UA125972C2 - Plug for converter flaps - Google Patents

Abstract

Liquid steel 5 should flow through the tap 4 of the converter 2 into the pouring ladle 3 without capturing slag 6. This is ensured by inserting the plug 1 into the tap 4 with a rod or similar applicator 17 with its body 8 and fixing it there. The fixation is achieved by the fact that the retaining grips 15, 16, 20, 21 fixed on the body 8 of the plug are fixed in or on the tuyere 4, ensuring the movement of the upper sheet 12 in the direction of the lower sheet 11 or the movement of the lower sheet 11 with the pipe 13 in the direction of the upper sheet 12. The protruding section 14 of the pipe 13 prevents the penetration of slag during the blowing process. The simple and lightweight retaining grips 15, 16, 20, 21 are arranged in such a way that they allow or cause these movement processes. The plug body 8 is easy to use due to its overall weight and soft mass, as a mixture of light bodies 10 and additional light bodies 28 is mixed into the clay mass 9. 2

Description

The invention relates to a plug for temporarily blocking the flight of an inclined converter, which contains a cylindrical deformed body of a clay mixture, light bodies of low-melting hydrocarbon compounds, plasticizer and cellulose, as well as oil as a molding aid, a lower sheet that limits the plug body from below, an upper

B sheet, which limits the body of the cork from above, and the pipe that connects both sheets, and the body of the cork is made with the possibility of introduction with the help of the applicator into the fly and fixation in it, as well as washing out of the fly with the help of liquid steel.

In the blast furnace process, cast iron is first smelted from iron ore with the help of coke and lime. After being discharged into torpedo-shaped ladles, cast iron is sent for further processing.

From the prepared pig iron, steel is then smelted in a converter by blowing with oxygen, and for this, as a rule, additives such as scrap and alloying materials are used. These inclined converters have in the wall at a suitable place above the mirror of the steel bath a discharge hole or a jet for the discharge of liquid steel into the primary ladle. For emptying, the converter tilts to such a position that the steel flows through the fly into the ladle. Since a relatively lighter slag of different viscosity always floats on the steel melt, it inevitably falls during the tilting process first into the fly and, thereby, in greater or lesser quantities into the primary ladle. For many downstream metallurgical processes, the presence of oxygen-rich and often phosphorus- or sulfur-enriched slag is a significant disadvantage. Therefore, there is a need to release the converter steel into the primary ladle as slag-free as possible. From the document EP 0635071, a cork is known, in which the top sheet is made transitioning into a funnel-shaped channel that crosses the cork or its body and is made with the possibility of receiving a pulling gripper that acts on the top sheet. At the same time, the plug is inserted into the outlet channel of the converter so that its upper sheet approximately coincides with the inner side of the converter, and then it is installed by pulling out the gripper. The upper sheet passes into a funnel-shaped channel that crosses the plug, so that the plug is really fixed on the inside of the converter, and not on its outer wall. If the plug is properly seated, the top sheet is sintered so that neither slag nor other components can flow through the fly, only pure liquid steel. Due to the contact of liquid steel, the upper sheet and the funnel-shaped channel or pipe that forms it are partially melted, and the steel can purposefully flow into the placed pouring

From a bucket Such a plug consists of a refractory material, light bodies made of low-melting hydrocarbon compounds, plasticizer, cellulose and oil. Depending on the size of the plug, it is difficult to handle the applicator or the landing device. Depending on the time the plug is in place, deformation in the fly is also associated with problems, and handling the landing device requires a certain skill, since this additional device with a pulling grip has to be used again after landing the plug.

The task of the invention is to create a plug that, thanks to its material composition, could be easily deformed, inserted into the fly without the mentioned landing device and deformed in it.

This problem is solved, according to the invention, due to the fact that the plug body is made in the form of a soft mass with the possibility of high deformation and that it is provided with holding grips that are fixed in the fly when the plug body is inserted and ensure the deformation of the plug body between the lower and upper in sheets using a rod applicator.

According to the invention, the plug body is purposefully reduced in weight due to the use of light bodies, and due to the use of light bodies or additional light bodies, it is introduced by a rod applicator into the fly, is fixed there due to simple advancement and is deformed, and since the holding grips are fixed during the introduction , either the lower sheet or the upper sheet is connected to the pipe, the movement of both sheets relative to each other is possible. The holding grips are fixed in the fly, so that the cork body, which is already in the fly, can no longer move further, but, on the contrary, is forcibly deformed.

