UA14855U - Boiler-utilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The boiler-utilizer has branch pipe for smoke gas supply, branch pipe for smoke gas discharge, reactor, this is equipped with cyclone combustion chamber, it includes burner unit, and branch pipe for smoke gas supply comes to it in tangent position; system for heat utilization, this has heat exchange surfaces and is connected to the reactor and the branch pipe for smoke gas discharge. The boiler-utilizer is equipped with system for smoke gases enrichment with fuel and air, this is connected to the branch pipe of smoke gases supply; reactor has additionally at least one cyclone combustion chamber and is equipped with chamber of afterburning, this is connected to the cyclone combustion chambersand forms the working volume of the reactor together with those.

Description

Description of the invention

The recovery boiler is designed for neutralization and utilization of the heat of flue gases and can be used 2 in coke-chemical, metallurgical, chemical and other industries.

A known recovery boiler, which contains a flue gas supply pipe, a flue gas discharge pipe, a reactor that includes a burner device, a heat recovery system that includes heat exchange surfaces, see author witness USSR Mo1572145, IPC E2281/18, publ. 27.12.95

The disadvantage of the well-known recovery boiler is the low degree of cleaning of flue gases, which leads to the sticking of 70 resinous and carbonaceous impurities on the heat exchange surfaces. The well-known heat recovery boiler does not allow the impurities contained in the flue gases to be completely burnt, which reduces the efficiency of the heat exchange surfaces.

A well-known recovery boiler, selected as a prototype, which contains a flue gas supply pipe, a flue gas outlet pipe, a reactor supplied with a cyclonic combustion chamber, which includes a burner device and to which the flue gas supply pipe is tangentially adjacent, a heat recovery system that includes 72 heat exchangers surface and connected to the reactor and flue gas outlet | see author witness USSR

Mo1188454, IPC E2307/06, publ. 30.10.85). The heat recovery system includes a radiation heat exchanger, which is adjacent to the combustion chamber, as well as a convective heat exchanger.

The disadvantage of the well-known recovery boiler is the low degree of flue gas purification, which is due to the fact that the radiation heat exchanger is adjacent to the combustion chamber, which leads to a sharp drop in temperature at the exit from the reactor, and also leads to intensive sticking of tarry and carbon impurities on the heat exchanger surface of the radiative and convective heat exchangers. Also, the drawback of the heat recovery boiler is the low efficiency of mixing the combustible components contained in the flue gases with air and fuel, which are supplied through the burner device to the reactor, which, in turn, leads to an unstable temperature field and incomplete combustion of impurities contained in flue gases. The presence of unburned impurities in the flue gases leads to an insufficient degree of neutralization of the flue gases, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to contamination of the heat exchange surfaces of radiative and convective heat exchangers with resins and carbon particles that form deposits on the heat exchange surfaces , which leads to a low degree of heat utilization and a decrease in the reliability of the utilization boiler.

The intensive formation of deposits on the heat exchange surfaces leads to their rapid contamination, which reduces the reliability of the heat recovery boiler and the efficiency of heat recovery (efficiency) of the heat recovery boiler. yu

The task of a useful model is to create a boiler-utilizer with a high degree of purification of flue gases from impurities, as well as to increase the reliability of operation and the efficiency of heat utilization of flue gases, which are emitted from fuel-burning units, for example, coke ovens. "AND

The problem is solved by the fact that in a known recovery boiler, which contains a flue gas supply pipe, a flue gas discharge pipe, a reactor supplied with a cyclonic combustion chamber, which includes a burner device and to which the flue gas supply pipe is tangentially connected, a heat recovery system , which includes heat exchange surfaces and is connected to the reactor and the flue gas outlet, according to the claimed useful model, the recovery boiler is supplied with a flue gas enrichment system with fuel and air, which is connected to the flue gas outlet, the reactor additionally contains C 70 at least one cyclonic combustion chamber and is provided with an afterburner chamber connected to the cyclonic combustion chambers and forming together with them the working volume of the reactor.

