UA123172C2 - DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS CRUSHING OF GRAPE COMBES IN A STREAM - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a technique for grinding secondary raw materials of winemaking. The device of continuous grinding of grape ridges in the stream consists of a frame on legs, in which the body is vertically mounted, the internal space of which is made in the form of a snail, a drive motor, on the horizontal shaft of which inside the body are rotatable blades with blades. According to the invention, the housing is fixed with the inclination of the discharge pipe down at an angle of 15 °… 20 ° to the horizon, the blades are fixed at the ends of these knives perpendicularly symmetrically to the plane of their rotation at an angle of 30 °… 45 ° to the direction of rotation. The loading branch pipe has a rectilinear accelerating section, length not less than 2… 3 its external diameters, the end face of this branch pipe is a fixed knife fixed parallel to the plane of rotation of knives on one of its sides with a gap of 1… 3 mm between them. Inside the case there is a deck with holes with a diameter of 3… 6 mm, the diameter of which is not less than the outer diameter of the loading pipe, and the center lies on its longitudinal axis, fixed parallel to the plane of rotation of the knives on its other side with a gap of 2… 5 mm between them. A ventilation elbow is attached to the discharge pipe. The invention improves the efficiency of grinding.

Description

The invention belongs to the technique of crushing secondary raw materials of winemaking. The proposed device will find use in the processing, food and other branches of industry when processing grape combs, branches and stems of plants to extract useful substances from them.

A variety of grinding devices are known, which differ in technologies, designs and methods of grinding.

A known device for shredding plant materials, consisting of a rigid frame on which a cutting assembly is placed, connected to a loading hopper, an outlet nozzle and a motor that transmits torque. In the vertically located housing of the cutting assembly, knives are installed on the shaft, which rotate and in interaction with the knives, which are fixed on stationary supports, grind the plant material. The results of this grinding, under the influence of its own weight, fall through the sieve installed between the cutting unit and the outlet nozzle, and go out through this nozzle (RF Patent 177952. Kapitonov A.V. Izmelchitel rastitelnykh materialov).

The disadvantage of this device is the impossibility of crushing the flexible wet grape combs, branches and stems of plants into particles of the specified size with subsequent discharge through a sieve, since this device involves the crushing of plant materials into coarse particles, and, in addition, the sugar-rich particles of the combs and other plants stick together and cannot pass through the sieve.

The closest to the proposed one is a device consisting of a frame in which a casing is installed, the inner space of which has the shape of a snail, knives with blades fixed on the rotor rotate inside the casing with the help of a tractor drive motor,

This is where the plant mass is sent - grass, and the results of its centrifugal grinding are thrown out of the housing through the discharge nozzle (hole). (Russian Patent 157023. Krasovsky V.V.,

Dogoda P.A., Samsonov Yu.V. Rotary mower - shredder).

This device is selected as a prototype.

The prototype and the claimed invention have the following common features: a frame in which a housing is installed, the interior of which is made in the shape of a snail, knives with blades that rotate inside this housing with the help of a drive motor, an exhaust nozzle.

The disadvantages of the device based on the prototype are the impossibility of obtaining the specified dimensions

Of the particles during grinding, grinding the combs in the flow, and, in addition, grinding in the horizontal plane leads to the settling of the comb particles and their clogging of this device.

The invention is based on the task of creating an improved device for continuous grinding of grape ridges, branches and stems of plants (hereinafter - ridges) in a stream.

The task is solved in a device for continuous crushing of grape bunches in a stream consisting of 3: a frame on legs, in which a body is vertically installed, the inner space of which is made in the shape of a snail; fixed on the specified housing of the drive electric motor, on the horizontal shaft of which the knives with blades rotate inside this housing; discharge pipe; the body, fixed in the frame on legs with the inclination of the exhaust pipe downwards at an angle of 15...207 to the horizon; blades fixed at the ends of the specified knives perpendicularly and symmetrically to the plane of their rotation at an angle of attack of 30...457 to the direction of this rotation; fixed in the indicated housing of the loading nozzle, which has a rectilinear acceleration section with a length not less than 2...3 of its outer diameters; the end of this nozzle - a fixed knife fixed in the specified housing parallel to the plane of rotation of the knives on one side with a gap of 1...3 mm between them; a deck installed on supports inside the body with holes with a diameter of 3...6 mm, the diameter of which is not less than the outer diameter of the loading nozzle, and the center lies on its longitudinal axis, fixed parallel to the plane of rotation of the knives on its second side with a gap of 2...5 mm between them; the ventilation elbow, fixed on the exhaust nozzle, the cross-sectional plane of which is larger than the cross-sectional plane of this nozzle; pipes made of burlap, which is fixed on the output end of the specified knee.