According to one expedient variant of the invention, it is provided that the holding grips are fixed on the upper sheet and that the lower sheet with the help of a rod applicator is made with the possibility of movement on the pipe. This achieves that the upper sheet, after fixing the retaining grips, can no longer move further inside the fly, but on the contrary, the lower sheet, which is or is located on the outside of the converter, moves further inside the fly, and it ensures that the plug body is deformed and fixed in pilots

In another preferred embodiment, the holding grips are fixed to the top sheet and the bottom sheet is connected to the pipe, and both can be moved in the direction of the top sheet by means of a rod applicator. Thus, not only the lower sheet moves in the direction of the upper sheet, but also the pipe, which then moves through the upper sheet fixed by the holding grippers and, thus, a short section is released into the fly. This additionally guarantees that the primary slag will not flow down the pipe, as well as the slag that comes out during the blowing process, depending on the composition, will be able to clog it, but on the contrary, only reliably liquid steel, which, as already said, dissolves both components of the plug, in any case, it will divert the flow of slag into the pouring ladle.

In the improvement of this pipe connected to the lower sheet, according to one expedient option, it is provided that the pipe can be moved with the help of the applicator by 5-15 cm, preferably by cm, beyond the upper sheet into the inner space of the converter. This is a great advantage, because during the blowing process, the pipe can no longer become clogged with slag that is ejected, which leads to the 10 clogging defects described above.

Instead of connecting, for example by welding, the holding grips to the top sheet, according to one expedient variant, it is provided that the two holding grips, connected to each other, adjoin the movable top sheet, covering the pipe from above. When moving the upper sheet, the retaining grips make it possible to fix them on or in the fly.

Instead of the two retaining grips described, it is also possible for two, three or four retaining grips, which adjoin the upper sheet from above, to be connected to each other and to the upper sheet or, as described above, simply adjoin from above also without this unity

Also due to this, it is possible to prevent the mobility of the upper sheet, and with the help of the lower sheet to cause the process of deformation of the cork body.

Depending on the execution of the holding grips, there is a possibility of their fixation in the fly or on its cold outer edge.

Such fixation of the retaining grips is guaranteed if they are made of reinforcing steel 6 mm thick and bent at the lower free end, forming a hook, and with external dimensions of 30-50 mm, preferably 40 mm, larger than the circumference of the plug and 3-10 cm longer than her body length. Thanks to these dimensions, first of all, it is guaranteed that the upper end, which is either attached to the top sheet or rests on it, can fit tightly to the body of the plug, that is, in any case, it cannot interfere with the process of introduction into the fly. If the cork body is inserted far enough into the fly, then the lower free ends are fixed with a hook around the fly or

Z around its cold outer edge, as a result of which the deformation process can then reliably begin. All this is carried out with the help of a simple rod or applicator, so that skill no longer plays a decisive role here.

The body of the plug consists of the soft mass specified in paragraph 1T of the formula of the invention, in particular, also used mineral oil and light bodies, and, according to one option, in order to achieve a low overall weight and the possibility of simple use, admixture into the body of the plug, in addition to these light bodies, is provided for bodies made of low-melting hydrocarbon compounds, additional light bodies in the form of mineral hollow foam glass balls. Different light bodies or additional light bodies that contain the body of the cork, which is distinguished not only by its low overall weight, but also by the fact that it can be optimally handled and, that is, easily introduced into the fly. Finally, the mineral oil content provides an optimal molding effect, as provided in the second preferred embodiment of the invention.

Such a plug contains, according to the invention, a body made of a mixture of: - 10-50 vol. 95 granules of 10" polystyrene 0.3-5 mm, - 5-30 vol. 95 additional hollow bodies in the form of styrofoam 0.2-8 mm, - 20-45 wt. 96 additional hollow bodies in the form of aluminosilicate hollow balls with a diameter of 0, 1-1.5 mm, - 15-70 wt. 95 clay mixture of kaolinite, bentonite and Z-layer silicate clay, - 0.5-3 wt. 95 plasticizer, - 0.1-2 wt. 95 thinner, - 0.1-2 wt. 95 of a temporary binder, - 0.1-5 wt. 95 of a permanent binder and - 2-8 vol. 956 of oil as a molding aid.