From" In a separate version of the recovery boiler, a diaphragm is installed at the outlet of the reactor, the outlet opening of which connects the reactor with the heat recovery system, while the area of the outlet opening of the diaphragm is determined by the following dependence: - oda "5175508, 0 sh" so where: 81 - the area of the output opening of the diaphragm, m"; i-th Zo - the area of the base of the afterburner chamber, m" sl In a separate version of the recovery boiler, the ratio of the volume of the afterburner chamber to the working volume of the reactor is determined by the following dependence; 043-085 (2 s where:

M. - volume of the afterburning chamber, m;

Mo - working volume of the reactor, mu. because in a separate embodiment of the boiler-utilizer, each cyclonic combustion chamber is tangentially adjacent to at least one additional pipe for the supply of flue gases.

In a separate version of the boiler-utilizer, a damper is installed in the flue gas supply pipe.

In a separate version of the recovery boiler, the post-combustion chamber contains at least one protrusion, dB, which is located on the inner surface of the post-combustion chamber and has the following dimensions:

OP bakhahopnA (3)

PbasvaovA (1

Pejeskare 0) where: a - the height of the ledge, m;

b - length of protrusion, m; 70 a - diameter of the cyclone combustion chamber, m; with - Angle of inclination of the protrusion to the base of the afterburner chamber, degrees.

In a separate version of the boiler-utilizer, a grid is installed at the exit from the reactor.

In a separate version of the recovery boiler, the post-combustion chamber and cyclonic combustion chambers are made of fire-resistant and heat-insulating materials. 15 In a separate version of the recovery boiler, an additional heat recovery system is installed in the flue gas outlet, which includes heat exchange surfaces.

In a separate version of the boiler-utilizer, a forced flue gas removal system, which includes a traction device, is connected to the flue gas outlet.

In a separate version of the boiler-utilizer, a 2o turbulating grid is installed in the flue gas supply pipe,

In a separate version of the recovery boiler, the burner device is located axially in the cyclone combustion chamber.

In a separate version of the recovery boiler, each cyclonic combustion chamber has an additional diaphragm, the opening of which connects the cyclonic combustion chamber with the afterburning chamber, while the area of the opening is determined by 2; by the following dependence: - 044с55/84 09 (5 where: it) 30 Za - the area of the opening, me; yu

Z, - area of the base of the cyclone combustion chamber, m.

The proposed technical solution allows to increase the degree of flue cleaning; gases from impurities, as well as the reliability of the boiler-utilizer due to the introduction of a system of enrichment of flue gases with fuel and air before "I supply of flue gases to the reactor. This contributes to effective mixture formation and leads to the intensification of the combustion process in the working volume of the reactor, which ensures effective cleaning of flue gases from impurities. -

Equipping the reactor with an afterburner allows to increase the residence time of flue gases in the working volume of the reactor, and also allows to stabilize the temperature field in the working volume of the reactor, in which the process of combustion and purification of flue gases from impurities takes place. The introduction of an additional cyclonic "combustion chamber" in the reactor leads to the creation in the afterburning chamber of oncoming vortex flows of flue gases coming out of the cyclonic combustion chambers, which ensures an increase in the efficiency of flue gas disposal due to the intensive mixing of flue gases with fuel and air, as well as due to the effective afterburning of resinous and carbonaceous impurities in the working volume of the reactor. This reduces the contamination of the heat exchange surfaces of the heat recovery system with resins, carbon particles that form deposits on the heat exchange surfaces, and increases the reliability of the heat recovery boiler and the efficiency of heat recovery, and -3z 45 also reduces the "sensitivity" of the recovery boiler to polluted flue gases, which have a significant content of resinous and carbon impurities. d» The boiler-utilizer, which is declared, is shown in the following drawings:

Fig. 1 - a general view of the boiler-utilizer; because Fig. 2 is a front view of Fig. 1; c 20 Fig. 3 - version of the boiler-utilizer reactor;

Fig. 4 - version of the boiler-utilizer reactor; sl Fig. 5 - version of the boiler-utilizer reactor;

Fig. 6 - version of the boiler-utilizer reactor;

Fig. 7 - section AA Fig. 2;

Fig. 8 - section B-B of Fig. 2; c Fig. 9 - a version of the utilization boiler with two cyclone combustion chambers;

Fig. 10 - a version of the utilization boiler with four cyclone combustion chambers.

