CN111359762B - Fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical ultramicro crushing equipment and method - Google Patents

Fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical ultramicro crushing equipment and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111359762B
CN111359762B CN202010286281.7A CN202010286281A CN111359762B CN 111359762 B CN111359762 B CN 111359762B CN 202010286281 A CN202010286281 A CN 202010286281A CN 111359762 B CN111359762 B CN 111359762B
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crushing
grading
crushing device
fluidized bed
turbine
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CN111359762A (en
Inventor
李长河
李铭宸
付辉
李心平
刘向东
吐鲁洪.吐尔迪
高连兴
杨会民
刘明政
张彦彬
王晓铭
侯亚丽
贾振明
马雁楠
卢楚楠
王荣
苗广震
冯义田
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Qingdao University of Technology
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Qingdao University of Technology
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Priority to CN202010286281.7A priority Critical patent/CN111359762B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2020/089379 priority patent/WO2021208162A1/en
Publication of CN111359762A publication Critical patent/CN111359762A/en
Priority to ZA2021/06685A priority patent/ZA202106685B/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/0012—Devices for disintegrating materials by collision of these materials against a breaking surface or breaking body and/or by friction between the material particles (also for grain)
    • B02C19/0018—Devices for disintegrating materials by collision of these materials against a breaking surface or breaking body and/or by friction between the material particles (also for grain) using a rotor accelerating the materials centrifugally against a circumferential breaking surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/06—Jet mills
    • B02C19/066—Jet mills of the jet-anvil type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/02—Feeding devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/30—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone the applied gas acting to effect material separation

Abstract

The invention provides fluidized bed colliding type jet mechanical ultramicro crushing equipment and a method, which comprises a rack, a feeding device, a primary crushing device, a secondary crushing device and a grading device, wherein the feeding device, the primary crushing device, the secondary crushing device and the grading device are arranged on the rack; the secondary crushing device is configured to exert an impact type airflow crushing effect, is positioned at the upper side of the primary crushing device, at least one part of the inner edge of the crushing chamber is in a sawtooth shape, a plurality of nozzles are distributed on the periphery of the crushing chamber, and a centripetal reverse jet flow field can be formed in the crushing chamber; the grading device is arranged above the secondary crushing device and is communicated with the crushing chamber. The invention can improve the crushing efficiency.

Description

Fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical ultramicro crushing equipment and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and particularly relates to fluidized bed colliding type airflow mechanical superfine crushing equipment and a method.
Background
The fruits, shells, rhizomes and other substances of a plurality of plants have high nutritional ingredients, for example, the peanut shells are the shells of peanuts, and the polyphenol substances in the peanut shells mainly comprise flavones (mainly luteolin), flavanones (mainly eriodictyol), chromone (mainly 5, 7-dihydroxy chromone) and the like, so that the peanut shells have good medical, antibacterial and health-care effects. However, most of the peanut shells are treated as garbage in the actual production process, some of the peanut shells are directly burned, most of the peanut shells are directly discarded and burned or used as coarse feed, and only a small amount of the peanut shells are used for extracting functional substances, so that the requirement for improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the peanut shells is also highlighted year by year. Researches show that after the superfine grinding, when the particle size of the peanut shell reaches micro-nano level, the specific surface area is increased, the surface activity is increased, and the performance of the peanut shell can be greatly changed.
The traditional superfine grinding device mainly utilizes a physical mechanical grinding method to carry out superfine grinding on materials, and specifically comprises the following steps: mechanical impact type, airflow type and grinding medium type superfine grinding devices. The mechanical impact type superfine crushing device utilizes a high-speed rotating part to strike, shear, impact and the like on the material, so that the material and other parts generate strong impact collision to finish superfine crushing; the airflow type superfine crushing device utilizes the impact between materials and the impact, friction and shearing with other parts under the action of high-speed airflow, and the airflow shears the materials to finish superfine crushing; the grinding medium type superfine grinding device completes superfine grinding by adding grinding media and utilizing impact, friction, shearing, impact, extrusion and the like between materials and the grinding media.
The mechanical impact type superfine grinding device has good grinding effect on flaky and fibrous materials, but heat is inevitably generated in the grinding process, thermosensitive materials cannot be ground, and the ground particles have larger graduation; after the airflow type superfine grinding device is used for grinding materials, the particle size distribution of the materials is uniform, the dispersibility is good, and no heat is generated, but the airflow type superfine grinding device is difficult to grind flaky and fibrous materials.
In the traditional crushing device, the working efficiency of a single crushing mode is very low, and the crushed particles have uneven graduation and poor dispersibility; a simple combined type crushing device, such as a mechanical impact type superfine crushing device and an airflow type superfine crushing device, is used in a combined manner, and materials crushed by the mechanical impact type superfine crushing device often cannot enter the airflow type superfine crushing device to be crushed in time, so that the materials are accumulated in the mechanical impact type superfine crushing device, and the airflow type superfine crushing device cannot normally crush; the simple combined type crushing device cannot be matched with the grading device well, so that material particles which meet the requirement of superfine crushing cannot be discharged in time, even the material particles are excessively crushed, and the crushing efficiency is influenced to a certain extent. The existing combined type crushing device is usually used for crushing only in a spatial plane area due to the airflow type superfine crushing device, and the crushing area is narrow and cannot fully utilize supersonic airflow to crush materials; the crushed materials enter the grading device under the action of the ascending air flow, the air flow gradually enters the grading area in the axial movement process, the flow of the axial air flow of the grading area is reduced, partial separation of particles in the grading area is caused, the particle concentration of the upper area and the lower area of the grading area is uneven, the particle size of the particles is uneven, and the crushed and graded materials still have the defects of uneven particle size distribution and poor dispersity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical superfine crushing equipment and a method.
