RU2250803C1 - Method of a grain material crushing and a device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: grain material crushing.

SUBSTANCE: the invention presents a method of a grain material crushing and a device for its implementation. The method of crushing of a grain material provides for loading a grain material in a loading bin, delivery of the grain material in series by regulated batches under shock actions of the hinged suspended hammers. After interaction with a hammer the crushed grain material is accelerated to a speed of 60-70 m\s and it comes down from a working pane of the hammer in a radial direction, directed into the upper forming channel and fractionized. The small-size fraction passes through a holey wall of the forming channel and under action of a centrifugal force and an air stream is directed onto a sieve, that is more spaced from the rotor, and is removed from the working chamber through the unloading device and the gain material flow down from it is formed in a smooth layer, which through a narrow aperture of the channel is again directed under the shock action of a next hammer. Then it is dropped on a row of sieves, where it is fractionated in series passing the sieves with different diameters of apertures. And each faction is removed from the working chamber by unloading channels through the corresponding unloading device. The non-crushed faction of the grain material is directed to the lower forming channel, at the outlet of which it is additionally crushed and removed in the unloading device. The device contains a body made in the form of a centrifugal fan blower elbow and with a cover, in the central part of which there is an aperture. The rotor is made in the form of two discs connected to each other by reinforcing ribs. Between the discs there are prismatic hammers with a fluted surface going in one trace. In the central part of the front wall of the rotor there is an aperture coaxial to the aperture in the cover of the body and with equal to it diameter. Inside the body there are two forming channels. One forming channel, the rear wall of which is perforated, is installed in the upper part of the body above the rotor on the course of traffic of hammers and is located so, that its rear perforated wall is located between the sieves. At that the diameter of its perforation is equal to the diameter of the apertures of the sieve, which is more spaced from the rotor. The other forming channel is located in the lower part of the body between the rotor and a sieve located just behind the rotor. The two sieves are located one after another in a radial direction with formation between them of unloading channels. The invention allows to improve quality of the crushed grain product and to reduce power inputs for its crushing.

EFFECT: the invention ensures improved quality of the crushed grain product and reduction of power inputs for the product crushing.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the grinding of grain material and can be used in animal feed, food and chemical industries.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a method of crushing grain material / Kulakovsky I.V., Kirpichnikov F.S., Reznik E.I. Machines and equipment for the preparation of feed. Directory of Part 1 - M .: Rosselkhozizdat. - S. 125 - 158 /, including loading the grain hopper, feeding grain for grinding, grinding grain due to the impact of articulated hammers, dividing the crushed material into fractions, unloading the finished product, returning the unfinished fraction to the crushing chamber.

The disadvantage of the method of grinding grain material is the low quality of the resulting crushed product that does not meet zootechnical requirements, high energy consumption of the grinding process.

The technical task of the invention is to improve the quality of the crushed grain product and reduce energy consumption for its grinding.

The technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of grinding grain material, including loading grain material into a loading hopper, feeding grain material into the working chamber of the crusher, grinding grain due to the impact of articulated suspended hammers, separating the crushed material into fractions, returning the minced fraction to the working chamber , the unloading of the finished product from the working chamber, new is that the supply of grain material under the impact of hammers is carried out sequentially, re lamented portions, and the portion size is determined by the loading capacity and the speed of the trays, after interacting with the hammer, the destroyed grain material is accelerated to a speed of 60-70 m / s and, due to centrifugal force, comes off with a fan from the working face of the hammer and goes to the upper forming channel, is divided in it into fractions, the fine fraction passes through the perforated wall of the forming channel, under the action of centrifugal force and air flow is directed to a sieve, more remote from the rotor, and vyv it is dressed from the working chamber through the unloading device, and the gathering is formed into a smooth layer, which is again sent through the narrow hole of the channel under the impact of the next hammer, and then it is discarded under the action of centrifugal force and air flow into a series of sieves, where it is divided into fractions, passing sieves in series with different diameters of the holes, and each fraction is removed from the working chamber through the discharge channels through the corresponding discharge device, the under-crushed fraction of the grain material is sent to the lower th forming channel, at the exit from which it is crushed and discharged into the unloading device.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a device for grinding grain (hammer crusher) [Patent No. 787530 of the Russian Federation, 1993], containing a housing in which a rotor with packages of hammers is installed, a rotating corrugated deck, forming a channel, a sieve, a rotary damper , loading and unloading devices, cutter.