The recovery boiler contains flue gas supply nozzles 1.4, 15, a flue gas discharge nozzle 2, reactor 3 supplied with cyclonic combustion chambers 4 4, 45, each of which includes an axially installed 60 burner device 5, The recovery boiler contains a heat recovery system b, which includes heat exchange surfaces 7 and is connected to the reactor C and the flue gas outlet 2.

The recovery boiler is also equipped with a flue gas enrichment system 8 with fuel and air, which is connected to the flue gas supply pipes 14. 15. Reactor C is equipped with an afterburner chamber 9, which is adjacent to the cyclonic combustion chambers 4 4, 45 and together with them forms a working reactor volume 3. A diaphragm 10 is installed at the outlet of reactor Z, in which there is an outlet hole 11 that connects reactor Z with the heat recovery system 6 (see Fig. 1, 2).

In the following versions of the boiler-utilizer, which are shown in Fig. 3-6, 9, 10, separate versions of the boiler-utilizer are presented.

The area of the outlet opening 11 of the diaphragm 10 is determined according to dependence (1).

The volume of the afterburner chamber 9 is determined according to dependence (2).

A damper 12 is installed in each flue gas supply pipe 14, 1".

Grid 14 is installed at the exit from reactor C.

The inner surface of the afterburning chamber 9 and combustion chambers 4 1, 42 are made of refractory and 70 heat-insulating materials, namely, fireclay brick, refractory clay, etc.

An additional heat recovery system 15, which includes heat exchange surfaces 7, is installed in the flue gas outlet 2.

A forced flue gas removal system 16, which includes a traction device, is adjacent to the flue gas outlet pipe 2.

A turbulating grid 17 is installed in each flue gas supply pipe 14, 1".

Each cyclonic combustion chamber 4 4, 45 has an additional diaphragm 18, the opening 19 of which connects the cyclonic combustion chamber 4.4, 45 with the afterburning chamber 9.

The area of the opening 19 of each cyclonic combustion chamber 4.4, 4" is determined according to dependence (6).

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the reactor 3, in which projections 13 are located on the inner surface of the afterburner chamber 9; parallel to the base of the afterburner chamber 9.

Fig. 4 shows a version of the reactor 3, in which on the inner surface of the afterburner chamber 9 there are protrusions 135" perpendicular to the base of the afterburner chamber 9.

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the reactor 3, in which projections 13" are located on the inner surface of the afterburner chamber 9 at an angle a to the base of the afterburner chamber 9.

Fig. 6 shows a version of the reactor 3, in which projections 13.4, 13" are located on the inner surface of the afterburner chamber 9. at,

Fig. 9 shows a version of the boiler-utilizer with two cyclone combustion chambers 44, 45, to which the flue gas supply pipes 1 4, 15 are connected tangentially, as well as additional flue gas supply pipes 1 44, 124, respectively. A flue gas enrichment system with fuel and air is adjacent to each flue gas supply nozzle 14. 144, 12, 124, and a turbulating grid 17 and a damper 12 are installed in each flue gas supply nozzle 114, 144, 12, 124.

Fig. 10 shows a version of the boiler-utilizer with four cyclone combustion chambers 4 3, со 4, 4з, 44, to which the flue gas supply nozzles 1.4, 15, 1з, 14 are connected tangentially, respectively.

