UA136756U - GAS GENERATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

Gas generator for energy synthesis gas, containing chamber (7), receiving hopper (1), screw retort-hydrolyzer (9), storage hopper (11), according to the utility model, receiving hopper (1) equipped with a device for mixing raw materials (2) with electric drive; after the receiving hopper (1) there is a dosing-sealing unit with a sluice chamber (5) with upper (3) and lower (6) sluice gates-dispensers; the gasifier further comprises a screw retort-homonizer (8) for drying the raw material at a temperature of 200 ° C with the release of H2O, connected via a vertical outlet to the screw retort-hydrolyzer (9) to carry out a chemical reaction of hydrocarbons with H2O, which is connected through a vertical outlet with a storage hopper (11) for removing pyrocarbon from the gas generator; the storage hopper (11) of pyrocarbon is connected to the screw conveyor 12 to move the pyrocarbon to the heat generator (14), to support the autothermal process in the gas generator; a blower (15) is connected to the heat generator to supply air to the combustion chamber; the gas generator comprises a synthesis gas pipeline (16) with a valve (17) for removing the obtained synthesis gas from the gas generator and branching the gas pipeline with a valve (18).

Description

The useful model belongs to the field of thermal energy, namely to gas-generating equipment, in particular to gas-generating solid fuel reactors, and can be used to obtain energy synthesis gas, which is used for generating electricity and/or thermal energy for heating residential and industrial premises and supplying hot water for household purposes.

A known gas generator, which includes a cylindrical body with an upper opening for loading carbon-containing mass, an air supply hole and pyrolysis gas outlet, an opening for ash removal, an inner shell that is placed coaxially with the cylindrical body and forms with the latter an annular channel that is connected to the opening for the release of gases, grates installed in the lower part of the case, the reactor, made in the form of truncated conical surfaces, connected to each other by the tops, an air duct, aerodynamically connecting the air supply hole with the inlet of the reactor, fixed coaxially to the case in its middle part. At the same time, the air supply hole is placed above the pyrolysis gas outlet and is separated from the latter by a plug installed in the ring channel, and the air duct is made in the form of a set of air ducts placed in the cavity of the ring channel and fixed in the areas of the inlet holes on the plug (patent on a useful model of the VO Mo. 247 8690, published on 04/10/2013, municipal office C10U3/201.

The disadvantage of the known boiler is its high material capacity and heat capacity.

A well-known gas generator containing a housing with a loading device in its upper part and an ash pan in the lower part, the main gasification chamber of raw materials, as well as its post-combustion chamber, systems for supplying the agent to the gasification chambers, post-combustion and removal of the obtained synthesis gas, located in the case, while the main the chamber and the afterburning chamber are mounted in the gas generator body, between the chambers there is a zone of aerodynamic cleaning of the obtained synthesis gas, the gas generator is equipped with a device for mixing raw materials in the chambers, made in the form of a device mounted in the body with the possibility of rotation using a shaft drive, on which stirrers are fixed, placed in the chambers (a patent for a utility model of NI

Mo 85984, publ. 20.08.2009

The main disadvantages include the large overall dimensions and the complexity of the design.

A well-known transport gas generator, consisting of a case, inside which

There is a fuel hopper, followed by a fuel loading hopper, with a gasification chamber, an annular collector and nozzles are attached to the gasification chamber, the housing and the annular collector are connected by pipes, a heat shield is installed in the annular collector along the entire perimeter of the gasification chamber, attached to the housing a shirt with air supply fittings, there is a fuel hatch on top of the bunker, further on is an ignition hatch, a grill grate is on the bottom, a gas extraction fitting is attached to the upper part of the housing, a hatch for fuel ignition is installed in the lower part of the housing above the grate grate, a hatch for unloading is installed under the grate grate ashes The body is equipped with an air jacket and is connected to the ring collector by at least two nozzles, in the ring collector there is a heat screen installed around the entire perimeter of the gasification chamber, nozzles directed upwards at an angle of 6...87 to the horizontal (patent for a utility model OA Mo 93810, publ. 10.10 .2014, city class C10U Z/201.