The use of glass hollow balls is known, in principle, from document EP 2315859 VI, but not in the material composition specified here and not together with polystyrene granulate 0.3-5 mm, which only in this composition gives the necessary optimal weight reduction and, thereby , optimal ease of use, and, in addition, together with the specific clay and bentonite used, it gives the mass the necessary softness.

Preferably and according to the invention, it is also purposefully provided to move the plug with the mentioned polystyrene granulate, and, however, in the form of 2-3 mm, while foam glass is introduced into the general mixture 60 in the form of 0.2-0.5 mm, and aluminosilicate hollow balls are introduced in the form of 0.1-0.5 mm. Polystyrene should not have the shape of balls. This form changes the structure of polystyrene, which gives the cork, together with the foam glass, high stability. Purposefully molded polystyrene gives the mass or mixture significantly better support than the styrofoam balls that were previously used, because the new shape (the shape of the coffee beans) creates a matrix similar to the concrete mixture. This reliably achieves and maintains the necessary stability.

In addition, according to the invention, the polystyrene granulate should be graphitized polystyrene, and this graphitized polystyrene optimally promotes good mixing and adhesion of all components of the cork body. Such a plug ensures quick installation and ensures that the slag is always retained, also during tilting of the converter, sits securely in the fly, does not stick, and also that the channel at the moment of release is completely free for 5-10 seconds, so that the steel can flow out The cork is well stored and has a low weight, which makes it easier, in particular, to fit it in the fly of the converter. At the moment of the start of release, the plug provides a sufficiently high bath of steel above the plug due to the short delay of the steel, thanks to which vortices during the release can be reliably eliminated. These negative vortices occur at bath heights less than 2.5 fly diameters, i.e., at a fly 160 mm below a height of 400 mm. In the absence of a plug, vortices appear, which move in the bath to the surface through and, during discharge, capture the converter slag in the receiver or pouring ladle.

Other details and advantages of the object of the invention are given in the following description of the corresponding drawings, in which a preferred example of its implementation is depicted with the necessary details.

The drawings show the following: - Fig. 1: inclined converter during the flow of liquid steel; - Fig. 2: level of technology with a landing device; - Fig. 3: plug with four holding grips; - Fig. 4: side view of the plug with the pipe extended; - Fig. 5: plug with two encompassing pipe holding grips; - Fig. 6: a plug, in which the retaining grips are connected to the upper sheet and the lower sheet, which moves on a tube firmly connected to the upper sheet;

Zo - Fig. 7: cross-section of the fly with an inserted plug and holding grips that are fixed on the cold edge of the fly; - Fig. 8: cross-section of the fly with an inserted plug and holding grips that are fixed in the fly; - Fig. 9: Graphitized and made in the shape of coffee beans light Styrofoam bodies.

In Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of the converter 2, and it can be seen that the liquid steel 5 flowing out of it carries a layer of slag 6. The liquid steel 5 flows through the nozzle 4 into the pouring ladle 3, which is already partially filled with liquid steel 5'. Stopper 1 is not visible here, as it has already been washed out of flight 4 with liquid steel. Pos. 18 denotes the internal space of the converter, and pos. 24 denotes the cold edge of fly 4. These reference positions are explained in more detail below.

In Fig. 2 shows a design known from the state of the art, in which the plug 1 with its entire body 8 is inserted into the fly 4 to then be deformed by the landing device 22, for which, with the help of the landing device 22, 22, the lower 11 and upper 12 sheets move relative to each other. Due to this, the wall of the body 8 of the plug is pressed against the inner wall of the fly 4, as a result of which the fly 4 is effectively blocked. After removing the landing device 22 and after the corresponding tilting of the converter 2, the liquid steel can flow through the pipe 13, being distributed in the pouring ladle 3, as shown in Fig. 1.

In Fig. C shows the execution of the plug 1, the body 8 of which is closed with the help of the upper sheet 12 at the end, which is inserted first into the fly 4. This upper sheet 12 is connected to four retaining grips 15, 16, 20, 21, and these retaining grips 15, 16, 20, 21 with their hooks 26, 26" ensure that the body 8 of the plug, after being inserted into the fly 4, is fixed there on the inner wall 7 or on the cold edge 24 of the fly. The lower sheet 11 is not visible, but it connects the protruding pipe 13, lower sheet 11 and upper sheet 12.