The proposed device for continuous crushing of grape bunches in the flow is represented by drawings:

Fig. 1 - a device for implementing the proposed method in section; because Fig. 2 - view of the knives from above and from the side;

Fig. C - general view of the proposed device from the front and side.

This device is implemented as follows.

In fig. 1 presents the proposed device in section. It consists of a frame 1 on legs, on which the body 2 is fixed, the inner space of which has the shape of a fan snail. The body 2 for the needs of installation and repair has a removable side panel 3. On the outside, on one side of the body 2, a fast-rotating drive electric motor 4 is installed, which has a speed of, for example, 2860 revolutions per minute or more. A hub 5 with knives 6 rotating in one plane inside the housing 2 is installed on the shaft of this electric motor.

Blades 7 are installed at the ends of the knives 6, stationary relative to them at an angle of attack of 30...45 to the direction of rotation, which rotate in the housing 2 outside the grinding zone and create rarefaction in it.

Outside, on the other side of the housing 2, on the removable sidewall C, which is fixed to the housing 2, for example, with bolts, a loading nozzle 8 with a receiving hopper 9 is mounted, into which a stream of combs (wet or dry) is loaded.

At the same time, the loading nozzle 8 has a length not less than 2...3 of its outer diameters, which, with the help of rarefaction in the housing 2, allows you to accelerate and reliably feed the combs into the grinding zone from one side of the plane of rotation of the knives b. On the other side of this plane, parallel to it at a distance of 2....5 mm from it on the supports 10, a deck 11 (sieve with a thickness of 2...3 mm) is installed. The diameter of deck 11 is not less than the outer diameter of the loading nozzle, the longitudinal axis of which passes through the center of this deck. At the same time, the deck 11 has holes with a diameter of 3...6 mm, which allow the ridges and air to be evenly absorbed along the entire cross-sectional plane of the loading nozzle 8.

By installing decks 11, the depth of immersion of the combs in the grinding zone is limited and thus the size of the particles of the grinding results is limited. These dimensions also depend on the gaps between the moving and stationary parts of the grinding zone.

The test of this device showed that the optimal gap between the end of the loading nozzle 8 and the plane of rotation of the knives 6 is 1...3 mm, and the optimal gap between the plane of their rotation and the deck 11 is 2...5 mm.

Blades 12 of knives 6 in interaction with the end of the loading nozzle 8 due to shear-shear

Combs immersed in the grinding zone are crushed.

The results of grinding are sucked into the housing 2, picked up by air and, due to centrifugal force, mixed with air, thrown out of the housing 2.

When dosing or collecting in a container, the grinding results are separated from the air using an air filter, which has minimal back pressure and does not affect the grinding performance. As such a filter, the ventilation elbow 13 is used here, which is fixed with the help of fasteners 14 (for example, metal tapes on both sides of the elbow 13) on the discharge nozzle 15 of the body 2. At the same time, the elbow 13 has a cross section larger than the cross section of the outlet opening of the discharge nozzle 15.

The flow of grinding results in a mixture with air is sent to the dispenser or container through the discharge nozzle 15. At the same time, the dispenser or container is attached to the output (lower) end of the knee 13 with the help of a soft insert - a burlap pipe 16, which reduces vibrations. This pipe is put on the output (lower) end of the elbow 13 and fixed there, for example, with a clamp 17.

At the same time, the burlap of this pipe 16 serves as an additional air filter, which leads a part of the air outside through itself.

Thanks to its inertia, the crushed particles of the combs settle in the dispenser or in the container, and the air flow turns around and goes out into the atmosphere through sufficiently large gaps between the discharge nozzle 15 and the knee 13 and the pipe 16 made of burlap.

Depending on the design of the dispenser (container), the lower end of the indicated burlap pipe is fixed on the dispenser or container, or left free - unsecured. The unsecured end of the burlap pipe 16 is used, for example, when the container has the form of an open trough, a truck body or a conveyor belt.

In fig. 2 shows the top and side view of the knives. Flat knives 6, which are made from a single sheet of steel, for example, from a disc woodworking cutter, have an even number and are symmetrical about the center of rotation. The blades 7 are immovably fixed on the ends of the knives, for example, with rivets or welding. All the indicated blades have the same angles of attack to the direction of rotation, equal to 30...457.

At the same time, the blades 7 are made of a "T"-shaped metal profile, for example duralumin, which allows you to install them perpendicularly and symmetrically to the plane of rotation of the knives 6, when the height of the part of the blade that protrudes above the plane of the knife from above is equal to the height of the other part of this blade that protrudes below the plane of this knife. This is the location of the blades

7 relieves the indicated knives from the action of the adversary moments of forces that arise when they rotate with asymmetrical blades and lead to strong vibrations. At the same time, the symmetrical arrangement of the blades 7 neutralizes the effect of the indicated moments of forces.