The disadvantage of using a transport gas generator is its large dimensions, high metal content and strict requirements for fuel.

As the closest analogue, a device for the pyrolysis of crushed materials was chosen, which contains a loading hopper, a screw feeder with a vertical outlet, connected to the upper part of the retort tube, which contains a screw for moving the processed material from the loading zone to the unloading zone with the simultaneous implementation of the pyrolysis process due to the supply heat from a system of heaters located along the entire length of the retort, while in the upper part of the retort pipe along the entire length, a system of holes-gas ducts is made for the removal of gases formed during pyrolysis, and at the opposite end of the retort from the loader, there is a device for unloading the received coal, realized in the form of a vertical tap, connected at one end directly to the retort pipe in its lower part and ending with a receiving hopper, which may or may not contain an auger for collecting and unloading the received coal (patent for a utility model KO Me 13207301.

The disadvantage of using a device for pyrolysis of crushed materials, which has limited productivity, is its use for obtaining coal and liquid products from crushed organic materials, without obtaining energy synthesis gas.

The basis of the useful model is the task of obtaining energy synthesis gas of increased caloric value due to the introduction of structural elements that provide optimal temperature regimes for chemical reactions of the destruction of hydrocarbon raw materials of high humidity, simplifying the design to reduce the material capacity and overall dimensions of the gas generator, increasing productivity due to continuous loading of raw materials and reduction of operational costs, due to the use of pyrocarbon to support thermochemical reactions, as a secondary product of own production.

The task is solved by the fact that the gas generator, which contains a housing - an external working chamber, a receiving hopper for hydrocarbon raw materials, a dosing and sealing unit with two sluice gates, two screw retorts, a hopper-accumulator of pyrocarbon, a screw conveyor for supplying pyrocarbon to the heat generator, a heat generator, a blower, synthesis gas pipeline, chimney, emergency synthesis gas burner, and in the lower part of the receiving hopper there is a dosing and sealing unit with two sluice gates, which continuously loads raw materials to the screw retort-homogenizer, connected to the screw retort located below it- hydrolyzer, from which pyrocarbon enters the pyrocarbon storage hopper, located in the lower part of the gas generator body. A pyrocarbon storage hopper is connected to a screw conveyor for pyrocarbon supply to the upper part of the combustion chamber of the heat generator, which has lining walls and an ash removal hatch. A blower is connected to the heat generator to supply air to the combustion chamber. To the external working chamber of the gas generator, which has external insulation of the walls, a flue pipe for exhaust gases and a synthesis gas discharge pipe with gas-conducting fittings, which has a branch for a possible supply of synthesis gas to the emergency burner of the heat generator, are connected.

The essence of the proposed useful model is that in the gas generator for obtaining energy synthesis gas, which contains a chamber 7, a receiving hopper 1, a screw retort - hydrolyzer 9, an accumulator hopper 11, the receiving hopper 1 is equipped with a raw material mixing device 2 with an electric drive; after the receiving hopper, there is a dosing-sealing unit with a sluice chamber 5 with upper Z and lower b sluice valves-dispensers; the gasifier additionally contains a screw retort-homonizer 8 for drying raw materials at a temperature of 200 "C with the release of HgO, which is connected through a vertical outlet to a screw

With a retort-hydrolyzer 9 for carrying out a chemical reaction of hydrocarbon raw materials with HgO, which is connected through a vertical branch with a hopper-accumulator 11 for the removal of pyrocarbon from the gas generator; pyrocarbon accumulator hopper 11 is connected to a screw conveyor 12 for moving pyrocarbon to the heat generator 14 to support the autothermal process in the gas generator; a blower 15 is connected to the heat generator to supply air to the combustion chamber; the gas generator contains a synthesis gas pipeline 16 with a valve 17 for removing the obtained synthesis gas from the gas generator and branching the gas pipeline with a valve 18.

In addition, in the gas generator, the upper Z and lower b sluice gates-dosers are equipped with an electric drive 4.