The recovery boiler works in the following way. "

The flue gases leaving the fuel-burning unit (not shown in the drawings) enter the "flue gas supply nozzles 14, 15, each of which has a damper 12 for regulating the supply of flue gases to the cyclonic combustion chambers 4.4, 45" of the reactor Z of the boiler -utilizer. In the flue gas supply nozzles 14, 1", the flue gases are enriched with fuel and air by means of the enrichment system 8, which is adjacent to the flue gas supply nozzles 14, 15. In each flue gas supply nozzle 13, 12, a "turbulizing grid 17 is installed to turbulate the flue gas flow of gases entering the cyclonic combustion chambers 4 4, from p. 45. Turbulization of flue gases enriched with air and fuel contributes to their better mixing. . Introduction of flue gases into the cyclonic combustion chamber 4 4, 45. with the help of tangentially connected nozzles and? 14, 1" provides activation of mixing of flue gases in cyclonic combustion chambers 4.4, 4".

Axial placement of the burner device 5, to which air and fuel are supplied in each cyclone

Combustion chamber 4 4, 42 provides an increase in the length of the torch and the working volume of reactor Z and contributes to the stabilization of the temperature field in reactor 3. The flow of flue gases from the cyclonic combustion chamber 44 moves to the afterburner chamber 9, where it meets another flow of flue gases , which comes out of the cyclone chamber during combustion 4 5. This ensures intensive mixing of flue gases and helps reduce the concentration of oxides

Go! nitrogen (MO,) and carbon oxides (CO) in flue gases. The ratio (M.4//2) of the volume of the afterburner chamber 9 to 5 of the total volume of reactor 3, chosen in accordance with dependence (2), allows to optimize the combustion process, the time of presence of flue gases in the working volume of reactor Z and ensures an increase in the efficiency of cleaning flue gases from impurities.

The presence of a diaphragm 10 in the reactor C, as well as the presence in the afterburner chamber 9 of protrusions 13 35, 135 and the presence in each cyclonic combustion chamber 4 3, 45 of an additional diaphragm 18, which has an opening 19, ov Prevents the passage of resinous and carbon particles along the walls of the chamber afterburning 9 into the heat utilization system 6, through the outlet opening 11 of the diaphragm 10. Installed at the outlet of the reactor C, the grate 14 helps to turbulate the flow of flue gases, which ensures effective heat transfer, and also helps to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO,). After reactor Z, the flue gases enter the heat utilization system 6. In the heat utilization system b and in the additional heat utilization system 15, heat exchange surfaces 7 are installed, for example: superheaters, evaporators, economizers, etc., which allow efficient utilization of the heat of the flue gases. After the heat recovery system 6, the flue gases enter the flue gas discharge pipe 2, in which an additional heat recovery system 15 is installed, which is designed for additional heat recovery of the flue gases. Then the flue gases are removed to the environment using the forced flue gas removal system 16. 65 In a separate version of the utilization boiler, two cyclone combustion chambers 4.4, 45 (see Fig. 9) are installed in the reactor C, to which two supply nozzles are tangentially connected flue gases 1.4, 15, as well as two additional flue gas supply nozzles 1.44, 124, respectively. The supply of additional flue gas supply nozzles 144, 1241 to the cyclonic combustion chambers 44, 45 ensures effective mixing of the flue gases enriched with air and fuel in the cyclonic combustion chambers 4, 45.

In a separate version of the recovery boiler (see Fig. 10), four cyclone combustion chambers 4 4, 45, 43, 44 are installed in reactor C, to which four flue gas supply nozzles 14, 15, 15, 1 are connected, respectively. At the same time, the efficient operation of the recovery boiler is ensured by increasing the stabilization of the temperature field in the working volume of reactor 3. The tests of the "coke oven - recovery boiler" complex, which was installed at OJSC "Zaporozhkoks", were conducted. At the same time, the flue gases from the coke oven entered the 7/0 Wastewater boiler, which operated at a temperature of 109523. The results of the tests on individual versions of the wastewater boiler are shown in Tables 1, 2. (Fig. 1) (Fig. 4) (Fig. 8) (Fig. 10) and

З площа стору доданої дерен мі 0000000000000895000020005750 576010 2 твиютеюуун 000000000000000000000000010019905 вдееюнесюуум 00000010 лес: ЗНИНННИ НОСИ НЕННЯ ПОЛЕ НОСИ СН - звати 00000000 919295995 подяютааюутм 000000000000000000009152 5252 от ле ЗНИНННИ НИНІ НЕННЯ ПОС ОС ОСНО 18. Наявність турбулізуючої рештки у патрубку підведення димовиє тав | 00000201 available 11711111 711