The disadvantage of a device for grinding a grain product is the low quality of the resulting crushed product that does not meet zootechnical requirements, high energy consumption of the grinding process.

The technical task of the invention is to improve the quality of the crushed grain product and reduce energy consumption for its grinding.

In the device for grinding grain material, comprising a housing with a loading hopper and an unloading device, a rotor with pivotally suspended hammers installed in the housing, a sifting element, a drive, it is new that the housing is made in the form of a scroll of a centrifugal fan and has a lid in the central part of which a hole is made for through air supply to the working chamber, the rotor is made in the form of two disks interconnected by stiffeners, which at the same time are blades for moving air of the flow, prismatic hammers with a corrugated surface fixed along one track, fixed between the disks, in the central part of the front wall of the rotor there is also a hole for through air supply to the working chamber, a coaxial hole in the housing cover and equal in diameter to it, two forming channel, one forming channel, the rear wall of which is perforated, is installed in the upper part of the housing above the rotor in the direction of movement of the hammers and is located so that its rear perforated wall wore between the sieves, and the diameter of its perforation was equal to the diameter of the holes of the sieve, more remote from the rotor, and the other in the lower part of the housing between the rotor and the sieve located immediately behind the rotor, and the sieves are located one after another in the radial direction with the formation of unloading between them channels ending with unloading devices, and have a diameter of holes that decrease with distance from the rotor.

The technical result consists in improving the quality of the crushed product and reducing energy costs for its grinding by eliminating the circulation of the crushed product in the working chamber of the device and increasing the efficiency of the impact of hammers and feeding regulated portions of grain material to grinding.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a device for grinding grain material, figure 2 is a section along aa.

A device for grinding grain material consists of a housing 1 made in the form of a snail, a centrifugal fan with a loading nozzle 8 and unloading devices 9,10,11, a rotor is installed in the housing, made in the form of two disks 5, 16, connected by stiffeners, which are at the same time blades 13 for moving the air flow, prismatic hammers with a corrugated surface 4 fixed along one track are fixed between the disks, forming channels 6 and 7 are made inside the casing located along hammer, the forming channel 6 is installed in the upper part of the housing above the rotor and is located so that its rear perforated wall 17 is located between the sieves, and the diameter of its perforation was equal to the diameter of the sieve holes farther from the rotor, the forming channel 7 is located in the lower part housing between the rotor and the sieve located immediately after the rotor, the housing is equipped with a cover 14, in the central part of which a hole 15 for through air supply is made, in the central part of the front wall of the rotor is also made , coaxial to the hole in the cover and equal in diameter to the through air supply, sieves 2 and 3 have different hole diameters, decreasing with distance from the rotor.

The method of grinding grain material in the device is as follows.

By turning on the drive (not shown conventionally), the rotor 5 with pivotally suspended prismatic hammers and blades is set in motion, starts to rotate and move the air flow from the central hole 15 in the housing cover 14 through the hole 12 in the front wall of the rotor, through the openings of screens 2 and 3, openings forming channels 6 and 7 to the unloading devices 9,10,11.

When one of the hammers 4 approaches the loading hopper 8, the hammer is hit by a portion of the crushed material that has left the load (hammer riffles increase the impact efficiency), after interacting with the hammer, the destroyed portion of the grain material is accelerated to a speed of 60 - 70 m / s and due to centrifugal of force leaves the fan from the working face of the hammer and goes to the upper forming channel 6 located above the rotor in the direction of the movement of hammers along one track, the back wall of which is perforated, i.e. It is a sieve with a hole diameter equal to the diameter of the sieve 3 openings farther from the rotor, in the forming channel the destroyed grain material is sieved, the crushed grain material passing through the perforated wall 17 is directed to the sieve 3 by centrifugal force and air flow, and is discharged through the discharge channel and unloading device 11, and the descent is formed in it into an even layer and through a narrow lower hole is directed under the impact of the next hammer, after which the crushed grain the material is thrown to sieve 2, where the fine fraction (fine module) formed after two impacts passes through its openings, and under the action of centrifugal force and through air flow passing through the openings of forming channels 6 and 7, sieves 2 and 3 are sent to the unloading device 11. The passage through the sieve 2 and the exit from the sieve 3 are sent to the discharge device 10 (middle module). The descent from the sieve 2, that is, the under-crushed fraction of the grain material, is sent to the forming channel 7, is organized in it into an even layer, leaves it, is subjected to the next impact of one of the hammers 4 and is removed from the discharge channel through the discharge device 9 (large module) and the process repeats. The supply of grain material in sequentially regulated portions and a device for grinding it allows you to remove the already crushed grain product from the working chamber of the crusher and prevent its recirculation, which significantly improves the particle size distribution and quality of the crushed grain product.