The screw retort-homogenizer 8 and the screw retort-hydrolyzer 9 are equipped with an electric drive 10.

The screw conveyor 12 for moving pyrocarbon is equipped with an electric drive 13.

The branch of the gas pipeline with the valve 18 is connected to the emergency burner 19 of the heat generator for the possible supply of synthesis gas in emergency situations.

The chamber 7 contains in the upper part a flue pipe for removing flue gases from the heat generator 14 for heating and destruction of raw materials in the screw retort-hydrolyzer 9.

The essence of the useful model is explained by the drawing, which shows the scheme of the gas generator.

The gas generator consists of a chamber 7, on top of which there is a receiving hopper 1, which has a device for mixing raw materials with an electric drive 2, a dosing and sealing unit with a sluice chamber 5 with upper З and lower 6 sluice gates-dosers with an electric drive 4, a screw retort-homogenizer 8, screw retort-hydrolyzer 9, with electric drives 10, hopper-accumulator 11 of pyrocarbon, screw conveyor 12 with electric drive 13 of supplying pyrocarbon to the heat generator 14, blower 15, gas pipeline 16 of synthesis gas with a valve 17, branching of the gas pipeline with a valve 18 for a possible supply synthesis gas to the emergency burner 19 of the heat generator, chimney 20.

The gas generator solid fuel boiler works as follows. In the receiving hopper 1, which has a stirrer with an electric drive 2, in order to avoid agglomeration and suspension of pre-crushed raw materials to a homogeneous fraction, its mixing is carried out. From hopper 1, the raw material enters the dosing-sealing unit, where the upper sluice valve-doser Z ensures a uniform and regulated flow of raw materials into chamber 5, and at the same time limits the flow of outside air from the receiving hopper 1 into the screw retort-homogenizer 8 and into chamber 7. the chamber 5 ensures the transfer of raw materials to the lower sluice gate-doser 6, which continuously supplies dosed portions of raw materials to the screw retort-homogenizer 8, and also closes the possibility of air entering the gas generator and the return of synthesis gas from the gas generator into the receiving hopper 1, and from there into environment. In the screw retort-homogenizers, preparation for thermal destruction of the raw material takes place - its uniform heating to 200 "C and additional drying, with the release of water vapor.

The raw material from the screw retort-homogenizer 8 enters the screw retort-hydrolyzer 9, heated to 850 "С, where the chemical reaction of the interaction of the hydrocarbon raw material with water (HgO) contained in the raw material is carried out, during which the decomposition of this substance and water occurs with the formation of new compounds, components of energy synthesis gas of increased caloric content.

The solid carbon residue-pyrocarbon resulting from the thermal destruction of raw materials in the screw retort-hydrolyzer 9 gradually advances to the hopper-accumulator 11 of pyrocarbon. The temperature in screw retorts 8 and 9 is controlled by temperature sensors.

The synthesis gas generated in the process of thermolysis passes through the retort-hydrolyzer 9 and the retort-homogenizer 8 against the flow of raw materials, which ensures: the use of water vapor in the process of generation of synthesis gas; quenching of synthesis gas; purification of synthesis gas from fly ash. Iron (He), included in the retort-homogenizer 8 and retort-hydrolyzer 9, which are made of heat-resistant stainless steel, as well as the pyrocarbon produced, are catalysts of the process of thermolysis of hydrocarbon raw materials. Pyrocarbon is removed from the gas generator into a hermetic hopper-accumulator 11 of pyrocarbon, from where it is fed by a screw conveyor 12 to the heat generator 14, where it is disposed of in this way, when it is used as fuel to support the autothermal process (with the release of heat) in the gas generator. Thus, to maintain the energy balance in the gas generator, much less fuel is required than during the initial heating of the reactor. Pyrocarbon is fed into the upper part of the combustion chamber of the heat generator 14 and, under the influence of gravity, small particles of pyrocarbon fall down, in the opposite flow of air, which is supplied from below into the combustion chamber of the heat generator 14 by the blower 15, which ensures the combustion of pyrocarbon in a suspended layer. The ash obtained during the combustion of pyrocarbon