According to some embodiments, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a fluidized bed colliding type airflow mechanical ultramicro crushing device, which comprises a rack, a feeding device, a primary crushing device, a secondary crushing device and a grading device, wherein the feeding device, the primary crushing device, the secondary crushing device and the grading device are arranged on the rack, and the grading device comprises a feeding device, a secondary crushing device and a grading device, wherein:
the primary crushing device is configured to exert impact type mechanical crushing action, a feed inlet of the primary crushing device is connected with the tail end of the feeding device, the primary crushing device comprises a crushing turntable and an inner lining plate arranged on the outer side of the crushing turntable, a plurality of impact crushing blades which are obliquely arranged are distributed on the crushing turntable, and a plurality of bulges are arranged on the inner edge of the inner lining plate;
the secondary crushing device is configured to exert an impact type airflow crushing effect and is positioned on the upper side of the primary crushing device, at least one part of the inner edge of a crushing chamber of the secondary crushing device is in a sawtooth shape, a plurality of nozzles are distributed on the periphery of the crushing chamber, and a centripetal and reverse jet flow field can be formed in the crushing chamber;
the grading device is arranged above the secondary crushing device and is communicated with the crushing chamber.
In the scheme, the materials enter the primary crushing device through the feeding device, and are subjected to great shearing force under the impact of the crushing turntable rotating at high speed and the arc-shaped lining plate, so that the materials are crushed at one time. After being crushed by the impact type mechanical primary crushing device, the materials enter a crushing chamber of the collision type airflow secondary crushing device along with airflow under the action of inclined and upturned impact crushing blades, nozzles are distributed on the periphery of the collision type airflow secondary crushing device, compressed air is expanded violently through the nozzles to accelerate the generated high-speed jet flow, and a centripetal reverse jet flow field is formed in the crushing chamber. Under the action of pressure difference, the material particles after primary crushing are fluidized, and the accelerated material particles are converged at the convergence point of the nozzle to generate violent impact and collision so as to be crushed for the second time. After being crushed by the collision type airflow secondary crushing device, the materials move to a certain height at the upper part of the crushing chamber along with the rising airflow, and after the coarse particles stall, the coarse particles fall back to the collision type airflow secondary crushing device along the wall surface of the crushing chamber under the action of gravity to be crushed again. The fine powder moves to a centrifugal turbine grading device at the upper part along with the airflow, in a forced vortex field generated by a turbine grading rotor rotating at a high speed, the fine particles are thrown to the vicinity of the cylinder wall under the action of centrifugal force, the speed disappears after the fine particles collide the wall, and the fine particles fall back to a collision type airflow secondary crushing device along with stall coarse powder for secondary crushing; the particles with smaller centrifugal force enter the middle part of the turbine grading rotor through the gaps of the grading blades on the turbine grading rotor, and then are discharged from the discharge hole above the turbine grading rotor, so that the whole superfine grinding work is completed.
As the selectable technical scheme, the feeding device is a spiral feeding device and comprises a feeding hopper, a feeding pipe is arranged on the lower side of the feeding hopper, a spiral auger is arranged in the feeding pipe, and the tail end of the feeding pipe is connected with a feeding hole of the primary crushing device.
As an alternative technical scheme, the pitch of the blades of the spiral auger is gradually increased along the axial conveying direction of the material. The problem of extrusion heat production in the material feeding process has been solved to this kind of mode of setting, has avoided the change of smashing the material characteristic.
As an alternative technical scheme, the crushing blades on the crushing rotary disk are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10-30 degrees to the vertical direction.
Preferably, the crushing blades on the crushing rotary disc are arranged at an angle of 15 degrees to the vertical direction.
As an alternative technical scheme, an inner lining plate is distributed on the inner wall of the primary crushing device, a plurality of circular arc grooves are formed in the inner edge of the inner lining plate, and the bulges are formed between every two adjacent circular arc grooves.
The lining plate can be made of materials with high hardness and good wear resistance, such as silicon carbide, corundum ceramics and the like.
As an alternative technical scheme, the nozzle comprises a plurality of nozzles which are arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer, and a plurality of nozzles are arranged in each layer and inclined at a certain included angle with the vertical direction.
Preferably, the nozzles are all Laval nozzles.
Preferably, the nozzles are arranged at an angle of 70 ° to 80 ° to the vertical.
As a selectable technical scheme, an inner lining plate is arranged on the inner wall of the secondary crushing device, and the surface of the inner lining plate is in a sawtooth shape.
The sawtooth-shaped lining plate can be made of wear-resistant corundum ceramic materials.
As a selectable technical scheme, the grading device is a centrifugal turbine grading device and comprises a grading cylinder, a turbine grading rotor and a driving mechanism, wherein the turbine grading rotor is arranged in the grading cylinder, a plurality of grading blades are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the turbine grading rotor, the turbine grading rotor is connected with the driving mechanism through a closed shaft system, and a discharge hole is formed above the grading cylinder.
