UA136441U - METHOD OF OBTAINING GLUE PANEL STRUCTURES FROM WOOD WITH OBTAINING TEXTURAL FEATURES - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of obtaining glued panel constructions from wood includes sawing logs into lumber, drying lumber and cutting them into rails, planing (milling) rails. Then the rails are sorted, variants of schemes of glued panel constructions are developed, preliminary modeling of shape stability and strength of glued panel structures is performed, glued panel structures are formed according to the proposed set schemes, glued panel structures are glued and their surfaces are treated with the required parameters. Rails are sorted according to texture and physical and mechanical properties, for which appropriate specialized equipment is used, options for combining rails to obtain glued panel structures with original texture characteristics, perform modeling of stability and strength of glued panel structures taking into account textural features.

Description

The useful model belongs to the technique and technology of the woodworking and furniture industry and can be used in the production of wood products.

It is known that glued panel structures (GCL) are one of the most common form-forming structural and facade elements of wood products. The range of products that contain them is extremely diverse. First of all, these are furniture and parquet products, doors, wall panels, etc. The quality of these products, for the most part, is determined by the quality of the production of KSHK, therefore, high demands are placed on them in terms of strength, dimensional stability and aesthetics.

The capabilities of modern technologies allow the production of materials that closely imitate the texture of wood. However, it remains practically impossible to artificially reproduce the natural pattern (texture) of wood, in particular, there are currently no technological solutions for reproducing the volume of wood texture. In addition, natural wood has other characteristic features that are practically impossible to reproduce in other materials, in particular composite materials, which are most often used as substitutes for wood. These features of natural wood include: virtually no content of toxic substances, the possibility of renewing its surface, the ability to reproduce the previous shape due to changes in moisture, stability of mechanical indicators under temperature changes, absence of delamination by thickness and peeling of the edge.

Ensuring the quality of KSHK, determined by the properties of its individual sections (blanks, lamellae), requires a differentiated approach taking into account the requirements of strength, dimensional stability and aesthetics of KSHK. Therefore, the search for effective solutions for the production of KSHK with respect to textural features, strength and dimensional stability is an urgent task.

KSHK made of solid wood is obtained by gluing sawdust of different types of sawing in width or thickness. There is also the option of gluing along the length (joint, mostly on a toothed spike) before gluing along the width or thickness. At this time, there are two known methods of manufacturing KSHK: traditional - gluing sawn products in width

KSHK and alternative - gluing sawn products by width and thickness into a block (package), which is sprayed on KSHK. An alternative method in connection with increased labor costs and the impossibility of using the obtained KSHK in the production of milled facade surfaces

From a complex profile (planar or three-dimensional) received less spread. The traditional method of manufacturing glued shields is more suitable for their further use and is implemented according to one of the four defined technological schemes.

It is known that the texture of sawn wood obtained after sawing a log is very diverse. The texture of wood is formed by macroscopic anatomical elements, the originality and uniqueness of which is determined by the complexity of the structure and the totality of its individual elements. Annual rings can be distinguished from all the macroscopic elements characterizing the texture of wood. The peculiarity of wood texture depends on the following basic characteristics of annual rings: cross-sectional shape, width, number per 1 cm, differences between early and late zones, and uniformity. Annual rings are well expressed in coniferous and deciduous ring-vascular species of the temperate climate zone, due to which the texture of the wood in such species is diverse and clearly visible on the cross-sections of the log. Technological option! production of furniture shields / Ryibitskyi P.N., Lebedynskaya N.V. //Modern problems! construction and production of artistic products from wood. Arkhangelsk, AGTU - 2006. - Sat. 161-167; Reference book on wood / A.M. Borovykov, B.N. Ugolev / Pod. ed. B.N.

Ugoleva - M.: Lesnaya promyishlennost, 1989. - 294 p.; M/osa Naparook, UUosa az op Epdipeetipd

MaiegiaI. Sept. Thesis Sept. /ERI-24TA8-190. Madizop, MU: 0.5. YuOerapytepi oi Adpisiyige, Eogevi

Zegmise, Eogevi Rhodysov I Arogayogu. - 2010. -508 p). Sawn products sawn in various ways in traditional directions (parallel to the axis or the log) are commonly used. Therefore, the use of such sawdust in the manufacture of wood products to a certain extent limits potential design solutions due to the common textural characteristics of wood.

