RU2694313C1 - Dismembrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: disintegrators and crushing devices.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for grinding of various materials and can be used in construction, chemical and other industries, in particular for processing solid lumps, for example fluoroanhydrite. Dismembrator comprises cylindrical housing with loading and unloading branch pipes, vertically arranged in housing movable (rotor) and fixed (stator) disks, with concentrically arranged rows of grinding elements in form of pins arranged between rows of grinding elements of opposite disc. In the dismembrator there is a pressure drop source in the form of a fan, the blades of which play the plates of peripheral row of rotor grinding elements located behind the last row of stator fingers and at an angle to the rotor circumferential velocity vector. In loading branch pipe there is a branch pipe configured to change its flow section to realize possibility of controlled air supply to housing of device, and in the middle – cylindrical part of unloading pipe, made in the form of articulation of parts of diffuser-cylinder-confuser type, armored hob is rigidly fixed. Maximum efficiency of the proposed device when grinding fluoroanhydrite is 1,700 kg/h, and the dispersity of the ground material is 0.5 mcm.

EFFECT: invention allows to smoothly control the mills raw material productivity and dispersity.

5 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to a device for grinding various materials and can be used in construction, chemical and other industries, in particular for the processing of solid lumpy raw materials, for example, fluoride hydrate.

Known dismembrator (SU # 1389842, В02С 13/22, publ. 04/23/1988), comprising a cylindrical body with a vertical rotor located in it with concentrically mounted rows of fingers, between which are placed rows of stator grinding elements, loading and unloading nozzles, while grinding the stator elements are made in the form of plates and set at an angle of 140-160 to the direction of the vector of the peripheral speed of the rotor. The dismembrator is provided with a casing covering the peripheral grinding elements on 5/6 circumference, and the peripheral branches of the plates not covered in the discharge pipe are made vertical by the casing and have slats deflected at an angle of 120-140, with the windows above the slats mounting above which assembled fender elements concave shape. The advantages of the dismembrator include the good quality of grinding due to the presence of breaker elements at the exit, which return the largest particles of material to regrind. The disadvantages of this device include the relatively low grinding rate of raw materials and the inability to adjust it.

Common essential features with the claimed device is the presence of a cylindrical body, loading and unloading nozzles located in the vertical rotor case with concentrically mounted rows of fingers, between which are placed rows of grinding elements of the stator, the presence of a baffle element in the discharge pipe.

From the patent for invention (RU # 21343448, IPC В02С 19/06, publ. 27.11.2002) a device is known for aerodynamic grinding of materials of mineral and vegetable origin with different hardness and humidity. A device for aerodynamic grinding of materials includes a housing with inlet and outlet openings, a grinding chamber with counter-rotating rotors installed in it, on which accelerating blades with different angles of attack are concentrically located. The grinding chamber is provided with a source for creating a pressure drop between the inlet and outlet openings, made in the form of a fan, the blades of which are placed along the periphery of one of the rotors. In the device, by means of a pressure drop source, a forced flow of the material to be ground from the center to the periphery of the chamber is created. The advantages of the device include the ability to control the performance and dispersion of comminuted materials by changing the pressure drop in the grinding chamber by changing the angle of attack of the fan blades. The disadvantages include the lack of the possibility of disintegration of solid lumpy raw materials due to the rapid and significant wear of the accelerating blades and fan blades when interacting with solid raw materials.

Common essential features of this device with the claimed dismembrator is the presence of a housing, a rotating rotor with concentrically arranged elements, creating a force on the material to be ground, a source of pressure drop, made in the form of a fan, the blades of which are located along the periphery of one of the rotors.

Known dismembrator, (RU # 2290997, IPC В02С 13/22, publ. 17.05.2005), comprising a housing with a lid in which a rotating disk (rotor) with concentrically mounted rows of fingers is placed, between which concentric rows of fingers mounted on a fixed the lid, inlet funnel and discharge outlet, in which at least two ribs are mounted inside the inlet funnel, orienting the material to be crushed in the direction close to the funnel axis, and sector circular flat movable and fixed knives are fixed for Chopping the material into parts smaller than the length of the fingers, and the rotor is equipped with blades to ensure the removal of the crushed product and reduce the content of dust-like particles in the crushed material.