As an alternative technical scheme, the part of the grading cylinder corresponding to the turbine grading rotor has a certain inclination and is tapered upwards.
Preferably, the taper angle is 5 ° to 15 °.
Preferably, the taper angle is 7 °.
As an alternative technical scheme, the grading blades of the turbine grading rotor are arc-shaped, and the distance between the grading blades is gradually enlarged from the middle part along the radial direction.
The second aspect of the invention provides a working method based on the equipment, the feeding device feeds the material to be processed into the primary crushing device, and the material is subjected to extremely large shearing force under the impact of the crushing turntable rotating at high speed and the lining plate, so that the material is crushed for one time;
under the action of the inclined upturned impact crushing blades, the compressed air enters a crushing chamber of a secondary crushing device along with the air flow, the compressed air is expanded violently through a nozzle to accelerate the generated high-speed jet flow, and a centripetal reverse jet flow field is formed inside the crushing chamber; under the action of pressure difference, the material particles after primary crushing are fluidized, and the accelerated material particles are converged at the convergence point of the nozzle to generate violent impact and collision to be crushed for the second time;
the material after the secondary crushing moves to a certain height above the crushing chamber along with the rising airflow, and after the coarse particles stall, the coarse particles fall back along the wall surface of the crushing chamber under the action of gravity to perform secondary crushing on the secondary crushing device; the fine powder moves to the upper grading device along with the airflow, and in a forced vortex field generated by the turbine grading rotor, the fine particles are thrown to the vicinity of the cylinder wall under the action of centrifugal force, the speed disappears after the fine particles collide the wall, and the fine particles fall back to the secondary crushing device along with the stalled coarse powder for secondary crushing;
the particles enter the middle part of the turbine grading rotor through the gaps of the grading blades on the turbine grading rotor and are discharged, and the whole superfine grinding work is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the ultramicro crushing equipment can realize quantitative feeding and reduce heat generation in the feeding process by designing the feeding device of the variable-pitch spiral auger, and can improve the whole crushing efficiency of the crushing device by matching the rotating speed of the spiral auger with the crushing speed of the crushing chamber.
(2) The crushing blades on the crushing rotary disc of the impact type mechanical primary crushing device are obliquely arranged along the vertical direction, so that the material particles after primary crushing can conveniently enter a crushing chamber of the collision type airflow secondary crushing device.
(3) The inner wall of the impact type mechanical one-time crushing device is distributed with arc-shaped inner lining plates, and the impact type mechanical one-time crushing device is processed and manufactured by materials with high hardness and good wear resistance, such as silicon carbide, corundum ceramics and the like. The narrow gap formed by the front end of the crushing blade fixed on the high-speed moving crushing rotary disk and the convex part of the lining plate makes the material flow passage suddenly and locally contract and the flow resistance increase. The air flow carries the material particles to be gathered at high speed, so that rapid mutual friction and extrusion are generated among the material particles, and the crushing of the material is accelerated.
(4) The nozzles are arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer, a plurality of nozzles are arranged in each layer, the nozzles are respectively obliquely arranged along the vertical direction, the central lines of the Laval nozzles are jointly converged at one point, and the resultant force is zero. A three-dimensional crushing space is formed, so that the crushing area is further enlarged, more chances of collision, extrusion and mutual friction of materials are obtained in the crushing chamber, and the crushing efficiency is further improved.
(5) The inner wall of the collision type airflow secondary crushing device is distributed with the sawtooth-shaped inner lining plate, and is processed and manufactured by adopting the wear-resistant corundum ceramics, so that the impact friction between materials and the crushing chamber is increased, and the wear of the inner wall of the crushing chamber is reduced.
(6) The grading device of the invention reduces the axial airflow flow of the grading area because the airflow gradually enters the grading area in the axial movement process. The reduction in the axial flow in the classifying zone results in partial separation of the particles in the classifying zone, resulting in non-uniform particle concentration and non-uniform particle size in the upper and lower regions of the classifying zone. Therefore, the outer cylinder wall of the centrifugal turbine grading device is gradually reduced upwards to ensure the uniformity of axial airflow of the grading zone, so that the gas-solid concentration and the particle size distribution above and below the grading zone are uniform, and the grading precision is improved.
(7) The grading blades of the turbine grading rotor are arc-shaped, and the distance between the grading blades is gradually enlarged from the middle part along the radial direction. When the turbine grading rotor rotates at a high speed, the arc-shaped grading blades can effectively utilize the centrifugal force of material particles with different sizes to finish particle grading, and the grading precision is improved.
(8) The driving mechanism is connected with the turbine grading rotor through a closed shaft system, so that coarse particles are prevented from being mixed into micro powder through gaps, the particle size of the material particles is completely controlled by the rotating speed of the servo motor, the particle size of the material particles can be adjusted freely to the maximum extent, and the precision and the accuracy of superfine grading are ensured.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic axial view of a fluidized bed collision type jet mechanical micronization apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a fluidized bed collision type jet mechanical micronizing apparatus;
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a screw feeder;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a screw feeder;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an impact mechanical primary comminution apparatus;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of an impact mechanical primary comminution apparatus;
FIG. 7 is a side view of the colliding jet mill;
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a turbine stage rotor;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a centrifugal turbine stage;
FIG. 10 is an exploded view of a centrifugal turbine classifier;
FIG. 11 is an exploded view of a turbine staged rotor shafting module;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a Laval nozzle;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a diverging section of a Laval nozzle;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a turbine stage rotor;
in the figure, a spiral feeding device I, an impact type mechanical primary crushing device II, an impact type airflow secondary crushing device III, a centrifugal turbine grading device IV and a frame V are arranged;
i-01-a rolling bearing, I-02-a feeding cylinder, I-03-a spiral auger, I-04-a stepping motor, an I-05-V type transmission belt, I-06-a small belt wheel, I-07-a large belt wheel, I-08-a shaft end cover plate and I-09-a feeding hopper.
