UA78055C2 - Device for self-grinding of lump brittle materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to crushing engineering and can be used for crushing of lump brittle materials. A device for self-grinding of lump brittle materials contains a feed bin, operating units in the form of coaxial disks, one of which is fixed on the shaft with possibility of rotation, disks form a closed working volume with unloading slot on their periphery. In this case, the disks are equipped with radially located edges-blades, which divide working volume into the sectors, and the elements of adjustment of the clearance of unloading slot, and disk made with possibility of rotation, is equipped with air vanes and elements of loading of closed working volume. The device provides for increase of efficiency of crushing, reduction of power consumption of the process of crushing with simultaneous guarantee of separation of the ground product into the fractions and return of nonstandard component of product for re-treatment without application of special independent driving separation devices.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to crushing equipment and can be used for crushing lumpy fragile 2 materials.

Known devices for self-grinding of lumpy brittle materials in oncoming flows of the carrier (transporting) medium moving at high speed | Sydenko P.M., Grinding in the chemical industry. M., publishing house "Khimiya", 1977, pp. 211...230). The technique is used in well-known gas jet mills of various types. In them, the destruction of pieces of material is carried out at the moment of collision of 70 opposing pieces moving in the composition of oncoming air flows due to the kinetic energy acquired by them during movement. The disadvantage of the known devices is the low efficiency of the crushing process due to the use of the least advantageous, from the energy point of view, linear scheme of applying crushing forces, in which they are applied to a piece of crushed material in a straight line. Another disadvantage of known self-grinding devices is the complexity of the design, associated with the organization of high-speed oncoming streams 72 of the material being crushed, as well as the separation of the crushed product from the streams, which is associated with the complexity of the structures and additional energy consumption.

The closest thing to what is claimed is a device for self-shredding lumpy brittle materials

Author's certificate of the USSR Mo1782650, В02С13/13, publ. 23.12.92 r.4), containing a closed working volume formed by two working bodies, one of which is made with the possibility of movement relative to the other with the division of the working volume into parts, as well as a loading hopper and unloading elements. In the known device, self-grinding is carried out by the interaction of two layers of material - lively and immobile, formed as a result of the rotation of one of the working organs. The stationary layer is formed in the cone-shaped space of the fixed working body (disk), from where pieces of material enter the parabolic space of the rotating disk. There, they are caught in the rotation, thrown by the force of oddentri on the periphery of the working volume with 22 in the area of the unloading gap and hit with pieces of the stationary layer with mutual destruction. at

The device has the following disadvantages. The process of grinding by self-grinding occurs only in the local space of the working volume, formed by active and immobile working bodies - on its periphery.

Self-grinding is realized, mainly, by the collision of pieces of material due to the kinetic energy obtained during the rotation of the living organ (disc). The device uses the same energy-efficient linear load scheme as in well-known gas jet mills. Involvement of pieces in rotational movement with the aim of accelerating them due to friction against the parabolic surface of the living body, which does not provide sufficient acceleration due to the slippage of pieces of material on the surface of the living working body. The latter is accompanied by wear of this surface, which wastes energy unproductively. Wear of the working surfaces when the material slips off also takes place in the unloading gap, where shear deformations 3o destruction appear as a result of rotation. The parabolic shape of the working surface with its great depth complicates the production of the disk.

The task of the invention is to improve the device for self-grinding of lumpy brittle materials by increasing its efficiency by transferring the grinding process from the local space of the working volume of the chamber to the entire volume and separating the product into fractions. "

The task is achieved by the fact that the well-known device for self-grinding of lumpy brittle materials contains a closed working volume formed by working bodies in the form of disks, one of which is made of Z with the possibility of rotation with the division of the working volume into parts - layers, as well as a loading bunker and

I" unloading gap on the periphery of the working bodies - discs, according to the invention, parts of the working volume are additionally divided into sectors by the working elements of the working bodies in the form of ribs-blades, the working bodies contain elements for adjusting the gap of the unloading gap and are placed in a casing containing a loading and unloading nozzles, and at least one of the working bodies, which is made with the possibility of rotation, contains air impellers and loading elements of a closed working volume. At the same time, the unloading nozzle of the casing is connected to the separation node, which contains unloading paths along the separation sections, the return path of unconditioned material to the grinding working area, and elements for adjusting the fractional composition. sl 20 The relationship between the set of essential features and the technical and economic effect achieved is determined as follows. The end surfaces of the disks, which create a closed working volume, contain radial ribs-blades, with the help of which it is possible to separate the material in the completely filled volume of the working chamber into interacting layers with its self-grinding. The discs are placed in a casing, in which the rotating rotor produces centrifugal and ventilation effects, which allow the product to be separated into fractions in the air flow, 29 while the substandard fraction is returned to the grinding zone for finishing. The rotor contains loading

ГФ) elements that connect the loading hopper with the working chamber and allow continuous supply of material from the hopper to the chamber while the rotor is rotating. This achieves a solution to the task. o The essence of the claimed invention is explained by the following figures of a graphic image:

Fig. 1 is a general scheme of a single-drive device: because Fig. 1a is a general view;

Fig. 16 - section A-A according to Fig. 1a;

Fig. 1c - a unit for adjusting the unloading gap by axial movement of the water disk.