The advantages of the device should include a good quality and increased grinding speed due to the introduction of blades located on the periphery of the rotor into the design. The disadvantages of this design are the low structural strength of the fan and the inability to control the performance and dispersion of the comminuted materials.

Common essential features with the claimed dismembrator are the presence of a body, loading and unloading nozzles concentrically mounted in rows on the rotor and stator of the grinding elements in the form of fingers, a source of pressure drop in the form of fan blades located on the periphery of the rotor.

The closest adopted for the prototype is dismembrator (UA №91695, VS 13/22, publ. 08/25/2010). The dismembrator contains a cylindrical body, a rotor vertically disposed in it with concentrically mounted rows of fingers, between which are rows of grinding elements of the stator, which are made in the form of plates and set at an angle to the rotor circular velocity vector, the peripheral concentric row of stator plates is made throughout the entire width of the case and has a window. Plates in the form of blades of a centrifugal blower are fixed on the rear side of the rotor; accordingly, windows are made in the body, and the discharge nozzle is made to the full width of the body. The invention provides improved grinding efficiency by preventing overheating and aggregation of grinding products and adhesion of dismembrator working bodies. The advantages of the device include an increased grinding rate due to the introduction of a pressure drop into the design of the source in the form of blades located on the rear side of the rotor. The disadvantages of this design is the lack of ability to control the performance and dispersion of comminuted materials.

The common essential features of this device with the inventive dismembrator is the presence of a cylindrical body with loading and unloading nozzles, vertically located in the rotor case with concentrically mounted rows of fingers, between which there are rows of grinding elements of the stator, a source of pressure drop, placed on the rotor.

Low reliability, low grinding speed and the inability to control the grinding speed and dispersion of the crushed materials significantly limit the performance of known dismembrators, reduce the efficiency of their work. These problems can be resolved using the claimed device.

The technical result obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the efficiency of the device due to the formation of additional effects on the material being crushed by creating a controlled forced flow of the material being crushed from the center to the periphery of the chamber, realizing the possibility of controlling the dispersibility of the materials being crushed and the performance of the device.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a dismembrator containing a cylindrical body with loading and unloading nozzles vertically placed in the body by a rotor and a stator with concentrically mounted rows of grinding elements located between the rows of grinding elements of the opposite disk, the source of pressure difference, made in the form of a fan, the blades of which are placed on the rotor, the grinding elements of the rotor, with the exception of its peripheral row, and the stator are made in the form of fingers, and the blades in The fan is made in the form of plates of a peripheral row of grinding rotor elements placed at an angle to the rotor circumferential speed vector and located behind a peripheral row of grinding elements of the stator, while the branch pipe has a branch configured to change its flow cross section to allow adjustable air supply to device case, and in the middle cylindrical part of the discharge pipe, made in the form of a joint of parts like diffuser-cylinder-confuser, zhno broneotboynaya fixed plate.

It is advisable to disassemble plate peripheral row of grinding elements of the rotor flat.

Optimally in the dismembrator plate peripheral row of grinding elements of the rotor positioned at an angle of 45 degrees to the vector of the peripheral speed of the rotor.

It is recommended that the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical channel of the discharge pipe between the walls of the diffuser-confused articulation and the armored plate is equal to the area of the flow area of the discharge pipe of the dismembrator.

It is rational to perform a loading nozzle in the form of a funnel with a branch in which a valve is installed with the possibility of smoothly changing its flow area.

