UA76078C2 - CONSTRUCTION û FISH-PASS - Google Patents

Abstract

The inventive fish-passing facility comprises blocks which are arranged across a stream, offset with respect to each other along said stream and form side holes in fish channels by the side faces thereof. Fish-resting chambers disposed across the stream and connected to each other are arranged in a stepped manner before and below said channels between the next blocks of the facility and submerged above the bottoms thereof at the same level as thelevel of side holes between the next blocks. Said facility is embodied in such a way that it is possible to arrange the fish pass channels and the fish-resting chambers in a staggered order.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to hydrotechnical construction and can be used for the passage of fish on 2 artificial or natural channel differences.

A well-known fish passage structure is in the form of a pond fish passage, which consists of a trough channel with a stepped bottom for the passage of fish and separate pond pools for their recreation. (Hydrotechnical structures.

G.V. Zheleznov and others - Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1983, -543p. (designer's reference book). P. 458, fig. 18.2 1

The disadvantage of such a structure is the difficulty of regulating the necessary regime of water flow in the trays for the passage of 70 different species of fish, as well as the large length of the structure and its capital intensity.

The structure closest to the proposed fishway structure is a structure that consists of blocks installed across the stream and shifted along the stream relative to each other, forming lateral openings above the bottom with their inclined faces between the entrance and exit sections of its passage corridors, along which from the lower in the upper beef is provided for the passage of fish. (Aut. svid. USSR, Mo1247444, Cl. E0283/06, 19861. 19 The disadvantage of this structure as a fish passage is that at low levels of water flow in the channel, the passage capacity of fish and especially its low-speed rocks through the structure is significantly reduced due to heavy wear by its jets of the flow that comes out of the unflooded passage corridors into the lower bay.

In addition, the absence of such a structure of chambers with a slow-moving, and especially in its bottom part, volume of water flow in front of the corridors in the lower bay, on the one hand, does not provide the necessary rest for the fish before its passage in the regime of jerky speeds upwards due to rapid changes in the flow on the structure, and on the other hand, it does not allow the fish to replenish their energy reserves for further migration, which occurs due to feeding the fish in the chambers with microorganisms and other natural products that accumulate on their bottom.

The invention is based on the task of improving the fish-moving properties of the structure, with the simultaneous expansion of its functional capabilities. Gee)

The given task is solved by the fact that in front of the corridors on the lower side of the structure, separate, across the stream, and interconnected chambers for resting fish are arranged, which are placed with a ledge below these corridors between the next blocks of the structure and are flooded above their bottom at the same level with by side openings adjacent to the cameras, which are located downstream of the cameras between the next blocks. co

Fig. 1 shows the proposed structure, side view along A-A; - in Fig. 2 - the same, plan view; in Fig. 3 - the same, with the arrangement of the cameras and the corridors connected to them in a checkerboard pattern across the stream, a side view along B-B; Ge) in Fig. 4 - the same, plan view; 325 in Fig. 5 - the same, view in axonometry, when making a fish passage with a multi-step structure; - in Fig. 6 - the same, when the blocks are hollow; in Fig. 7 - the same, when filling voids in blocks and arranging corridors and chambers with stone.

The structure-fishway consists of blocks 2 installed across the flow 1 and shifted along the flow one relative to the other "blocks, which form lateral openings 4 of passage corridors 5 with inclined sides C, behind which separate chambers are arranged on the side C of the lower buffet (NB) and below them 6, which are placed between the next blocks 7 of the structure and c are flooded above the bottom of the corridors 5 at the same level as the adjacent side openings 8. c" The declared structure-fishway works as follows.

The flow 1, passing by the shifted blocks 2, flows in the form of oncoming jets through the side openings 4 formed by the inclined faces of the blocks into the passage corridors 5, where it enters the chambers 6, which are formed between the next 49 blocks 7 of the structure and flows further through the side openings 8, which adjacent to the chambers 6 between the blocks 7 in and the lower beef, which provides a uniform and orderly regime for the rolling migration of fish through

Ge") construction-fishway from the upper to the lower bief for its grazing.

