RU2788350C1 - Shredder hammer crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: crushing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for shredding cereal crops. Proposed is a shredder hammer crusher containing a body, a loading branch pipe, an unloading branch pipe, a crushing chamber with a rotor, and a drive. The body of the crusher consists of rigidly interconnected left and right walls, as well as six circular segments with side flanges arranged circumferentially in series, forming the crushing chamber. The circular segments are made solid not including the lower one made perforated; splitters are attached to the circular segments not including the lower one, configured for the gap between the splitters and the circular segments to be adjusted, while forming shaping channels on the inner surface of the body. A rotor is installed inside the body on bearing supports, said rotor consisting of a disk with sleeves welded thereto, wherein axles with holders pivoted at the ends thereof with attached removable hammers are installed inside said sleeves.

EFFECT: higher performance reliability of the surfaces of the working bodies and effectiveness of the shredding process.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for peeling small grain products, such as amaranth, millet, kenoa, in order to extract the grain germ for subsequent oil extraction and can be used in various industries, for example, in oil and fat - for peeling oil-containing crops, in feed - for grinding grain crops.

A grain grinder and an active rotor for the grinder are known (Utility Model Patent of the Russian Federation No. 140306. В02С 4/06. Grain grinder and an active rotor for the grinder. Naimushin A.A. - Applicant FGBOU VO "Don State Technical University". 2013159161/13 - Appl. 12/30/2013; Published 05/10/2014; Bull. No. 13), which includes a passive rotor with cylindrical cavities, evenly spaced around the circumference, with the possibility of free rotation and displacement along the guide axis, and an active a rotor mounted on a shaft with a forced drive, equipped with cylindrical corrugated rollers, the torque of which is regulated by end washers mounted on the axes of the rollers with the possibility of engaging them with the cavities of the passive rotor. The chopper contains springs fixed with the help of a thrust bar that moves along the guides and adjusts their tension with screws on one side, and abuts against the guide axis of the passive rotor on the other side. Active rotor with forced drive consists of two carrier disks, rigidly connected by axes.

The disadvantage of this grinder raw material is the difficulty of centering the passive and active rotors during operation, especially under conditions of dynamic shock loads, which significantly reduces the grinding efficiency.

The closest in terms of its technical essence and the effect achieved is the grinder of bulk vegetable raw materials (RF Patent No. 2520038. В02С 13/04. Grinder of bulk vegetable raw materials. Zharkovskiy A.P., Portnov I.Yu., Petrushenkov P.A. - Applicant LLC "Electrol-B", No. 2011144324/13, Application No. 01.11.2011; Published 06.20.2014; Bull. No. 17), containing a crushing chamber with a feed funnel, a rotor with hammers and a sieve placed in the crushing chamber with the possibility continuous decrease in the course of rotation of the rotor of the radial gap between it and the hammers of the rotor. In this case, the sieve is made of a uniform thickness of a spiral shape, and the rotor hammers are made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid. Knife sharpenings are made on the sides of the hammers.

A significant disadvantage of this grinder of bulk vegetable raw materials is the difficulty of changeover when switching from one grain material to another (i.e. with different particle size distribution), the design of the rotor does not allow you to adjust its position, which limits the versatility and increases the wear of its working surfaces.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed grinder is a hammer crusher (SU No. 1604466 A1, IPC B02C 13/04, 13/284, 1989), which implements a method consisting in grinding bulk raw materials due to impact operations, abrasion and crushing of raw materials in the gap between the ends of the hammers and the sieve.

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient (poor-quality) grinding of raw materials due to the insufficient number of operations of the impact of grinding bodies on the material, as well as due to the technologically complex manufacture of a sieve with a variable thickness around its circumference and, as a result, clogging of its passage section.