II-01-circular-arc-shaped inner lining plate, II-02-crushing rotary table shaft, II-03-three-phase stepping motor, II-04-coupler, II-05-bottom cover plate and II-06-crushing rotary table.
III-01-Laval nozzle, III-02-external air inlet pipeline and III-03-sawtooth inner lining plate.
IV-01-fastening bolt module, IV-0101-fastening bolt, IV-0102-spring washer, IV-0103-fastening nut, IV-02-turbine classifying rotor shafting module, IV-0201-upper cover plate, IV-0202-upper rolling bearing, IV-0203-seal cavity, IV-0204-lower cover plate, IV-0205-lower bearing seat, IV-0206-lower rolling bearing, IV-0207-transmission shaft, IV-0208 upper bearing seat, IV-03-discharge port, IV-04-turbine classifying rotor, IV-0401-classifying blade, IV-05-centrifugal turbine classifying device classifying chamber outer cylinder, IV-06-centrifugal turbine classifying device classifying chamber upper sleeve, IV-07-coupler, IV-08-servo motor.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only terms of relationships determined for convenience of describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present invention, and are not intended to refer to any parts or elements of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be determined according to specific situations by persons skilled in the relevant scientific or technical field, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As introduced in the background art, the existing superfine crushing device has the defects of unsatisfactory crushing effect, high unit energy consumption and poor economy, and in order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a fluidized bed colliding type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device.
The application provides fluidized bed colliding type airflow mechanical ultramicro crushing equipment which comprises a spiral feeding device, an impact type mechanical primary crushing device, a colliding type airflow secondary crushing device and a centrifugal turbine grading device, wherein the spiral feeding device, the impact type mechanical primary crushing device, the colliding type airflow secondary crushing device and the centrifugal turbine grading device are fixed on a rack;
the spiral feeding device comprises a feeding hopper, a feeding cylinder is arranged on the lower side of the feeding hopper, a spiral auger is arranged in the feeding cylinder, and the tail end of the feeding cylinder is connected with the crushing chamber;
the impact type mechanical primary crushing device comprises an arc-shaped inner lining plate and a crushing rotary table, wherein a plurality of inclined impact crushing blades are uniformly distributed on the crushing rotary table;
the collision type airflow secondary crushing device comprises a sawtooth-shaped lining plate and Laval nozzles, wherein the Laval nozzles are arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer, and a plurality of Laval nozzles are arranged in an inclined manner along the vertical direction;
the centrifugal turbine grading device comprises a turbine grading rotor, a plurality of grading blades are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the turbine grading rotor, the grading blades are arc-shaped, and the distance between the grading blades is gradually reduced from two ends along the radial direction. The turbine grading rotor is connected with a servo motor rotating at a high speed, and the superfine grinding grading is completed by utilizing the centrifugal force when the material particles rotate.
Example 1
The fluidized bed colliding type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device disclosed in the embodiment is further described with reference to the attached drawings 1-14; in this embodiment, the peanut shells are used as the material, but in other embodiments, the material is not limited thereto, and other materials, such as ginseng, etc., may be processed.
Referring to attached drawings 1 and 2, the fluidized bed colliding type jet mill ultrafine crushing equipment comprises a spiral feeding device I, an impact type mechanical primary crushing device II, a colliding type jet mill secondary crushing device III, a centrifugal turbine grading device IV and a frame V, wherein the spiral feeding device I is arranged on one side of the impact type mechanical primary crushing device II, the centrifugal turbine grading device IV is arranged above the colliding type jet mill secondary crushing device, a feeding hole and the impact type mechanical primary crushing device II are respectively arranged below the colliding type jet mill secondary crushing device III, and the spiral feeding device I and the impact type mechanical primary crushing device II are respectively and fixedly arranged on the frame V.
The spiral feeding device I sends the peanut shells into the impact type mechanical primary crushing device II, and the peanut shells are crushed for one time under the action of the arc-shaped inner lining plate II-01 and the crushing rotary disc II-06 in the impact type mechanical primary crushing device II. Then the mixture enters an impinging type airflow secondary crushing device III, and secondary crushing is finished under the action of supersonic airflow formed by a Laval nozzle III-01. The peanut shell particles after secondary crushing enter a centrifugal turbine grading device IV under the driving of ascending air flow, a turbine grading rotor IV-05 in the centrifugal turbine grading device IV enables the peanut shell particles to generate centrifugal forces with different sizes, and the peanut shell particles meeting the requirement of superfine crushing are discharged from a discharge port IV-03 to finish the superfine crushing work.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the screw feeder I is driven by a stepping motor I-04, and the stepping motor I-04 can control the feeding speed. The stepping motor I-04 is fixedly connected with the frame V through a fastening bolt, a transmission shaft of the spiral auger I-03 is driven to rotate through the transmission of a V-shaped transmission belt I-05, a small belt pulley I-06 and a large belt pulley I-07, and the feeding work of peanut shells is completed by combining a rolling bearing I-01, a shaft end cover plate I-08 and a feeding hopper I-09 on a feeding cylinder I-02. The screw pitch of the spiral auger I-03 is gradually increased along the axial conveying direction of the peanut shells, so that the problem of heat generated by extrusion in the feeding process of the peanut shells is solved, and the change of the material characteristics of the peanut shells is avoided.
