UA55117A - Disk root and tuber digger - Google Patents

Abstract

A disk root and tuber digger comprises a post, a drive reducer, active and passive disks. In each of the disks the central part and the rim have the form of flat parallel rings, connected to each other with curvilinear surface in the form of a spherical belt. The ratio of the difference of the contour and the least radii of the disk rim to the height of its spherical belts is equal to 3... 4.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to working bodies for harvesting 2 root and tuber crops, and can be used both in root and tuber harvesting machines and in various trailing devices for farms.

Known devices for digging root crops, which consist of diggers, each of which has active and passive discs. These disks are installed with camber in the horizontal and vertical planes, while the active disk has a drive mechanism for rotation (see, for example, a.s. Mo163459, USSR, M. cl. AO1D25/04, 1963).

The disadvantage of these devices is the insufficient degree of compression of the selected soil layer together with the root crops placed in it, since in these conical diggers only the cutting of the soil layer takes place, which is compressed only due to the narrowing of the extraction bed of the conical diggers - both active and passive.

Of the known devices for digging roots and tubers, the closest in terms of its technological essence is 19. "Digger for root crops", described in A.S. Mo1130221, USSR, M. cl. AOTD 04/25, 1983 - prototype. This device also consists of discs of active and passive types installed with camber in the planes.

The disadvantage of the well-known disk digger is also a slight degree of compression of the cut soil layer, which is activated only due to the concave-convex protrusions on the cross sections of the spokes of the digger. That is, the cut out layer of soil with the root crops placed in it is only cut out with disc diggers, which have the shape of a truncated cone. Active elimination of the internal connections of the soil with the root crop occurs only in the narrowest part of the squeezing channel, which causes the diggers to be frequently clogged with root mass and soil parts. This happens especially often when diggers work on dry or wet soils.

The basis of the invention is the task of increasing the degree of compression of the soil layer with root crops separated by the cavities of disk diggers by performing a compression channel in the form of two 29 flat-parallel plates, which ensure significant destruction of both intra-soil connections and "connections of the root crop with the soil." These factors mainly determine the parameters of the efficiency of digging and separating root crops of a disk digger or the entire root harvesting device.

The specified task is achieved by the fact that in the disc digger, which contains a rack, a drive reducer, active and passive discs, the new thing is that the central part of each of the digger discs - the hub and the outer part - - the rim have the form of flat-parallel rings, with interconnected by a curved surface in the form of a spherical belt. In addition, in order to ensure the relationship between the parameters of disc diggers, the ratio of the difference between the outline and smaller radii of the disc rim to the height of its spherical belt is equal to 3...4. --

The pictures show a disk digger for root crops. So, Fig. 1 shows a side view of a disk digger; in Fig. 2 - a front view along the axis of a row of root and tuber crops (discs are shown in a 3o simplified form); Fig. 3 shows a digger disk with a spacer of the diameters of flat-parallel rings; Fig. 4 shows a side view of a disk that has windows in the zone of the spherical belt.

The digger for root crops consists of a rack 1, on which, with the help of bearing assemblies 2 and a drive gearbox C, two disks of a special shape 4 are installed due to bolts 5. One of the disks, which is driven in rotation by the drive of the gearbox Z, is active, and the other disk is passive. Both disks are oriented with camber C relative to the digger stand 1, so the plane-parallel rings of both disks occupy a common position relative to the plane of the field (in Fig. 2, the position of both disks is shown in a simplified manner). z» Each of the digger disks structurally consists of two plane-parallel rings: the inner ring - mother 6 and the outer ring - rim 7 (Figs. 3, 4), connected to each other by a curved surface in the form of a spherical belt 8, which contains a row of radially placed windows 9 for separating the soil from the selected layer with root crops (Fig. 3, 4). i-th Disc digger for root vegetables works as follows. In the working position, active and 4! passive disks are deepened along the axis of the row of root crops into the pound layer with their rims, which have the form of flat-parallel rings, to a depth of B (Fig. 4), which is approximately equal to the height of the rim of the disk. The height of the rim, as is known, is defined as the difference in the radii of the larger plane-parallel ring. At the same time, the soil layer separated by rims - 20 discs in the channel between the discs is compressed. In addition, this channel is constantly narrowing, increasing the destruction of internal connections in the soil and connections between the soil and root crops. The action of compression increases even more, because the active disk has a greater angular speed of rotation due to the drive, and the passive disk rolls freely in the ground. That is, active and passive discs, in addition to the process of compressing the cut soil layer, having different angular speeds, also operate with the process of grinding the compressed soil layer. Such an additional action improves the process of liquidation of the internal relationships between the soil and the root crop, which, in turn, contributes to the separation of the soil in and cleaning root crops.

The process of pinching and compressing the cut layer occurs only at the height B of the disk sinking into the soil, which is then poured into the windows 8, since the resulting force of the plane-parallel rings, which are placed with a camber relative to the rack and the axis of the row, is directed upwards - in the direction of the transport and cleaning devices because the ratio of the difference between the larger and smaller radii of the rim to the height of the spherical belt B, which is equal to 3...4, allows you to ensure optimal separation of the soil through the windows 9 and not retain it in the middle part of the spherical belt 8.

The resulting effect of the compression process, which is directed upwards, will contribute to the extraction of root crops in the bed of the discs and further transport of root crops to the transport and cleaning device or in rolls to the surface of the field.

The use of the proposed disk digger in devices for digging root and tuber crops will significantly (by 15...2090) increase the technical and technological reliability of the disk digger due to the improvement of the process of soil separation and cleaning of root crops.

The estimated annual economic effect for one root harvesting machine using a disk digger, which is claimed, is 1.4 thousand hryvnias. It consists of the effect of improving the root crop separation process, which contributes to increasing the technical reliability of both the disk digger itself and the entire root tuber harvesting machine.

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention 1. A disk digger for root and tuber crops, containing a rack, a drive reducer, active and passive disks, which differs in that each of the disks has a central part and a rim in the form of /5 P-plane-parallel rings connected to each other by a curved surface in the form of a spherical belt . 2. A disk digger according to claim 1, which differs in that the ratio of the difference between the outline and smaller radii of the disk rim to the height of its spherical belt is 3...4. " in "- "- IF) Is) - and? 1 1 - - 70 that 60 b5