An interesting approach in the production of KSHK, taking into account textural features, is the use of sawn products with the original O- and O-like texture of wood. According to the results of previous studies, the use of such sawdust in the production of KSHK will ensure their proper dimensional stability, but since their strength indicators will decrease, such KSHK can be used only in structures that do not bear significant loads, in particular, such as facade surfaces. The predicted proper dimensional stability of KSHK from sawn products sawn at an angle to the axis of the log will be ensured due to the reduction of internal stresses in the sections of these KSHK compared to KSHK for which sawn products sawn parallel to the axis of the log were used. The reduction of internal stresses is due to the fact that when sawing a log at an angle to its axis, the annual rings and wood fibers are cut, so sawn sawn at an angle does not contain long sections of annual growth with uncut fibers.

This leads to a decrease in internal stresses in sawn products during its operation.

The reduction of stresses contributes to the reduction of the value of the internal (resulting) force in the areas of annual growth (Pat. 91374 Ukraine, IPC (2009) B27 M 3/00. The method of manufacturing a glued board with preservation of wood texture / V. O. Maievsky, V. M. Maksimiv. , V.S. Kalenskyi; applicant and patent owner of the National Forestry University of Ukraine - application 25.02.2008; published 26.07.2010, Bul. Mo 14.; Maueu5Kuu U. Te eiPesi oi a zamipu apdie op joosai yehiige / U. MauyeuzkKuu,

M. McZutim, I. orizNup5Kuu, A. Teizspipdeg //Roiia Eogeziaia Roiopisa, Zegiez In "Oglemlpistmo".

Rogpap - 2008. -Ievye 39. -R. 45-54; Stalemate. 31116 Ukraine, IPC (2006.01) В27В 1/00. The method of obtaining sawn products with O- and O-like texture of wood / Mayevskyi V.O.; the applicant and the patent holder of DVNZ Nation. forests University of Ukraine. - statement 03.12.2007; published 25.03.2008, Bull.

Mo 61.

Traditional technological approaches are usually used to ensure the strength and dimensional stability of KSHK. KSHK, which have a large width, must be glued from narrow areas of sawn products. This is due to the fact that during operation, due to the capillary-porous structure of the wood and the anisotropy of its properties, which are characterized by the placement of the fibers, the direction of the annual layers in the sections, and the presence of different zones of the wood in the section, wide KSHK are subject to deformation (warping). Warping (deviation of the shape from the given one), mostly, is found on the cross-section of sawn products or its section. So, for the case when the KSHK is glued from wide areas of tangential sawing with the placement of annual layers in one direction, the warping of such KSHK is one-sided and has a smooth surface.

If the areas in the KSHK are placed alternately with annual layers in two directions, then the warping of such KSHK will be complex, with a wavy surface | Voytovych I.H. Basics of wood products technology: Study guide. - Lviv: UkKIaDLTU, "Intellect-West". - 2004. - 143 p.; Majevsky

V.O. Study of dimensional stability of glued panels from massive oak wood /V.O. Majevsky,

Yu.V. Benyakh / Scientific Bulletin of the NLTU of Ukraine: coll. science and technology works - Lviv: RVV NLTU of Ukraine. - 2005. - Issue 15.5. -WITH. 199-208).

The distortion of sawdust from tangential and mixed sawing is due to the different amount of drying of the early and late zones of annual rings. Due to the fact that the late zone

Zo dries more than early, the annual ring tends to level, and the sawdust itself warps. In the case of using sawdust of mixed sawing for gluing

Its curvature in the KSHK will be random and will depend on the location of the areas in the KSHK.

KSHK from wide areas of radial sawing, the annual layers of which are placed relative to the plane close to the perpendicular, does not undergo warping, but its surface may be uneven due to uneven drying of the sapwood and heartwood part of the area. An important qualitative criterion for the production of KSHK is ensuring proper dimensional stability. To improve dimensional stability

KSHK it must be glued from narrow areas (from the sapwood or heartwood part) of radial sawing, which must be placed so that the direction of the fibers in the adjacent areas is turned by 180", but at the same time the decorative properties of the surface are not lost | Voytovych

I.H. Basics of wood products technology: Study guide. - Lviv: UkKRDLTU, "Intellect-

West". - 2004. -143 p...