Referring to the attached figures 5 and 6, the impact type mechanical primary crushing device II comprises a circular arc inner lining plate II-01, a crushing rotary disc shaft II-02, a three-phase stepping motor II-03, a coupler II-04, a bottom cover plate II-05 and a crushing rotary disc II-06. And the outer cylinder wall of the impact type mechanical primary crushing device II is welded and fixed with the frame V. The three-phase stepping motor II-03 drives the crushing rotary disc II-06 to rotate through the crushing rotary disc shaft II-02 and the coupling II-04 to perform one-time superfine crushing on the peanut shells. The arc-shaped inner lining plate II-01 is positioned on the inner wall of the impact type mechanical primary crushing device II and is made of materials with high hardness and good wear resistance, such as silicon carbide, corundum ceramics and the like, and a narrow gap is formed between the front end of a crushing blade fixed on the high-speed movement crushing rotary disc II-06 and the protruding part of the lining plate, so that the channel of the peanut shell material flow is suddenly and locally contracted, and the flow resistance is increased. The air flow carries the peanut shell material particles to be gathered at a high speed, so that the peanut shell material particles generate rapid mutual friction and extrusion, and the crushing of the peanut shells is accelerated; the crushing blades on the crushing rotary discs II-06 are obliquely arranged at an angle of 15 degrees with the vertical direction, so that the peanut shell particles after primary crushing can conveniently enter the collision type airflow secondary crushing device III.
Referring to the attached figure 7, the colliding type airflow secondary crushing device III is composed of a Laval nozzle III-01, an external air inlet pipeline III-02 and a sawtooth-shaped convex inner lining plate III-03. The sawtooth-shaped lining plate III-03 is positioned on the inner wall of the clash type airflow secondary crushing device III and is processed and manufactured by adopting wear-resistant corundum ceramics, so that the impact friction between the peanut shell and the crushing chamber is increased, and the wear of the inner wall of the crushing chamber is reduced. The crushed gas after drying, high pressure treatment and the like enters a collision type airflow secondary crushing device III through an external air inlet pipeline III-02, and then the crushed gas passes through a Laval nozzle III-01 to become supersonic gas meeting the superfine crushing requirement of the peanut shells. The Laval nozzles III-01 are arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer, each layer is 3, the Laval nozzles are respectively obliquely arranged in an angle of 74 degrees with the vertical direction, the central lines of the Laval nozzles III-01 are jointly intersected at one point, the resultant force is zero, a three-dimensional crushing space is formed, the crushing area is further enlarged, more chances of collision, extrusion and mutual friction of peanut shells are obtained in the crushing chamber, and the crushing efficiency is further improved.
Of course, in other embodiments, the number, distribution form and inclination angle of the nozzles may be changed according to specific conditions and environments, as long as it is ensured that each nozzle can generate supersonic gas, the center lines of each nozzle jointly meet at one point, and the resultant force is zero, so as to form a three-dimensional crushing space.
As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the design of the Laval nozzle III-01 of the secondary air-jet impact mill III of the present embodiment will be described in detail below, and the Laval nozzle can be used to meet the working requirements of the secondary air-jet impact mill III in order to obtain sufficient milling kinetic energy for the peanut shells according to the working requirements and the manufacturing cost of the secondary air-jet impact mill III.
The front half part of the nozzle of the Laval nozzle is contracted to a narrow throat from big to small, and the narrow throat is expanded outwards from small to big. The gas in the external gas inlet pipe body is subjected to high pressure, flows into the front half part of the nozzle, passes through the narrow throat and escapes from the rear half part. The structure can make the speed of the airflow change due to the change of the cross section area of the nozzle, so that the airflow is accelerated from subsonic speed to sonic speed until the airflow is accelerated to supersonic speed. Therefore, to control the flow of air to be regularly varied, it is necessary to shape the nozzle. The acceleration process by sonic velocity can proceed very smoothly (without shock waves) provided the shape of the nozzle is not such as to produce a concentration of compression waves. If the gas reaches its maximum flow velocity at the smallest cross-section, the flow enters the diverging portion of the nozzle and the flow velocity continues to increase, thereby creating a supersonic gas flow. Reasonable change rule of the sectional area of the pipeline has great influence on the efficiency of the nozzle.
In this embodiment, the laval nozzle comprises 4 sections: the stable section, subsonic constriction, throat, supersonic expansion (as shown in fig. 12), each of which is designed strictly according to the aerodynamic principle.