The closest technical solution to the claimed design of the grinder device and taken as a prototype is a hammer crusher (SU No. 1604466 A1, IPC B02C 13/04, 13/284, 1989), including a crushing chamber with a loading neck, a rotor with hammers and a sieve placed in crushing chamber so that the radial gap between it and the hammers of the rotor continuously decreases in the course of rotation of the rotor, and the thickness of the sieve increases accordingly.

The disadvantage of this crusher is the structural complexity of making a sieve with a change in thickness along its circumference, as well as clogging of its flow area due to the long paths of the crushed raw material (material) in the zone of large thickness of the sieve, leading to an unstable particle size distribution of the crushed raw materials.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the wear resistance, reliability and maintainability of the surfaces of the working bodies, increase the efficiency of the grinding process by adjusting the gap between the working surfaces of the cutters and circular segments, stable maintenance of the specified dispersion of the crushed material.

The technical result, to which the present invention is directed, is to create a highly efficient grinder with a simultaneous increase in manufacturability and expansion of functionality by adjusting the gap between the working surfaces of the cutters and circular segments, designed for high-quality dispersion of plant materials with different physical and mechanical properties and stable granulometric the composition of the resulting crushed material.

The task is achieved by the fact that in a hammer mill for grain material containing a housing, a loading pipe, an unloading pipe, a crushing chamber with a rotor and a drive, the novelty is that the crusher body consists of rigidly interconnected left and right walls , six circular segments sequentially arranged around the circumference with side flanges forming a crushing chamber, the circular segments are made solid, with the exception of the lower one, which is made perforated, cutters are attached to the circular segments, with the exception of the lower one, installed with the possibility of adjusting the gap between the cutters and circular segments, at the same time forming forming channels on the inner surface of the housing, inside the housing a rotor is mounted on bearing supports, consisting of a disk with bushings welded to it, inside of which axles are installed, at the ends of which holders with attached removable hammers are pivotally mounted.

In FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional image of the body of a hammer crusher-grinder for grain material (without a rotor, right side view); in fig. 2 - three-dimensional image of the body of a hammer crusher-grinder (without a rotor, left view); in fig. 3 - three-dimensional image of the rotor of a hammer crusher-grinder for grain material; in fig. 4 - cross-section of the attachment of hammers to the rotor disk of a hammer crusher-grinder for grain material; in fig. 5 - three-dimensional image of a hammer mill-grinder for grain material (right view); in fig. 6 - three-dimensional image of a hammer mill-grinder for grain material (left view); in fig. 7 - three-dimensional image of the mechanism for regulating the cutter of a hammer crusher-grinder for grain material.

Hammer crusher-grinder for grain material consists of a body 1 mounted on a frame 2. The body 1 of the crusher-grinder includes left and right walls 3 rigidly interconnected (welded), six circular segments 4 with side flanges 5, which form a chamber crushing (Fig. 1). In the upper part of the crushing chamber, a loading pipe 6 with an adjustable drive is welded, and in the lower part there is an unloading pipe for unloading 7. All circular segments 4 are solid except for one - the lowest circular segment 8 is made perforated (sieve).

To the first three (starting from the loading pipe 6, clockwise) circular segments 4 are attached cutters 9, mounted with the possibility of movement to control the gap and forming with circular segments 4 forming channels 10 on the inner surface of the housing (Fig. 1). The shape of the bend cutters 9 provides the best capture of the particles of the crushed material (Fig. 1). The choice of shape, the length of the cutters 9 will be determined by the particle size distribution, structural-mechanical and physico-chemical properties of the particles of the crushed material.

On the lowest perforated (sieve) circular segment 8, there is no cutter 9. On subsequent circular segments 4, cutters 9 are also installed.

On the right side of the crusher-grinder for grain material, a door 12 is installed (Fig. 5) to provide access to the inside of the crushing chamber for repair and maintenance, cleaning, washing, etc.