Fig. 2 - diagram of the separation device:

Fig. 2a - view B of Fig. 1a; because Fig. 26 is a scheme of changing the angle of attack of the shutter by the air flow during its adjustment.

Fig. 3 - a diagram of a two-drive device.

The device for self-shredding of lumpy brittle materials (Fig.Ta, Fig.1b6) contains a housing 1, a drive 2 with a bearing unit З, on which a working body 4 in the form of a disk is fixed. The second working body 6 in the form of a disc is fixed on the shaft 5, with the possibility of rotation and adjustable axial movement. The end surfaces 7 and 8 form a closed working volume - the chamber 9. It houses the ribs-blades 10 and 11 fixed on the end surfaces of the discs. The working bodies are discs placed in the casing 12, which is fixed to the body and contains the unloading nozzle 13 (Fig. 16). The closed working volume is a working chamber, containing an unloading slot 14 formed by interchangeable elements 15 and 16. The working chamber is connected to the loading hopper 17 by a feed path consisting of a nozzle 18, a conical sprout 19 and holes (Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b), which are made in the hub part of the disc placed on the shaft. On the opposite end of this disc from the chamber, the blades 21 of the impeller are placed in the space of the casing, and against the inclined channels 22 connecting the space of the casing with the working chamber - blades 23. The end part of the casing has holes 24 connecting its internal volume with the external environment. Fig. 1 shows the node for adjusting the axial movement /5 of the disc placed on the shaft. It contains a pressing element 25 and an elastic element 26.

Fig. 2a shows a diagram of the separation unit (view B in Fig. 1a), which is connected to the discharge nozzle 13 of the casing 12. In the body 27 of the separation unit, which forms an expanding channel, known separation elements are placed, for example, partitions 28 containing known control elements. Unloading channels 29, 30, 31 are placed in the zones of separation elements. At the entrance to the channel of the separation unit, an adjustable gate 20 32 is installed, connected by channel 33 to the loading hopper.

Figure 3 shows a two-drive modification of the device. It includes structurally identical disks 34 and 35, placed on shafts 36 and 37. The disks are placed in a casing 38, fixed on a bed 39 and which contains loading hoppers 40 and 41. Disks, hoppers, feed paths and other elements have a similar design, as in a single-drive device. The bearing units and drives of the device are placed on the frame 39, and one of the units is placed on the plate 42, which has the possibility of adjustable movement in the axial direction. Unloading and separation elements are also similar to a single-drive device. at);

The device works like this. The material being crushed from the loading hopper 17 (Fig. 1a) through the loading path - nozzle 18, conical sprout 19 and holes 20 is fed by the rotating disk 6 into the closed volume of the working chamber 9, completely filling it. Part of the material is captured by the blades 11 from the drive disk 6 in a rotational motion, while the second part is braked by the blades 10 of the disk 4 connected to the body. As a result, the material is divided into two layers that interact with each other with self-grinding. at

The crushed material under the action of centrifugal force passes into the gaps between the uncrushed pieces to the unloading slot 14 and is ejected into the space of the casing 12 at high speed along the entire perimeter of the discs.

This is also facilitated by the ventilation effect occurring in the chamber itself: the air between the pieces in the second layer of the material is also rejected by the force of the venter and, blowing the pieces of material, transports the crushed product to the unloading slot. At the same time, air enters the chamber through the loading path, facilitating the transportation of material during loading. In addition, air is supplied to the chamber through inclined channels 22 in the zone of the most crushed material in the direction of the unloading gap. Air is forced into the channels by inclined impellers 23 with a fence from the space of the casing. In this space, there is also a ventilation effect from the friction of air on the end surface of the disk 6, the fastening elements and, mainly, the seam from the impeller 21 specially arranged for this purpose, placed on the end surface of the disk 6. Air intake occurs from the external environment through the holes 24 in the jacket. As a result of the combination of all factors, the crushed product with the air flow is ejected from the casing at a high speed into the discharge nozzle 13. This is used to separate the product into fractions by gradually reducing the flight speed of the particles in the air flow to values lower than the critical speed of the particles floating in the air flow yuk with -I a certain mass characteristic of this fraction; decreasing the speed below the critical one for a given mass causes particles with such a mass to fall out of the air stream. A step-by-step reduction in speed is achieved by known methods and means. At the beginning of the separation path, non-standard particles with the largest mass are released from the flow due to the loss of speed upon impact with the surface of the damper 32 (Fig. 2a) in combination with a change in the mean flight direction in the knee 43 of the separation path. Non-standard particles that fell out of the flow along the path 33 are returned to the hopper 17 for finishing. In a similar way - by gradually reducing the speed of movement with the help of sp successive elements 28 in combination with a gradual increase in the live cross-sectional area of the flow in the expanding channel 44, fractions with decreasing particle sizes are also separated from the flow. With the help of unloading channels 29, 30, 31 fractionated material is unloaded into bunkers 45 by fractions. After product separation, the air is ejected through hatch 46 to the outside. The size of the non-standard particles that are removed is regulated by the angle of inclination of the shutter 32 to the direction of the air flow (by changing the angle of attack), which is explained in iF, Fig. 26, when the angle "04" is increased to the value "to", the braking effect of the shutter 32 increases and in the separated fraction of the proportion of smaller particles increases. The appearance of a substandard fraction in the product is explained as follows.