The mach number Ma is an important factor for determining the cross-sectional area, pressure, gas density and flow rate variation of the laval nozzle, and thus the mach number Ma can be used as a main parameter for nozzle design in the design process. From the relationship between mach number and cross-sectional area, a curve equation for the nozzle can be derived. The total parameters of the air flow in the isentropic adiabatic flow are kept unchanged, and the change rule in the flow field can be researched by using stagnation parameters:
Figure BDF0000013862300000151
Figure BDF0000013862300000152
Figure BDF0000013862300000153
Figure BDF0000013862300000154
in the formula: t is*(K) Is the stagnation temperature of the gas stream; t (K) is the static temperature of the gas; ma is Mach number; gamma is the adiabatic index; p*(MPa) is the stagnation pressure; p (MPa) is static pressure; rho*(kg/m3) Is the total density; rho (kg/m)3) Is static density; a is*(m/s) is the stagnation sound velocity; and a (m/s) is the local speed of sound. As can be seen from the formula (1-3), for Laval nozzle, when Ma <1, the temperature, pressure and density of the fluid are all reduced along with the increase of the Mach number; when Ma > 1, the temperature, pressure and density of the fluid are reduced along with the increase of the Mach number, so that the expansion, decompression and acceleration of the fluid are realized.
Determination of the Length of the stabilized segment
The purpose of the stabilizing section is to make the air flow entering the nozzle uniform, which is a prerequisite for the convergent section. The diameter of the stabilizer section is related to the diameter of the throat, and theoretically, the larger the ratio of the two is, the better the ratio is. The length of the stable section needs to have enough length to ensure uniform inflow, and the length of the stable section is about 10 times of the diameter of the throat part. But the size of the stabilizer section also varies in practice in practical designs.
Determination of throat diameter
The throat is a transition section for converting the gas flow from subsonic speed to supersonic speed, which is important in the whole nozzle design, and the curve of the section cannot change too fast, so that a section of circular arc is required to be selected as the transition curve. The sectional area of the throat part of the mouth is determined by the gas flow, and the diameter of the throat part is calculated by the following method when the steam is saturated:
Figure BDF0000013862300000161
in the formula: g (kilograms per hour) is the gas flow rate; p (MPa) is the absolute pressure. Linear length of throat03-5 mm, nozzle outlet diameter d1＝C'd0Where C' is a constant determined by the expansion ratio E. Practice has shown that the nozzle outlet cross section has a great influence on the efficiency. If the flow is too large, the airflow is over-expanded to generate shock waves, the shock waves are reduced to subsonic velocity, and the efficiency is remarkably reduced; too little causes insufficient expansion of the gas and the gas stream, after leaving the nozzle, continues to expand, also causing energy losses, but less than when over-expanded. Experiments show that the sectional area of the outlet is smaller than the theoretical calculation value so as not to generate over expansion, and the sectional area is generally 70-80% of the theoretical calculation value. The diameter d of the nozzle inlet can be selected according to the flow velocity of 10-30 m/s.
Determination of the length of the puncture
The subsonic contraction section has the function of acceleratingAnd the air flow is ensured to be uniform, straight and stable at the outlet of the contraction section. The performance of the constrictor depends on the ratio of the inlet area to the outlet area of the constrictor and the shape of the constrictor curve, and there are many ways to design the constrictor. Half cone angle alpha of inlet cone1Generally, the selected diameter is larger, and the same approximately constant curvature radius is used for the transition part from the contraction section to the throat, and the curvature radius is slightly larger than the throat radius, so that the purpose is to make the transition very smooth and gentle, and then the length of the contraction section is as follows:
Figure BDF0000013862300000171
determination of the length of the dilated segment
Half apex angle alpha of expansion section2The application range (as shown in fig. 13) generally uses a smaller angle. Because the expansion angle is too large, shock waves generated at the outlet of the spray head are serious, and jet flow is diffused quickly; too small a divergence angle results in a very long supersonic channel, too thick a boundary layer and pressure loss. The transition from the throat to the divergent section should be very smooth and gradual. The realistic approach is to use the same approximately constant radius of curvature at the transition from the laryngeal opening to the dilating segment. The intersection of the expanding section and the nozzle end face preferably has a small radius of curvature, and the large radius of curvature can make the natural gas jet unstable and reduce the penetration capacity of the natural gas jet. The calculation formula of the length of the expansion segment is
Figure BDF0000013862300000172
Pressure calculation
From the aerodynamic function formula, the pressure of the gas flow on the outlet cross section can be derived:
Pe＝P*π(λe) (8)
thus making Pπ＝PeWherein, in the step (A),
Figure BDF0000013862300000173
called the velocity coefficient, a is the local speed of sound.
Figure BDF0000013862300000181
Figure BDF0000013862300000182
Wherein Me is the Mach number before reduction.
Figure BDF0000013862300000183
Total pressure is inlet pressure:
Pe＝P*π(λe) (12)
temperature calculation
The temperature relationship is as follows:
Figure BDF0000013862300000184
here, the temperature:
Figure BDF0000013862300000185
in the formula: t is0(K) Is the inlet temperature; t ise(K) Is the outlet temperature; γ is an adiabatic index, and in this example, 1.33 is taken.
Referring to fig. 8-10, the design of the turbine stage rotor IV-04 is described in detail below. According to the requirements of the grading device and the manufacturing cost, the turbine grading rotor is adopted to meet the working requirements in order to improve the grading precision of the particles and ensure that the crushed particles have better dispersibility. The grading blades IV-0401 of the turbine grading rotor IV-04 are in an arc shape, and the distance between the grading blades is gradually enlarged from the middle part along the radial direction. When the turbine grading rotor IV-04 rotates at a high speed, the arc-shaped grading blades can effectively utilize the centrifugal force of peanut shell particles with different sizes to finish particle grading, and the grading precision is improved.