The migration of fish through the structure-fishway from the lower to the upper bif (VB), for example for its spawning, is ensured by the fact that the fish passes through the side openings 8, which are formed between the blocks 7 on the first, from the side 20 of the lower bif efu, overflows and freely enters the chambers 6 adjacent and open to the holes 8, where it rests and replenishes its energy supply. Since the chambers themselves are openly connected to each other across the stream, they also ensure the natural grouping of fish by species and degree of maturity, with the simultaneous search for each of the categories of fish for the conditions most acceptable to them for further passage through the next drop in the structure, which is provided by two-way counterflow from it water in the corridors. As a result of the fact that the chambers 29 in are flooded by the flow above the bottom of the corridors 5 and at the same level, water support is achieved in these corridors and a sharp

HF) decrease in the flow rate in them. At the same time, the fish freely passes from the chambers 6 to the corridors 5, and in the corridors themselves the most favorable starting conditions are created for the next jerky passage of the fish, against the current, about the drop in the structure through the holes 4 between the blocks 2, Fig. 1, 2.

This design of the structure is especially valuable in unregulated channels, in foothills and mountainous areas, as well as in cases of changes in the migratory regime of fish caused, for example, by unforeseen floods, moving through an ice channel, since the structure in any case provides constant conditions for fish passage without additional intervention in her work At the same time, the fish channel itself is the closest to the environment with natural gradients and slowed water flow zones in the channel and can be arranged directly in it with the smallest adjustment of its existing state. for In order to improve the fish-moving properties of the structure and especially in difficult conditions of operation, the chambers 6 and the corridors 5 connected to them are located relative to each other in a checkerboard pattern across the stream, Fig. 3, 4.

The arrangement of the structure in this version makes it possible to significantly reduce the mobility of water in chambers 6 and thereby improve the conditions for fish to rest at high flow rates in the fish passage, since the flow flowing from corridors 5 goes to blocks 7, where it first repays its energy, and only then spreads to the sides and enters chambers 6 in the form of oncoming jets across the flow. At the same time, the oncoming jets themselves additionally in these chambers mutually inhibit each other.

In addition, such implementation of the fish channel is appropriate when the period of passage of fish through the structure coincides with the period of passage of ice or slush through it, which in this case, in transit, wake up away from the 7/o chambers, without injuring and destroying the fish in them.

Along with this, the displacement of the chambers relative to the corridors across the stream, when the chambers 6 are located, upstream, in the cross section of the blocks 2 close to them, ensures the self-cleaning of these chambers from sediments and especially their large fractions, since when the blocks are significantly flooded and a large volume is poured through them In the reservoir of water, the high-speed downward jets of the stream, which descend along the inclined faces of these blocks, wash out the sediments accumulated in them from the chambers and carry them further into the lower bief of the building. Such a situation is characteristic during the decline of the flood peak, when high water levels are still maintained in the channel and flow speed parameters are preserved, but there is no movement of solid runoff in it.

In addition, it should be noted that the corridors between the blocks can be fixed with protective elements 9, for example, slabs, gabions, stone, and others, and the structure itself can be made in the form of a multi-step continuous, Fig. 5, or with intermediate basins of the drop, installed from the same type of blocks, in which among hollow bodies, Fig. 7, which can be filled with aggregate, for example, stone, Fig. 7, is quickly mounted and unpretentious to the conditions of its use.

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention with 6) 1. A fish passage structure, which consists of blocks installed across the stream and shifted along the stream relative to each other, forming side openings with inclined faces in the passage corridors for fish, which is distinguished by the fact that in front of the corridors, separate chambers are arranged across the stream and connected to each other fish rest areas, which are located below these corridors between the next blocks of the structure and are flooded above their bottom at the same level as the side openings adjacent to the cameras. in. 2. A structure-fish tank according to claim 1, which differs in that the chambers and the corridors connected to them are located one against the other in a checkerboard pattern across the stream. (Se) and - - . and? -i (o) («c) -i IR e) ime) 60 b5