UA23234U - Multi-layer building block - Google Patents

Abstract

Multi-layer building block has at least one bearing layer and one heat-insulation layer, end lock joints. Bearing layer is placed between two heat-insulation layers, at side surfaces of each heat-insulation layer at all height vertical grooves are placed, those are arranged in such way that distance between inner walls of groove is larger than distance between its ends at least at one of straight lines parallel to line of distance between ends. Vertical grooves placed at inner side surfaces of both heat-insulation layers are filled with material of bearing layer. Grooves at outer side surfaces of both heat-insulation layers are filled with material of plaster layers that are placed at both sides of outer side surfaces of heat-insulation layers.

Description

Description of the invention

The useful model belongs to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of the walls of residential 2 buildings, public buildings and buildings of various purposes of the block type.

Now in construction, the use of building blocks for laying walls is widespread, in which the problem of increasing the strength of the structure and improving the thermal insulation qualities of the wall is solved in one way or another.

For example, patents KO MoMo 2024706; 2074934; 2076181; 2114959; 2126874; 2131501; 2191873). Yes, (in the patent

KY Mo2126874| a three-layer building block is proposed, which contains bearing layers with 710 cavities located on the sides and a heat-insulating layer located between the bearing layers, and a connection element between the bearing and heat-insulating layers, which to some extent provides an increase in the strength of the three-layer block.

However, the construction of connections made of wooden material does not provide sufficient strength, and metal connections cause the appearance of cold bridges, which reduces the thermal insulation properties of the building. Therefore, such a design does not provide simultaneous obtaining of high strength and heat preservation. 12 The closest to the proposed solution is a multilayer building block | patent KO Mo2024706

SI, Е0О4С1/00, publ. 15.12.1994), containing at least one supporting layer and one heat-insulating layer and end lock connections. In such a block, the heat-insulating layer is located in trapezoidal cavities made in the supporting layer of the block, which covers the heat-insulating layer on both vertical sides and on one of the horizontal sides. End lock joints are made in the form of grooves and protrusions on the ends of the bearing layer.

This design does not provide sufficiently high thermal properties of the block, because the heat-insulating layer. does not form a solid thermal insulation layer. In the event that materials such as plaster or low-grade concrete are used for thermal insulation, the thermal insulation properties are reduced, and if such inexpensive and more suitable materials such as polystyrene foam and others are used for thermal insulation in this design, the strength of the block is significantly reduced. In addition, the lock 22 connections made on the ends of the bearing layer do not ensure the exact fit of the block when laying the wall. After all, during the production process, roughness, hardened irregularities may appear on the contact surfaces of the protrusions and grooves, which prevent the block from fitting correctly.

The basis of the proposed solution is the task of creating a structure of a multilayer building block, which is most suitable for the construction of the external walls of the building and is characterized by low cost and high thermal insulation properties while maintaining high strength due to the creation of interpenetrating and capable of withstanding large loads connections between the layers.

The problem is solved by the fact that in a multi-layered building block containing at least one s bearing layer and one thermal insulation layer, end lock joints, according to the proposed solution, the bearing s layer is located between two thermal insulation layers, on the side surfaces of each thermal insulation 3o layer along their entire height, there are vertical grooves made in such a way that the distance between the inner walls of the groove is greater than the distance between its edges on at least one of the straight lines parallel to the line of the distance between the edges, and the vertical grooves located on the inner side surfaces of both heat-insulating layers, are filled with the material of the bearing layer, and the grooves on the outer side surfaces of both heat-insulating layers are filled with the material of the plaster layers, which are located on both sides of the outer Z side surfaces of the heat-insulating layers. c Vertical grooves on the side surfaces of heat-insulating layers in a cross-section may have the appearance of a circular segment larger than half a circle.