The peanut shell particles crushed by the clashing type airflow secondary crushing device III enter a centrifugal turbine grading device IV under the action of ascending airflow. The servo motor IV-08 drives the transmission shaft and the grading rotor on the transmission shaft to rotate at a high speed, the centrifugal force and the centripetal force applied to the peanut shell particles are rapidly increased, and the grading of the particles is realized through the balance action of the centrifugal force and the centripetal force applied to the particles. As shown in FIG. 14, the sectional area of the rotor is S, the particle diameter of P point is d, and the density is ρsThe centrifugal force to which the particles are subjected:
Figure BDF0000013862300000191
the centripetal force to which the particles are subjected:
Figure BDF0000013862300000192
f and d can be obtained by the formulae (15) and (16)3In direct proportion, R and d2Is in direct proportion. Thus, when the particle size of the material particles entering the classifier is large, F>R, the resultant force direction is the same as that of F, and the particles move towards the circumferential direction; when the particles of the material entering the classifier are small, F<And R, the resultant force direction is the same as that of R, and the particles move to the rotation center. Based on the principle, the collection of particles with different particle sizes can be realized. When F ═ R, the particles will rotate around a graded circular orbit of radius R without stopping, and the diameter of the particles under this condition is called the graded particle diameter dthFrom formulas (15) and (16), it is possible to obtain:
Figure BDF0000013862300000193
obtaining:
Figure BDF0000013862300000194
if the stage state is laminar flow, the medium resistance can be obtained by a Stokes formula:
R1＝3πμdUrr (18)
and (3) substituting formula (18) into (15) to obtain a classification particle size when F ═ R:
Figure BDF0000013862300000201
if the classification state is turbulent flow, the medium resistance can be obtained by the Newton formula:
R2＝π/8kρd2Ur (20)
when formula (20) is substituted for formula (15) to obtain F ═ R, the particle size of the fraction:
Figure BDF0000013862300000202
in the jet milling classification, since the particles generated by milling are fine, the sedimentation of the fine particles after classification can be calculated according to stokes law, the classification state is laminar flow, and the classification particle diameter is expressed by formula (19):
peripheral speed of the rotor of the subset
Uθ＝2πnr (22)
Centripetal airflow velocity
Figure BDF0000013862300000203
Substituting formula (22) and formula (23) for formula (21):
Figure BDF0000013862300000204
in the formula, k is a resistance coefficient; rhos(g/mL) is the density of the powder; ρ (g/mL) is the density of the gas; μ (Pa · s) is the gas dynamic viscosity, μ (Pa · s) is the dynamic viscosity of air, μ ═ 0.18 × 10-4(ii) a r (cm) is the radius of the classifying rotor; dth3(μm) Is a theoretical critical particle size; n (r/min) is the rotating speed of the grading rotor; s (cm)2) Is the area of a certain section of the rotor; q (cm)3And/s) is the air flow through the cross section.
Obtainable from (24), dth3Is inversely proportional to n, that is, the higher the rotation speed of the classifying rotor, the smaller the particle size of the particles obtained after classification; dth3Proportional to the square root of Q, dth3Increasing with increasing Q.
Referring to the attached drawings 11-13, a centrifugal turbine grading device IV is composed of a fastening bolt module IV-01, a fastening bolt IV-0101, a spring washer IV-0102, a fastening nut IV-0103, a turbine grading rotor shafting module IV-02, an upper cover plate IV-0201, an upper rolling bearing IV-0202, a sealing cavity IV-0203, a lower cover plate IV-0204, a lower bearing seat IV-0205, a lower rolling bearing IV-0206, a transmission shaft IV-0207, an upper bearing seat IV-0208, a discharge port IV-03, a turbine grading rotor IV-04, a grading blade IV-0401, a centrifugal turbine grading device grading chamber outer cylinder IV-05, a centrifugal turbine grading device grading chamber upper sleeve IV-06, a coupling IV-07 and a servo motor IV-08. The servo motor IV-08 is fixed on the upper part of an upper sleeve IV-06 of a grading chamber of the centrifugal turbine grading device through a fastening bolt IV-0101 of a fastening bolt module IV-01, a spring washer IV-0102 and a fastening nut IV-0103. The turbine grading rotor IV-04 is connected with the servo motor IV-08 through a turbine grading rotor shafting module IV-02 and a coupler IV-07, so that centrifugal turbine grading of peanut shell particles is realized.
In this embodiment, the centrifugal turbine classifier stage outer barrel IV-05 tapers upward by 7 ° because the flow gradually enters the classifying zone during the axial movement, reducing the flow of the axial flow of the classifying zone. The reduction of the axial airflow of the grading zone can cause partial separation of particles in the grading zone, the concentration of the particles in the upper and lower regions of the grading zone is uneven, the particle size of the particles is uneven, and the grading chamber outer cylinder IV-05 of the centrifugal turbine grading device which is gradually contracted upwards by 7 degrees can ensure the uniformity of the axial airflow of the grading zone, so that the gas-solid concentration and the particle size distribution above and below the grading zone are even, and the grading precision is improved.