It was experimentally established that the proposed method of grinding grain material and a device for its implementation allow the use of lower operating speeds of hammers (60-70 m / s) due to their harsh impacts on the crushed grain material supplied sequentially in batches, which reduces energy costs by 5-10%.

The portion size of the grain material captured by the hammers, the number of hammers, the distance between them, as well as the diameter of the openings of the sieve surfaces are determined by the capacity of the installation, the rotor speed and the physicomechanical properties of the crushed material.

An important role in hammer crushers when grinding grain material is played by air flow, and the shape of the casing in the form of a scroll of a centrifugal fan allows you to more fully use the air flow generated by the crusher rotor.

The proposed method of grinding grain material and installation for its implementation make it possible:

- to increase the uniformity of the particle size distribution of the crushed grain product by 30%;

- reduce the working speed of the hammers to 60 - 70 m / s;

- reduce the cost of electricity for grinding grain product by 5-10%;

- reduce hammer wear;

- improve the quality of the crushed grain product.

Claims (2)

1. A method of grinding grain material, including loading grain material into a loading hopper, feeding grain material into the working chamber of the crusher, crushing it due to the impact of pivotally suspended hammers, dividing the crushed material into fractions, returning the under-crushed fraction to the working chamber, unloading the finished product from a working chamber, characterized in that the supply of grain material under the impact of hammers is carried out sequentially, in controlled portions, and the value It is determined by the loading capacity and the speed of movement of the hammers, after interacting with the hammer, the destroyed grain material is accelerated to a speed of 60-70 m / s and, due to centrifugal force, leaves the fan from the working face of the hammer and is sent to the upper forming channel, divided into fractions, the fine fraction passes through the perforated wall of the forming channel, under the action of centrifugal force and air flow is directed to a sieve, more remote from the rotor, and is removed from the working chamber through the unloading the triad, and the gathering in it is formed into an even layer, which is again sent through the narrow hole of the channel under the impact of the next hammer, after which it is discarded under the action of centrifugal force and air flow into a series of sieves, where it is divided into fractions, successively passing sieves with different diameter holes , and each fraction is removed from the working chamber through the discharge channels through the corresponding discharge device, the under-sized fraction of grain material is sent to the lower forming channel, when leaving the cat It is crushed and discharged into the unloading device. 2. A device for grinding grain material, including a housing with a loading hopper and an unloading device, a rotor with pivotally suspended hammers installed in the housing, a screening element, a drive, characterized in that the housing is made in the form of a centrifugal fan scroll and is equipped with a lid in the central part of which a hole is made for through air supply to the working chamber, the rotor is made in the form of two disks interconnected by stiffeners, which at the same time are blades for moving air of the flow, prismatic hammers with a grooved surface fixed along one track between the disks, in the central part of the front wall of the rotor there is also a hole for through air supply to the working chamber, a coaxial hole in the housing cover and equal in diameter to it, two forming channel, one forming channel, the rear wall of which is perforated, is installed in the upper part of the housing above the rotor in the direction of movement of the hammers and is located so that its rear perforated wall dividing between sieves, and the diameter of its perforation is equal to the diameter of the holes of the sieve, more remote from the rotor, and the other in the lower part of the housing between the rotor and the sieve located immediately behind the rotor, and the sieves are located one after another in the radial direction with the formation of discharge channels between them ending with unloading devices, and have the diameter of the holes, decreasing with distance from the rotor.

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