Lock joints are located along the perimeter on all end surfaces of the heat-insulating layers of the building block and are made in the form of grooves and protrusions, and the configuration of the grooves repeats the configuration of the corresponding protrusions. o All end surfaces along the perimeter of the bearing layer and plaster layers are serrated. co In the central part of the horizontal end surfaces of the bearing layer of the block, rectangular grooves can be located. o In the proposed design, the thermal insulation layers cover the supporting layer on both sides, creating a continuous so 20 thermal insulation of the wall. This solution excludes the occurrence of cold bridges in the wall, since the thermal insulation layers can be made of inexpensive plastic materials with good thermal insulation

T" properties. The construction of the block does not lose its high strength characteristics due to the fact that stiffening ribs are formed in the vertical grooves both on the side of the load-bearing and on the side of the plaster layers. The same stiffeners form interpenetrating bonds that ensure effective connection of all layers in the 29 multilayer block and contribute to additional strength. In addition, the proposed multi-layered construction, including the layer connection system, allows you to change, if necessary, the composition of the main bearing layer, which can be made of concrete, foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, adobe and other mixtures, and if necessary (at elevated requirements for seismic resistance) can be supplied with a vertical and horizontal reinforcing frame. In this way, the range of application of the proposed 60 blocks is expanded and there is an opportunity to influence the cost of the block. The proposed implementation of lock joints in a heat-insulating polystyrene layer allows for high-precision installation of blocks in the wall due to the technological possibilities of accurate execution of grooves and protrusions and the possibility of their correction in a soft heat-insulating layer, and the serrated shape of the end surfaces of the bearing and plaster layers ensures a strong connection of blocks during laying due to the formation of interpenetrating connections. because the building block of this design is the most suitable for the construction of external walls, which have high requirements for strength, earthquake resistance and heat preservation.

The proposed design of the building block can be used for the development and implementation of the "People's House" construction technology, the main requirements and principles of which include the following: 1. Simplicity of construction and assembly work, the ability to perform basic work for people without special education. 2. The possibility of using a wide range of building mixtures in the work of building material.

Z. A significant reduction in the cost of construction works compared to traditional forms of construction. 70 4. Ensuring the possibility of erecting luxury-class buildings and structures: earthquake-resistant, with good heat and sound insulation, increased fire safety. 5. Reducing the time of construction and assembly work and excluding the use of expensive machines and mechanisms. 6. Solving the problem of energy saving during construction at a qualitatively new level.

All of the listed requirements are successfully solved in the proposed construction of a multi-layer building /5 block.

The proposed construction is explained by the drawings.

Fig. 1-5 shows the design of the proposed building block.

Figure 1 shows the design of the heat-insulating layer.

Fig. 2 shows a thermal insulation layer with a plaster layer applied to it.

Figure 3 shows the design of the proposed block.

Figure 4 shows the construction of the proposed block in section.

Fig. 5 shows options for using the proposed block for walls with increased seismic resistance.

The proposed building block contains one bearing layer 1, two heat-insulating layers 2, which cover the bearing layer 1 on both sides, and two plaster layers 3, located on both sides of the heat-insulating layers 2.

Thermal insulation layers 2 are mainly made of polystyrene. Vertical grooves 5, 6 are located on their side surfaces 4. Grooves 5, 6 in cross-section have the appearance of a circular segment, more than half a circle. t

The grooves 5, 6 in the cross section can have the shape of any geometric figure, for example, a hexagon (not shown in the drawings). With any form of grooves 5, 6, they are made in such a way that the distance between the inner walls of the groove is greater than the distance between its edges on at least one of the straight lines parallel to "g

From the distance line between the edges. The vertical grooves 5 are filled with the material of the bearing layer 1, and the vertical grooves 6 are filled with the material of the plaster layers 3. Along the perimeter, on all end surfaces of the heat-insulating layers o 2, there are locking joints made in the form of grooves 7 and protrusions 8. All end surfaces 9 and 10 c of the bearing layer 1 and the plaster layers C are respectively made with serrations. To increase the strength, according to one of the options, in the central part of the horizontal end surface of the bearing layer 1 of the block, rectangular grooves 11 (item 4 of the formula of the useful model) can be located, which are filled with mortar directly at the construction site. In the case when the blocks are manufactured for buildings with a requirement for increased seismic resistance, a horizontal reinforcing frame 12 can be inserted into the rectangular grooves 11 (Fig. 5). In addition, to increase seismic resistance, a vertical reinforcing frame 13 (Fig. 5) can be mounted in the central part of the bearing layer 1 of the vertical row composed of the proposed blocks. "