The lower end of a transmission shaft IV-0207 of the turbine grading rotor shafting module IV-02 is connected with a turbine grading rotor IV-04, and the upper end of the transmission shaft IV-0207 is connected with a coupler IV-07. The upper rolling bearing IV-0202 is in contact fit with the upper cover plate IV-0201 and the upper bearing seat IV-0208, the lower rolling bearing IV-0206 is in contact fit with the lower cover plate IV-0204 and the lower bearing seat IV-0205, and the sealing cavity IV-0203 is respectively welded and fixed with the upper bearing seat IV-0208 and the lower bearing seat IV-0205. The turbine grading rotor shafting module IV-02 is hermetically connected, so that the situation that the normal work of the rolling bearing is influenced by peanut shell micro powder entering the rolling bearing is avoided, and meanwhile, coarse particles are prevented from being mixed into the micro powder through gaps, the particle size of the peanut shell particles is completely controlled by the rotating speed of the servo motor IV-08, the particle size of the peanut shell particles can be adjusted freely within the maximum limit, and the precision and the accuracy of superfine grading are ensured. After the classification is finished by the centrifugal turbine classification device IV, the peanut shell micro powder meeting the crushing requirement enters the next procedure from the discharge port IV-03.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. The utility model provides a fluidized bed collision formula jet machinery superfine crushing apparatus which characterized in that: including the frame, set up feed arrangement, primary crushing device, secondary crushing device and grading plant in the frame, wherein:
the primary crushing device is configured to exert impact type mechanical crushing action, a feed inlet of the primary crushing device is connected with the tail end of the feeding device, the primary crushing device comprises a crushing turntable and an inner lining plate arranged on the outer side of the crushing turntable, a plurality of impact crushing blades which are obliquely arranged are distributed on the crushing turntable, and a plurality of bulges are arranged on the inner edge of the inner lining plate; the inner edge of the lining plate is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped grooves, and the bulges are formed between the adjacent arc-shaped grooves; a gap is formed between the front end of the crushing blade and the protrusion;
the secondary crushing device is configured to exert an impact type airflow crushing effect and is positioned on the upper side of the primary crushing device, at least one part of the inner edge of a crushing chamber of the secondary crushing device is in a sawtooth shape, a plurality of nozzles are distributed on the periphery of the crushing chamber, and a centripetal and reverse jet flow field can be formed in the crushing chamber;
the grading device is arranged above the secondary crushing device and is communicated with the crushing chamber; the grading device is a centrifugal turbine grading device and comprises a grading cylinder and a turbine grading rotor arranged in the grading cylinder; the part of the grading cylinder corresponding to the turbine grading rotor has certain inclination and is tapered upwards; a plurality of circular arc-shaped grading blades are uniformly arranged on the turbine grading rotor, and the distance between every two adjacent grading blades is gradually enlarged from the middle of the turbine grading rotor along the radial direction.
2. The fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the feeding device is a spiral feeding device and comprises a feeding hopper, an inlet pipe is arranged on the lower side of the feeding hopper, a spiral auger is arranged in the inlet pipe, and the tail end of the inlet pipe is connected with a feed inlet of a primary crushing device.
3. The fluidized bed colliding type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that: the blade pitch of the spiral auger is gradually increased along the axial conveying direction of the material.
4. The fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the crushing blades on the crushing rotary disc are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10-30 degrees with the vertical direction.
5. The fluidized bed colliding type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that: the crushing blades on the crushing rotary disc are obliquely arranged at an angle of 15 degrees with the vertical direction.
6. The fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the nozzle comprises a plurality of nozzles which are arranged in an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein each layer is provided with a plurality of nozzles which are obliquely arranged at certain included angles with the vertical direction.
7. The fluidized bed colliding type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that: the nozzles are all Laval nozzles.
8. The fluidized bed colliding type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that: the nozzles are obliquely arranged at an angle of 70-80 degrees to the vertical direction.
9. The fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and an inner lining plate is arranged on the inner wall of the secondary crushing device, and the surface of the inner lining plate is in a zigzag shape.
10. The fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the grading device further comprises a driving mechanism, a plurality of grading blades are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the turbine grading rotor, the turbine grading rotor is connected with the driving mechanism through a closed shaft system, and a discharge hole is formed in the upper portion of the grading cylinder.
11. The fluidized bed colliding type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that: the taper angle is 5-15 degrees.
12. The fluidized bed colliding type airflow mechanical superfine crushing device as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that: the taper angle is 7 °.
13. Method of operating an apparatus according to any of claims 1-12, characterized by: the feeding device sends the material to be processed into the primary crushing device, and the crushing turntable and the inner lining plate which rotate at high speed apply shearing force to the material to realize primary crushing of the material;
under the action of the oblique upturned impact crushing blades, the materials after primary crushing enter a crushing chamber of a secondary crushing device along with air flow, a nozzle sprays the materials, a centripetal reverse jet flow field is formed in the crushing chamber, and the material particles after primary crushing are fluidized by the differential pressure environment in the crushing chamber and are subjected to severe impact and collision to be secondarily crushed;
the secondary crushing device receives coarse-grained materials falling back under the action of gravity and crushes the coarse-grained materials again; the classifying device receives the fine particles, the turbine classifying rotor generates a forced vortex field, centrifugal force is applied to the entering fine particles, the materials are thrown to the vicinity of the cylinder wall and fall back to the secondary crushing device along with the stalled coarse particles for secondary crushing;
the gaps of the grading blades on the turbine grading rotor enable particles to pass through and enter the middle of the turbine grading rotor, and then the particles are discharged, so that the whole superfine grinding work is completed.
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