The size of the particles of the grinding product is determined by the size of the unloading gap "5" (Fig. 1a), which is regulated by the movement of the drive disk 6 along the shaft in the axial direction. The reduction of the size "5" is achieved by compression of the buffer 26 by the clamping elements 25 (Fig. 1c), and the increase - under the influence of the compressed buffer. As the latter, springs, elastic materials - rubber, polyurethane and others can be used. The gap "5" in the gap is adjusted to the required size of the product particles, ensuring their passage with a given maximum size. Most particles are isometric, that is, approximately the same size in three dimensions. 65 However, among them there are particles of anisometric shape, which have a large difference of one or two sizes from the other two or the third. Such particles pass through the gap of the unloading gap in their smallest size. They make up a non-conditional faction. Regulation of the composition of particles in fractions is carried out by elements 28, for example, according to the type of regulation by a shutter 33 - by changing the angle of inclination of the partition - the angle of attack (Fig. 2b). Another adjustment option is variable castes with grids with different meshes. Other similar elements may be applied. Making different resistance to the air flow, they reduce its speed to varying degrees, with particles of a certain mass falling out of the flow composition, which achieves a change in the composition of the fractions in the sections of the separation tract.

The principle of self-grinding applied in the device eliminates intensive wear of all main structural elements. The most worn elements are the surfaces that form the unloading gap, due to the 7/0 High speed of passage of the crushed product through it. Therefore, it is formed by replaceable elements 15 and 16 (Fig. 1a), which are replaced when they are completely worn. During operation, their wear is compensated by compressing the drive disk 6 with the help of elements 25 (Fig. 1c).

The operation of the two-drive modification of the device (Fig. 3) is similar to the operation of the single-drive. The difference of the scheme is the possibility of working from two loading hoppers 40 and 41 along with single-hopper loading. /5 Two-hopper loading improves the conditions of material arrival, which in some cases can play a significant role. The adjustment of the gap of the unloading gap is achieved by moving along the guides of the plate 42 with the entire drive 47 and the disk 35. The main advantage of the scheme is the possibility of obtaining high speeds of moving the layers relative to each other, which is achieved by counter-rotation of the disks. At the same time, an increase in productivity and a decrease in energy consumption are achieved due to the high-speed mode of grinding with a cycle of power 2o Impact on the material is less than the cycles of stress relaxation during its elastic deformations. A similar mode is implemented with a single-drive scheme, however, with a two-drive scheme, technical and economic indicators increase.

Thus, the device provides an increase in the efficiency of grinding, a reduction in the energy consumption of the grinding process, while simultaneously ensuring the separation of the crushed product into fractions and the return of non-standard components of the product for finishing without the use of special independent drive separation devices. Thus, the task is fulfilled. io)

Claims (2)

The formula for the invention of IS) 1. A device for self-grinding lumpy brittle materials containing a loading hopper, working t) bodies in the form of coaxial disks, one of which is fixed on a shaft with the possibility of rotation, the disks form a closed working volume with an unloading slot on their periphery, which differs the fact that the disks are installed in a casing that has loading and unloading nozzles, the disks are equipped radially (2.0) with 5 installed ribs-blades that divide the working volume into sectors, and elements for adjusting the gap of the unloading gap, and the disk, which is made with the possibility of rotation, equipped with air impellers and loading elements of a closed working volume. 2. The device according to claim 1, which differs in that the unloading nozzle of the casing is connected to the separation node, which contains unloading paths along the separation sections, the return path of the non-condition to the "grinding" working zone and elements for regulating the fractional composition. shv s i" -I (ee) ("c) s 50 sl F) ime) 60 b5