PBkilvkstciyutnnye amer early zd 000000000000000100000010201022 pr t visi OTHERS WE DAMN NOT KO of each cyclonic combustion chamber. unit "h ach, azo - height of protrusions 134, 132, respectively, m; che 01, ro - length of projections 131, 132, respectively, m; о, оо - the angle of inclination of the yashupia 134, 132, to the base of the afterburning chamber 9, respectively, degrees and

And 7 s (Fig. 1) (Fig. 4) | (Fig. 6) (Fig. 10) with

And before oxidizing mimo 0001 - after etathilatyu 00000009 370000o t zookidiyutyumimo 00001111 g so 4. Concentration of resinous and carbonaceous frequency miMO 1

Fo sl of heat exchange surfaces), h zv p

Claims (13)

The formula of the invention 6о 1. Boiler-utilizer, which contains a flue gas supply pipe, a flue gas discharge pipe, a reactor equipped with a cyclonic combustion chamber, which includes a burner device and to which a flue gas supply pipe is tangentially connected, a heat recovery system that includes heat exchange surfaces and connected to the reactor and the flue gas outlet pipe, which is characterized by the fact that the recovery boiler is equipped with a flue gas enrichment system with fuel and air, which is connected to the flue gas supply pipe, the reactor additionally contains at least one cyclonic combustion chamber and is equipped with an afterburner chamber , which is connected to the cyclonic combustion chambers and together with them forms the working volume of the reactor. 2. The recovery boiler according to claim 1, which differs in that a diaphragm is installed at the outlet of the reactor, the outlet of which connects the reactor with the heat recovery system, while the area of the outlet of the diaphragm is determined by the following dependence: p44c817/85 09, where: 51- area of the diaphragm outlet, m; 8" - area of the base of the afterburning chamber, m, 70 Z. Boiler-utilizer according to claim 1, which differs in that the ratio of the volume of the afterburner chamber to the working volume of the reactor is determined by the following dependence: п43е мимо ПО where: mi - the volume of the afterburner chamber, m; Ua - working volume of the reactor, mu, 4. Boiler-utilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that each cyclonic combustion chamber is tangentially adjacent to at least one additional pipe for the supply of flue gases. 5. Boiler-utilizer according to claim 1, which differs in that a damper is installed in the flue gas supply pipe. 6. Boiler-utilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the afterburning chamber contains at least one protrusion, which is placed on the inner surface of the afterburning chamber and has the following dimensions: two ah pes p5Baso 25 00'kok od -o where: a - height of the protrusion , m; b - length of protrusion, m; oyu y - diameter of the cyclone combustion chamber, m; at. - angle of inclination of the protrusion to the base of the afterburning chamber, degrees. i am 7. Boiler-utilizer according to claim 1, which differs in that a grate is installed at the outlet of the reactor. co 8. Waste boiler according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the afterburning chamber and cyclonic combustion chambers are made of fire-resistant and heat-insulating materials. " 9. Boiler-utilizer according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that an additional heat utilization system, which includes heat exchange surfaces, is installed in the flue gas outlet pipe. 10. Boiler-utilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that a forced flue gas removal system, which includes a thrust device, is adjacent to the flue gas discharge pipe. 11. Boiler-utilizer according to claim 1, which differs in that a "turbulizing grid" is installed in the flue gas supply pipe. from the village 12. Boiler-utilizer according to claim 1, which differs in that the burner device is located axially in the cyclone combustion chamber. iv - . and 13. Boiler-utilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that each cyclonic combustion chamber has an additional diaphragm, the opening of which connects the cyclonic combustion chamber with the afterburning chamber, while the area of the opening is determined by the following dependence: - 0448/8584 5 09, where : eh? 83 - opening area, m; (ee) . 2 84 - area of the base of the cyclone combustion chamber, m. 1 sl 60 b5