The inventive device allows you to increase the efficiency of grinding due to the formation of additional effects on the grindable material, by creating a controlled forced flow of the grindable material from the center to the periphery of the chamber. Indeed, according to the working hypothesis developed by I.A. Hint (Hint IA On the main problems of mechanical activation. Tallinn, 1977. Preprint 1.), the activation of the crushed material is determined by three parameters: the impact velocity, the number of shocks and the time interval between subsequent shocks. The activation of the material occurs in a wide range of power effects, from the forces of pure compression to shear forces. In the zone of direct impact, the material is activated by compression forces, and the product is obtained predominantly of a large fraction, in the zone of a sliding impact, the material is activated by shearing forces, and the product is obtained predominantly in the fines fraction. Finger-shaped grinding elements of the dismembrator give the material the widest range of types of impact from direct impact to inclination sliding with all possible angles. When a source of pressure drop appears, due to an increase in the rate of movement of particles of disintegrated raw materials inside the dismembrator from the loading window to the discharge pipe, the amount of shear force increases, the grinding process is intensified.

The forced flow of comminuted material from the center to the periphery of the chamber is created due to the pressure drop from the fan blades, made in the form of plates mounted on the periphery of the rotor and inclined relative to the vector of the circumferential speed of the rotor (at 45 ° as option). Plates mounted on the periphery of the rotor, in addition to the role of the fan blades, are also grinding elements, which leads to more efficient grinding of the material.

The performance of the device and the dispersion of the material are controlled by changing the volume of the air flow circulating through the branch pipe of the loading pipe through the space of the working chamber and up to the discharge pipe. The magnitude of the shear forces, varying with the change in the size of the air flow, determines the dispersion of the material at the output of the dismembrator. In one of the embodiments of the device, the volume of the air flow is regulated by a flap installed inside the branch hopper.

Additional intensification of grinding is also achieved due to the fact that there is an armored launch plate in the discharge pipe, which returns the largest fractions of the material back to the grinding chamber.

In order to avoid reducing the flow area between the armored plate and the wall of the discharge pipe and increasing its drag, leading to an increased risk of jamming of the dismembrator, the flow area of the cylindrical channel between the walls of the diffuser-confused joint and the armored plate is equal to section of the discharge pipe. Armor plate is flat to eliminate sticking or slipping of material.

The invention is illustrated graphic materials:

FIG. 1 shows a general view of the dismembrator and a cross section of the working chamber. FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the working chamber (section A-A in FIG. 1).

FIG. 3 shows an enlarged fragment of the section A-A, an external element A. FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of the diffuser-confused channel with an armored chute plate along the line BB in FIG. 3.

The dismembrator (Fig. 1) contains a cylindrical body 1, a feed funnel 2 (option), made with a horizontal branch 3 for supplying air. In the air supply branch, a damper 4 (option) is installed to change the branch cross-sectional area, which varies from 0 to S, where S is the branch cross-sectional area. A fixed disk (stator) 5, as well as a rotatable disk (rotor) 6 mounted on the shaft 7 of the bearing unit 8, rigidly mounted on the disks, for example, by pressing, rows of fingers 9 and 10, respectively, are located coaxially in the cylindrical housing. This drives are arranged vertically. Each of the concentric rows of the fingers of the stator 9 is located between the rows of the fingers of the rotor 10 (Fig. 2). All fingers have a cylindrical shape with a uniform section over the entire length, and the peripheral row of grinding elements on the rotor is made in the form of flat plates 11 inclined at an angle relative to the vector of the peripheral speed of the rotor F (45 ° version, Fig. 3). In the tangential discharge pipe 12 is installed on the rods 13 armored plate plate of the flat shape 14 (Fig. 4). In one of the embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical channel between the walls of the diffuser-confused joint and the armored plate is equal to the cross-section area of the discharge pipe.