Modeling of dimensional stability and strength of KSHK, in particular using the finite element method, makes it possible to obtain a visual reproduction of the predicted shape of KSHK and its predicted strength (Pardaev A.S. Ensuring the dimensional stability of non-homogeneous wood massifs taking into account the cylindrical anisotropy of their elements during drying and swelling: PhD thesis of technical sciences: 05.21.05 / Alexander Sergeevich Pardaev - Minsk, 2008. - 136 p.|

Among the shortcomings of the existing production of KISHCHSHK according to the technological schemes of traditional and alternative methods, it is worth mentioning the predominant disregard of the textural features of wood and the use of depersonalized sawdust, which in particular is characterized by the absence of pronounced features of the texture of wood. The use of sawdust from radial sawing for the production of KSHK is not the best option due to the low resource efficiency and difficulty of obtaining it, labor costs and expenses.

The basis of a useful model is the task of offering design and technological solutions for the production of KSHK with respect to textural features, while ensuring their dimensional stability and strength.

The task is solved by the fact that the method of obtaining glued board structures from wood, for the implementation of which the following sequential operations are performed: sawing logs into lumber, drying lumber and cutting them into rails, planing (milling) rails, sorting rails, developing variants of schemes for a set of glued panel constructions, because they perform preliminary modeling of dimensional stability and strength of glued panel constructions,

form glued panel structures in accordance with the proposed set schemes, glue glued panel structures with subsequent processing of their surfaces in compliance with the necessary operating parameters, according to a useful model, sort rails according to texture and physical and mechanical properties, for which use appropriate specialized equipment, develop options combination of rails to obtain glued panel structures with original textural characteristics, perform modeling of dimensional stability and strength of glued panel structures taking into account textural features

The method is carried out with the following consistent design and technological solutions: logs are sawed into lumber using rational sawing schemes, which significantly optimizes the production process, lumber is dried and cut into slats, slats are planed (milled), slats are sorted according to texture and physical and mechanical properties, for which specialized equipment is used, namely automated lines for sorting lumber using machine vision systems, equipped with various lumber scanning systems, achieving a complete visualization of the accounting and sorting process, in the sorting process, the quality indicators of lumber are first controlled and determine which sorting group each belongs to board, and then the boards are distributed to the places allocated for each sorting group, using specialized software, options for combining rails are developed to obtain glued board structures with original textural characteristics eristics, perform preliminary modeling of dimensional stability and strength of glued panel structures, for which application packages are used, in particular, the method of finite elements is used, glued panel structures are formed according to the proposed set schemes, glued panel structures are glued together with subsequent processing of their surfaces in compliance with the necessary regime parameters. This will make it possible to expand the possibilities of potential design solutions and the range of products from KSHK with respect to textural features.

The drawing shows possible variants of the schemes of the set of KSHK, taking into account textural features, namely: a)-z) combined from areas of radial, tangential and mixed sawing; 1i)-l) from lumber sawn at an angle to the log axis 57, 10", 157, respectively.

The prerequisite for the implementation of the proposed options (drawings) in production conditions is

From the solution of the following main tasks: the study of prospective demand (sociological indicator) for the offered products and the provision of aesthetic and operational indicators

KSHK, in particular, their form stability.

Separate obtained theoretical results were confirmed by the results of experimental studies.

To obtain KSHK with different combinations of wood texture on the sawn products shown in the drawing, it is advisable to group sawn products by common features of texture and strength indicators with a further set of KSHK in accordance with a certain algorithm for combining rails in the finished product.

Conducted theoretical and experimental studies of KSHK production technologies show that taking into account textural features in the process of making KSHK, in particular at the stage of package formation, is expedient and promising in production.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of obtaining glued panel structures from wood, for the implementation of which the following sequential operations are performed: sawing logs into lumber, drying lumber and cutting them into rails, planing (milling) rails, sorting rails, developing variants of schemes for the set of glued panel structures, performing preliminary modeling of dimensional stability and strength of glued panel structures, form glued panel structures in accordance with the proposed set schemes, glue glued panel structures with subsequent processing of their surfaces in compliance with the necessary operating parameters, which is distinguished by the fact that the rails are sorted according to texture and physical and mechanical properties, for which they are used appropriate specialized equipment, developing options for combining rails to obtain glued panel structures with original textural characteristics, perform modeling of dimensional stability and strength of glued panel structures taking into account textural features.