In Fig. 4 shows an option in which only two holding grips 15, 16 are used, which have hooks 26, 26 at the lower end, that is, at the free end 25. The holding grips 15, 16 are firmly fixed on the upper sheet 12, while the movable mass 30 with the lower, unattached sheet 11 can move to the upper sheet 12, which is firmly connected to the pipe 13, so that the outer wall 27 of the body 8 of the plug can fit snugly against the inner wall 7 of the fly 4.

In this version, the body of the plug 8, in addition to the clay mixture, contains polystyrene granulate.

The cork in fig. 5 differs in that here both holding grips 15, 16 above the upper 60 sheet 12 are wrapped around the pipe 13 and connected to each other, so that it is possible to abandon the fixation, that is, the connection, with the upper sheet 12. The pipe 13 here has a protruding section 14, which is formed due to the fact that it is pushed through the upper sheet 12, forming the indicated protruding section 14, and this can occur when the body 8 of the plug is deformed.

Due to this, the slag 6 cannot flow through the pipe 13 and plug it, since it protrudes upwards in the direction of the hot side by about 10 cm, and the slag 6 is not formed in the pipe 13.

Otherwise, in the case of a non-protruding pipe 13, it would be easily clogged in the process of blowing with sprayed slag, which would then cause problems when the converter tilts and liquid steel 5 flows out.

In Fig. 6 shows a variant in which the supports 15, 16 are connected to the upper sheet 12, and the pipe 13 together with the lower sheet 11 moves in the direction of the upper sheet to fix the body 8 of the plug in the fly 4. This variant is characterized by the fact that the body of the plug, in addition to clay mixture 9 and light bodies 10, 10, contains additional light bodies 28, 28", 28", which are included in the mixture. Additional light bodies 28' consist of sodium/calcium silicate balls, and additional light bodies 28" - of aluminosilicate balls, so that, in general, the mixture characterized in clause 11 of the claims of the invention is formed. In this connection, it should also be indicated on the fact that light bodies made of polystyrene granules consist of graphitized polystyrene and have the specified shape of coffee beans.

In Fig. 7, 8 shows a rod applicator 17, with the help of which the plug body 8 can be inserted into the fly 4. Since the plug body 8 is equipped with holding grips 15, 16 with hooks 26 shown in both figures, the plug body 8 when reaching the position in Fig. 7, 8 is fixed in the fly 4, and then either the lower sheet 11 moves in the direction of the upper sheet 12, or the upper sheet 12 - in the direction of the lower sheet 11. Also here in Fig. 8 shows the projecting area 14 and the auxiliary unit, not marked as the actual landing device 12, but the already mentioned rod applicator 17.

In Fig. 9 shows the repeatedly mentioned light bodies 10, 10", 10", and the shape of coffee beans should be highlighted here. In addition, these light bodies 10 are distinguished by their black color, which was formed as a result of graphitization. It can be seen that the surface of these light bodies 10 is not completely flat, but has grooves, edges, etc., which facilitate fixation in the clay mixture 9.

In fig. 1 flyer 4 is shown with both its edges. Inside, that is, on the liquid steel 5, the warm edge 23 is visible, and the already mentioned cold edge is marked pos. 24. In Fig. 5 coverage

With the ends of the holding grips 15, 16 marked pos. 19.