Inside the hammer mill for grain material, its main working body is installed on bearing supports - the rotor 13 (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3), which consists of a disk 14 with bushings 15 evenly welded to it around the circumference. Axes 16 are installed inside the bushings 15 , at the ends of which holders 17 are hinged, to which removable hammers 18 are rigidly attached with the help of bolts 20 (Fig. 4). Rotation to the rotor 13 is transmitted from the electric motor 19 mounted on the frame 2 (Fig. 5), by means of a belt drive, closed by a protective fence 21 (Fig. 6).

On the left wall 3 of the housing of the crusher-grinder for grain material, regulators 22 of the position of the cutters 9 (Fig. 6) are installed around the circumference to set the required gap between the cutters 9 and the inner surface of the circular segments 4, which changes along the grinding process.

The regulators 22 of the position of the cutters 9 include a fork 11, an adjusting bolt 23, a handle 24, an axle 25, a locknut 26, a clamping bolt 27 (Fig. 7). When the handle 24 is rotated with the locknuts 26 unscrewed, the adjusting bolt 23, pivotally connected to the fork 11, moves the cutter 9 located on the axis 25: either down, reducing the gap between the cutters 9 and the inner surface of the circular segments 4, or up, thereby increasing the gap between cutters 9 and the inner surface of the circular segments 4. After setting the specified clearance using the locknuts 26, the position of the cutter 9 is rigidly fixed by the clamping bolt 27.

Hammer crusher-grinder for grain material works as follows.

First, we open the door 12, by turning the knob 24 with the lock nuts 26 unscrewed, we set the required (set) gap in the forming channels 10 between the cutter 9 and the inner surface of the circular segments 4. After setting the specified gap, the position of the adjusting bolt 23 is fixed using the lock nuts 26, and the position of the cutter 9 on the axis 25 is rigidly fixed with a clamping bolt 27. Then the door 11 is closed and the electric motor 19 is turned on, which, using a belt drive, drives the rotor 13. branch pipe 6 and enters the crushing chamber into the gap between the hammers 18 of the rotating rotor 13 and the cutters 9, falling under the impact of the hinged hammers 18 mounted on the disk 14.

After interacting with the hammer 18, the destroyed grain material accelerates to a speed of 60 ... , falling under the impact again. The particles that have flown away from the hammers 18 are collected in the next forming channel 10, are again removed in an even layer from it, going under impact, etc.

Thus, the crushed material is subjected to alternating shock-grinding effects of hammers 18 and controlled, smooth movement in the forming channels 10 between cutters 9 and circular segments 4 through adjustable gaps, which makes it possible to optimize the amount of energy consumption for grinding and achieve effective classification according to the dispersion of the already crushed product.

After passing through the sieve sector 8, the material crushed to the desired dispersion is ejected under the influence of the fan effect into the discharge pipe 7, and the incompletely ground fraction is returned to the crushing chamber, where it is subjected to impact.

The offered hammer crusher-grinder for grain material has the following advantages:

- increase in wear resistance, reliability of operation and maintainability of the working surfaces of cutters and circular segments due to the smooth movement of the crushed material in the forming channels;

- regulation of the gap between the working surfaces of the cutters and circular segments in the forming channels due to the movement of the cutters ensures stable maintenance of the specified degree of dispersion of the crushed material;

- increasing the efficiency of the grinding process due to minimizing the impact of hammers on the crushed material due to its movement in the forming channels.

Claims (1)

Hammer crusher-grinder for grain material, containing a body, a loading pipe, an unloading pipe, a crushing chamber with a rotor and a drive, characterized in that the crusher body consists of left and right walls rigidly connected to each other, six circular segments sequentially arranged along the circumference with side the flanges forming the crushing chamber, the circular segments are made solid, with the exception of the lower one, which is made perforated, cutters are attached to the circular segments, with the exception of the lower one, installed with the possibility of adjusting the gap between the cutters and the circular segments, while forming forming channels on the inner surface of the body, Inside the housing, on bearing supports, a rotor is installed, consisting of a disk with bushings welded to it, inside which axles are installed, at the ends of which holders with attached removable hammers are pivotally mounted.

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