it, and the basket 30 is removed. The device is ready for the descent of people from the dispute, to her (building) 31. Fr

They use a device to lower people in this way. Descent is carried out by a team of rescuers consisting of a helicopter crew (driver of a car) and at least two rescuers - one from above (in a basket), the other from below (on the ground or in the body of a car). They are both equipped with mobile phones for issuing commands and orders. The first victim enters the receiver, who, with the help of a rescuer, sits down on the sliding cover 8 of the basket Z, putting his feet into the opening of its bottom, puts on the loop 20 and puts his feet on the stop 21, squeezing the branch 17 of the rod 4 with them. Then, with the help of the rescuer, he puts on himself belt 19. In this position, firmly grasping branch 17 with his hands, the victim closes his eyes and descends. To do this, the rescuer removes the lever 10 of the brake hook (not shown) and firmly holds the handrail of the lever 10 in his hands until the victim hangs on "

Branches 17 of the 4th traction will feel the lifting forces of the means of fixation 5. Next, the rescuer releases braking with the lever 10, gradually lifting the handrail of the lever 10 up. Under the weight of his own body, the victim first slowly, and then with optimal speed moves down to the ground and stops there by braking the pulley 9, where ;" with the help of the lower rescuer, removes the means of fixation 5 and gives the opportunity to save the next victim. During mass descents, a time limit is set for each rescuer, for example, an interval of 5-10 seconds. During this period, each victim takes a place in the basket, puts on means 5 and moves down to the stop. During -I of this stop (also 5-1 Osec.) the next victim takes a place at the "start", and the previous one at the bottom at the "finish" vacates; traction 4. This is how the entire process of descent until the landing of all victims is carried out discretely. Regulation and control of the descent is performed by rescuers using mobile phones, or determined by sounds, o or visual signals.

The upper rescuer occupies a place in basket 3, exiting the helicopter door, when the basket is in the position moored to it, and when using a car, it enters the basket on the surface of the body and

Ф lifts himself together with the basket along the traction 4 up to the accident site, using the winding of the traction 4 on the pulley 9 revolutions from the winch of the car engine, or manually - with the removable basket 30. After completing the descent, the rescuers return to their places in the vehicle, while the lower one is raised into the helicopter, first into the basket (with the help of tool 5 and basket ZO pulley 9), and then from the basket once with the upper rescuer - into the cabin of the helicopter. This is not how victims are removed, for example, from ice floes.

F) At the end of the rescue, the helicopter or car brigades load their rescue equipment and return to their bases. The helicopter crew can leave the rescue team until the end of the descent, so as not to waste fuel in vain. For this purpose, in the position of Fig. 3, when the basket C is firmly attached to the building, the mooring rods 6o are detached from it and the helicopter is released, and the rescue equipment is returned by a repeat departure or by road transport. This is how a mass rescue is performed.

The technical and consumer-practical advantage of the proposed device over the prototype is that, for the first time, a device was created for removing victims from high-rise modern buildings, from multi-story residential and administrative buildings, in which a large number of people always work and which partially become the object of an attack by 65 terrorists. At the same time, a certain reliability of the insurance of people during the descents and their considerable carrying capacity are ensured.

We are sure that such a device for mass rescue of people from high-rise buildings must be developed as soon as possible.

It is impossible to buy such devices abroad, because they are not yet available in the world.

Claims (1)

2 Formulas of the invention Mobile rescue device, which includes a body with a braking mechanism, a loading element connected to a power-bearing endless flexible traction, both branches of which have fixed on themselves 70 means of fixing victims in the form of under-shoulder and under-hip loops with the possibility of their preservation and transportation in the form of packages, which is distinguished by the fact that the body is made in the form of a receiver of victims - a light, strong basket with a retractable bottom - a ladder and an entrance hole, on which a pulley equipped with a ratchet is mounted, covered by a loop of an endless flexible traction with the possibility of its interaction with the braking mechanism, made in in the form of a two-armed fork-shaped lever with a handrail, the working ends of which have braking shoes covering the braking surfaces of the pulley, and a block with a bracket is used as a pulling element of this traction. c schi 6) (Se) "c) "c) (o) and - - and? -i se) («c) («c) 4) ime) 60 b5