Claims (14)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. A plug for temporarily blocking the flywheel (4) of the inclined converter (2), which contains a cylindrical deformable body (8) from a clay mixture (9), light bodies (10) from low-melting hydrocarbon compounds, plasticizer and cellulose, as well as oil as a molding agent auxiliary means, a lower sheet (11) that limits the body (8) of the plug from below, an upper sheet (12) that limits the body (8) of the plug from above, and a pipe (13) that connects both sheets, and the body (8) of the plug made with the possibility of introduction with the help of the applicator (17) into the fly (4) and fixation in it, as well as washing out of the fly (4) with the help of liquid steel (5), which differs in that the body (8) of the cork is made in the form of m of a mass with the possibility of high deformation, while it is provided with holding grips (15, 16, 20, 21), which are made with the possibility of fixation on the fly (4) when inserting the body (8) of the plug and ensuring the deformation of the body (8) of the plug between lower and upper sheets (11, 12) using a rod applicator (17). 2. The plug according to claim 1, which differs in that the holding grips (15, 16) are fixed on the upper sheet (12), while the lower sheet (11) is made with the possibility of movement on the pipe (13) using a rod applicator (17) . 3. A plug according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the holding grips (15, 16) are fixed on the upper sheet (12), the lower sheet (11) is connected to the pipe (13) and both are made with the possibility of movement in the direction of the upper sheet (12) using a rod applicator (17). 4. The plug according to claim 3, which differs in that the pipe (13) is made with the possibility of movement with the help of the applicator (17) by 5-15 cm, preferably by 10 cm, for the upper sheet (12) in the direction of the internal space (18) converter. 5. A plug according to claim 2, which is characterized by the fact that two holding grips (15, 16), connected to each other, adjoin the movable upper sheet (12), covering the pipe (13) from above. 6. A plug according to claim 2, which is characterized by the fact that two, three or four retaining grips (15, 16, 20, 21) are connected to each other and to the top sheet (12) when fitting. 7. A stopper according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the holding grips (15, 16, 20, 21) are made with the possibility of fixation in the fly (4) or on the cold outer edge (24) of the fly (4). 8. A stopper according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the holding grips (15, 16, 20, 21) are made of reinforcing steel with a thickness of mm, are made bent at the lower free end (25), forming a hook (26), and with external in size by 30-50 mm, preferably by 40 mm, more than the circumference of the cork and 3-10 cm more than the length of its body (8). 9. A plug according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that its body (8) contains, in addition to light bodies (10) made of low-melting hydrocarbon compounds, additional light bodies (28) in the form of mineral hollow balls (28, 28" in order to reduce the overall weight ) from foam glass. 10. A cork according to claim 1, which differs in that viscous oils are mixed into its body (8) to optimize good deformability. 11. Cork according to claim 1, which differs in that its body (8) consists of a mixture of: - 10-50 vol. 95 granules (10) of polystyrene 0.3-5 mm, - 5-30 vol. 95 additional hollow bodies (28") in the form of foam glass 0.2-8 mm, - 20-45 wt. 9 additional hollow bodies (28") in the form of aluminosilicate hollow balls with a diameter of 0.1-1.5 mm, - 15- 70 wt. 95 of a clay mixture (9) of kaolinite, bentonite and 3-layer silicate clay, - 0.5-3 wt. 96 plasticizer, - 0.1-2 wt. 95 of thinner, - 0.1-2 wt. 95 temporary binder, - 0.1-5 wt. 95 of permanent binder, and - 2-8 vol. 95 oil as a molding aid. 12. A cork according to claim 9, which differs in that granulate (10) of polystyrene in the form of 2-3 mm, foam glass (28) in the form of 0.2-0.5 mm, aluminosilicate hollow balls (28") in the form of 0, 1-0.5 mm in diameter form the body (8) of the cork with other components of the mixture. 13. Cork according to claim 9, which differs in that the granulate (107) of polystyrene has an irregular shape of coffee beans. 14. A cork according to claim 9, which is characterized by the fact that the polystyrene granulate (10) is graphitized polystyrene. ra e r y , y , same «7 cr same bu | 7 | as i n KT I i i: rockets M. Zh | y y si Zh y y E, o g y check. 7 th I mekv. I she Z yin / 12. on the same 1 DOWN and in ! DI t I i--x shi» Fig 2 I | , with Y in what and "Fig. 3 ! 0 is" in z. A OO Sble-o 76 " che nan, Shin, 3 th, 4 5 shenyu 1 | R numeotntyuyevyannoya I 16 26 more Fig. 5th / 10th Kotok Kosninnnnia, by proe. 1 ate in I o CHEK e U yuyu po rent | perrnnnnia D in " y dya xx o i «lo y IB ok t h i I m I M Her SHE S. m i i i-i Ka x KT iy e i I! as in SHІ and I shen in E o B ххи и и : | : Yes in B s i fr i: ore i A sdye tsh sh- A i : in POEKH i YAN 26 in i i i i NE Ek EM - o u ! She and she. their t I oo Fic? 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