The proposed block is made as follows. in c First, two polystyrene layers 2 are made, on the side surfaces of which vertical grooves 5, 6 are made, and on all end surfaces, grooves 7 and projections 8 are made in advance. Grooves 7 and projections 8;" are formed simultaneously with the formation of polystyrene layers 2 in special molds. Grooves 5, 6 are also formed in these molds. On the vibrating table, on the outer side surfaces 4 of both heat-insulating layers 2

Plaster layers 3 are applied. At the same time, all grooves 6 are filled with the material of plaster layers 3, which can

It should be a sand-cement or other plaster mixture. As a result of this filling, stiffening ribs are formed in the grooves 6, which strengthen the plaster layer 3. The proposed shape of the grooves ensures the retention of the plaster solution in the grooves after it hardens. At the same time, a reliable binding of plaster layers C to heat-insulating layers 2 is ensured. Covering in factory conditions with a plaster layer Z of heat-insulating layers 2 in the future during the construction of buildings allows you to avoid expensive and time-consuming plastering work. For the further formation of the block, take two prepared elements, which consist of a heat-insulating layer 2 with an applied plaster layer 3, and install them in a special tooling form.

The design of the tooling mold ensures the formation of toothed end surfaces 9 and, if necessary, rectangular grooves 11 when pouring the bearing layer 1. Such mixtures as concrete, foam concrete, adobe, expanded clay concrete and others can be used to form the bearing layer 1. The possibility of using inexpensive wall materials can significantly affect the cost of the blocks. After pouring the bearing layer 1, the building blocks are subjected to atmospheric drying. The presence of lock joints of a special design (grooves 7 and protrusions 8) ensures the coupling of the surfaces that come into contact and the landing of the blocks in the structurally specified positioning in the vertical and horizontal planes. This allows people who do not have a special construction education to install walls. In this way, the main task of the "people's house" construction technology is solved - the direct participation of everyone who wants to in the construction.

To increase the strength of the block, rectangular grooves 11 are provided, into which construction mortar is poured during construction to form a connecting "belt" around the perimeter of each block. In the case of requirement 65 of increased seismic resistance, reinforcing frames 12 are inserted into the grooves and fixed with mortar. In addition, the proposed design allows introducing a vertical reinforcing frame 13 (Fig. 5) into the bearing layer of the entire vertical row of blocks. To do this, part of the blocks that form a vertical row in the wall are mounted in the wall structure without a bearing layer 1, then a vertical reinforcing frame 13 is inserted into the formed hole and the bearing layers of the entire row are filled with construction mixture right on the construction site. Blocks with a vertical frame

They alternate in the wall with simple blocks, their number depends on the requirements set during construction.

The multi-layer block made in this way is suitable for the construction of external load-bearing walls and can be used for internal partition walls if necessary (for example, in case of requirements for increased strength of the structure).

The use of the proposed solution for the production of multi-layer building blocks completely 7/0 Solves the task of quickly building inexpensive and high-quality houses that meet all the requirements of modern construction.

Claims (5)

The formula of the invention и, и, о, и, ДОш 1. A multi-layer building block containing at least one bearing layer and one heat-insulating layer, end-lock joints, which is characterized by the fact that the bearing layer is located between two heat-insulating layers, vertical grooves are located on the side surfaces of each heat-insulating layer along their entire height, made in such a way that the distance between the inner walls of the groove is greater than the distance between its edges on at least one of the straight lines parallel to the line of the distance between the edges, and the vertical grooves located on the inner side surfaces of both heat-insulating layers are filled with the material of the bearing layer, and the grooves on the outer side surfaces of both heat-insulating layers are filled with the material of the plaster layers, which are located on both sides of the outer side surfaces of the heat-insulating layers. 2. A multilayer building block according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the vertical grooves on the side surfaces of the heat-insulating layers in the cross-section have the appearance of a circular segment larger than half a circle. - C. A multilayer building block according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the locking joints are located along the perimeter on all end surfaces of the heat-insulating layers of the building block and are made in the form of grooves and protrusions, and the configuration and internal dimensions of the grooves repeat the configuration and external dimensions "t from performances corresponding to these slots. 4. Multi-layer building block according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that all end surfaces along the perimeter of the bearing layer and plaster layers are toothed. high school 5. A multilayer building block according to claim 71, which is characterized by the fact that rectangular grooves are located in the central part of the horizontal end surface of the bearing layer of the block. with the village - . and? name) (95) name) (95) c» 60 b5