The dismembrator works as follows. Grinding material, for example, fluoride, after pre-grinding in a ball mill, is fed to the inlet of the hopper 2 and under the action of gravity and suction of the vacuum force enters the space of the working chamber formed by the gaps between the fingers of the rotor and stator. With the damper 4 of the branch 3 open, under the action of the unidirectional rotation of the rotor 6, swirling vortices appear, which, acting on the compacted material layer at the outlet of the loading funnel, carry it out of the loading nozzle into the working area, where it spirally hits the first row of rotor fingers 6 and under the action centrifugal force is crushed. As a result of the impact of the fluoride particles on the fingers of one row of the rotor, the particles get accelerated and are thrown onto the grinding elements of the next stator row, while the movement of the fluoride hydride particles and their size decrease occur. Particles pass sequentially from the center to the periphery through the gaps between adjacent rows of fingers and the gaps between the fingers and fall on the peripheral row of the rotor plates 11, where they are additionally crushed and removed from the working chamber through the discharge port. The flat plates of the rotor 11, inclined at an angle relative to the vector of the peripheral speed of the movable disk F, also serve as the fan blades, whose operation creates a pressure drop between the hopper and the discharge pipe and provides an additional shear effect on the particles to be ground. The flow of the crushed material is removed from the working chamber through the discharge pipe 12, located tangentially and gets on the armored launch plate 14, on which there is an additional grinding of the bulk material and the return of the largest fractions into the working chamber for additional processing. The cross-sectional area of the cylindrical channel between the walls of the diffuser-confused articulation and the armored end plate is equal to the flow area of the discharge pipe to reduce the drag of the diffuse-confused channel. Passing the crushed armored plate, the crushed fluoro-anhydrite is thrown into the storage bin by a stream of air.

An example of a specific implementation.

Using the proposed dismembrator was carried out grinding fluoroanhydrite. The diameter of the dismembrator discs was 56 cm. The inclination of the flat plates of the peripheral row of grinding elements of the rotor to the vector of peripheral speed was 45 °. The internal diameter of the branch for the air supply was equal to 10 cm of the charging funnel. By adjusting the position of the flap in the branch, the flow area was gradually changed from 0 to 75.5 cm. The results of the device performance are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Dependence of the performance of the dismembrator and dispersion of fluorohydrite on the position of the air supply branch valve at the linear speed of the peripheral row of rotor elements 150 m / s

As can be seen from table 1, an increase in air flow through the dismembrator with an increase in the branching flow area leads to an increase in productivity and a decrease in the average particle size of the fluoroanhydrite at the outlet.

The maximum capacity of the device according to the invention for the grinding of fluoroanhydrite was 1700 kg / h and was achieved at a linear speed of the peripheral row of plates of the order of 200 m / s.

The installation of the armored plate in the discharge nozzle increased the dispersion of crushed fluoroanhydrite to a value of 0.5 μm, while 10% of the material had a dispersion of 0.1 μm.

Thus, the claimed dismembrator is a highly efficient device with controlled performance and dispersion of the resulting product.

Claims (5)

1. Dismembrator containing a cylindrical body with loading and unloading nozzles, vertically housed in the body movable (rotor) and stationary (stator) discs, with concentrically mounted rows of grinding elements located between rows of grinding elements of the opposite disk, source of pressure drop, made in the form A fan whose blades are placed on the rotor, characterized in that the grinding elements of the rotor, with the exception of its peripheral row, and the stator are made in the form of fingers, and the blade the fan is made in the form of peripheral plates of the rotor grinding elements placed at an angle to the rotor circumferential speed vector and located behind the peripheral series of the stator grinding elements, while the branch pipe has a branch made with the possibility of changing its bore to allow adjustable air supply to the device case, and in the middle cylindrical part of the discharge pipe, made in the form of a joint of diffuser-cylinder-confuser parts, Vision broneotboynaya fixed plate. 2. Dismembrator under item 1, characterized in that the plates of the peripheral row of the grinding elements of the rotor are made flat. 3. Dismembrator under item 1, characterized in that the plates of the peripheral row of grinding elements of the rotor are located at an angle of 45 ° to the vector of the peripheral speed of the rotor. 4. Dismembrator under item 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical channel of the discharge pipe between the walls of the diffuser-confused joint and the armored end plate is equal to the cross-section area of the discharge pipe. 5. Dismembrator under item 1, characterized in that the loading nozzle is made in the form of a funnel with a branch, in which a valve is installed, made with the possibility of a smooth change in its flow area.

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