From the outlet, it is poured into the lower part of the heat generator 14, from where it is removed through the ash removal hatch. The flame and flue gases from the heat generator 14 enter the chamber 7 of the gas generator, where, having performed the function of heating two screw retorts 8 and 9, they are discharged through the flue pipe 20. The temperature of the flue gases of 600 "С is monitored at the exit from the chamber 7 of the gas generator by a temperature sensor. Chamber 7 of the gas generator It is made of high-quality boiler steel and has external insulation.

The temperature of the flue gases at the outlet of the reactor is up to 650 "C and is monitored by a temperature sensor. The synthesis gas obtained in the gas generator with a temperature of 650 C...7007 C is discharged from the retort-homogenizer 8 through the gas line 16 under minimum pressure. The temperature of the synthesis gas at the outlet from the reactor is monitored by a temperature sensor located in the gas pipeline 16. In emergency situations and when valve 17 blocks the consumption of the generated synthesis gas, the energy gas is supplied to the emergency burner 19 through the valve 18 of the branch of the gas pipeline, for additional burning of the synthesis gas in the combustion chamber of the heat generator 14.

Thus, a useful model provides the following technical result: obtaining high-calorie energy synthesis gas due to the introduction of structural elements that provide optimal temperature regimes for the chemical reactions of the destruction of hydrocarbon raw materials with high humidity, simplifying the design to reduce the material capacity and overall dimensions of the gas generator, increasing productivity due to continuous loading of raw materials and reduction of operating costs, due to the use of pyrocarbon to support thermochemical reactions, as a secondary product of own production.

Claims (3)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA 1. A gas generator for obtaining energy synthesis gas containing a chamber (7), a receiving hopper (1), a screw retort-hydrolyzer (9), an accumulator hopper (11), which is characterized by the fact that the receiving hopper (1) is equipped with a device mixing of raw materials (2) with an electric drive; after the receiving hopper (1) there is a dosing-sealing unit with a sluice chamber (5) with upper (3) and lower (b) sluice valves-dispensers; because the gasifier additionally contains a screw retort-homonizer (8) for drying raw materials at a temperature of 200 C with the release of H2O, which is connected through a vertical outlet to a screw retort-hydrolyzer (9) for the chemical reaction of hydrocarbon raw materials with HO, which is connected through a vertical outlet with a hopper-accumulator (11) for removing pyrocarbon from the gas generator; hopper-accumulator (11) of pyrocarbon is connected to the screw conveyor (12) for moving pyrocarbon to the heat generator (14), to support the autothermal process in the gas generator; a blower (15) is connected to the heat generator to supply air to the combustion chamber; the gas generator contains a synthesis gas pipeline (16) with a valve (17) for removing the obtained synthesis gas from the gas generator and branching the gas pipeline with a valve (18). 2. The gas generator according to claim 1, which differs in that the branch of the gas pipeline with the valve (18) is connected to the emergency burner (19) of the heat generator for the possible supply of synthesis gas in emergency situations. 3. The gas generator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the chamber (7) contains in the upper part a flue pipe (20) for removing flue gases from the heat generator (14) for heating and destruction of raw materials in the screw retort-hydrolyzer (9). new a oz OKO o o Y Mov i dich, ME KN VVVO pi z for VEN sk ZSH ЭХ 2 ХХ; i se -o ssha EK MB. synte taz p nn veni nene i SE OO ZO DK OH VK SHEU RU i EV UNO ve VNU ZU Z OO OO NU E g TU xx Z M Mo U I AH Z EK OK, on OO OO EKO I RU -- 3 in op о х E NK ІІІ У ще Я Khyzhknyukh о a PO OO nin E ekon" у FEM Kk s shk OB NN kos PO ВВВВВНЯ ооо: SHYN Y o V OVVVVVVYA BE zh SO aY Uh BZH ny VE i OO po zh Ж КК Ann M IN