The blades 12 of the knives are sharpened at an angle of 30...45"7. The knives 6 with the blades 7 are put on the end groove of the hub 5 using the central hole and they are coaxially connected using, for example, welding. Then the indicated hub with the knives 6 and blades 7 with the side panel C removed, it is put on the shaft of the electric motor 5, already mounted in the case 2, and it is fixed on this shaft. After that, the side panel C is fixed on the case 2 with the help of, for example, bolts.

Figure 3 shows a general front and side view of a manufactured sample of the proposed device.

By turning the housing 2 in the frame 1 on the legs behind the axis of the shaft of the drive electric motor 4, the exhaust nozzle 15 is set in a downward position at an angle of 15...20 to the horizon. In this position, the housing 2 is fixed on the specified frame 1, which prevents the results of grinding from accumulating in the housing 2.

Combs for grinding are loaded with the help of a loading nozzle 8 with a receiving hopper 9, and to discharge the results of grinding, for example, onto a conveyor belt, these results are separated from the air flow with the help of a ventilation elbow 13, which is fixed on the discharge nozzle 15 with the help of fasteners 14 and a pipe 16 from burlap, fixed on the output end of this knee with the help of clamp 17.

In this case, the grinding results settle on the conveyor belt, and the air flow from the housing 2 exits through the gaps between the discharge nozzle 15, the knee 13 and the burlap pipe 16.

To control the electric motor 4, a shield 18 is provided here, which is connected to the power grid using a cable with a connector 19.

Conducted computer modeling and field tests in the conditions of real production of the Frumushyka-Nova agricultural holding of the Tarutyn district of the Odesa region confirmed the high efficiency of the declared device for continuous crushing of grape bunches in the stream.

Coo)

Claims (1)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION A device for continuous crushing of grape combs in a flow, which consists of a frame on legs, in which a body is vertically installed, the inner space of which is made in the form of a snail, fixed on the specified body of the drive electric motor, on the horizontal shaft of which inside the body, knives with the possibility of rotation are installed with blades, an ejection nozzle, which differs in that the body is fixed in a frame on legs with an inclination of the ejection nozzle downwards at an angle of 15"7...207 to the horizon, the blades are fixed at the ends of the specified knives perpendicularly and symmetrically to the plane of their rotation at an angle of attack of 307 ...457 to the direction of this rotation, the loading nozzle fixed in the specified housing has a straight acceleration section, the length of which is not less than 2...3 of its outer diameters, the end of this nozzle is a fixed knife fixed in the specified housing parallel to the plane of rotation of the knives on one side of it with a gap of 1...3 mm between them, on the supports inside the body of the device renewed deck with holes with a diameter of 3...6 mm, the diameter of which is not less than the outer diameter of the loading nozzle, and the center lies on its longitudinal axis, fixed parallel to the plane of rotation of the knives on its second side with a gap of 2...5 mm between them, on a ventilation elbow is attached to the outlet nozzle, the cross-sectional plane of which is larger than the cross-sectional plane of this nozzle, and a burlap pipe is attached to the outlet end of the indicated elbow. A Shi, Z YN: zi Ka B r. m i Zh zh VE: And 8 her or the same in ! ; | ; ra shi sho h o ; ЖК: Z ШЭ: y sho -5 x I A. rai x I V gr vah sht KAM KM nn -y Grebemi o ny shy shk Z povi y x ; She how about in the rank of nn i and t she o she ii ii h i o i FORCES of kish Ve p nn x, r a y: TK : She 6 tires VIY sht z - o. onov - zneoogoodnov dim E g ya de Shi Sho ovo ovsnee na KA a M ya Z Y de: Y dnya m sho yo i s Shk B shi OV. I sk MK Z in hSVY i: dnk i i i, i ho Whore IM Z SHK teka m y KI Ka TI X y Kofti dya "Toebeni Z Z. x sa In vshnshshni Air From the effect of B 15 ke I re i pn zeovtryaz V PO enaneni Z rda she. y. v. i huya / V; i. I ini I M she SHY shi I. with still V zve and heat I III IE - y poonafinnnty o | pi 7 y I ryhny in nnknnuyuyunyay nni o 11 : ше Shk 5 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 00 set ate that dispenser or the old one. Fig. 1 and what She -7 what ! o Z 7 She Sha t her I still - g kezhekk is -kh vi c ra i She; Oh Ka i x N X B | ku Ky and b. ia and mch t Ky Sha Z : ; t B i I a ; in x more - Oh with and w. 5 Ah EI B i u: She. onco Y / and 7 h u v s t ; o EK y Y or oo sh i y ! kn one scha FO U ; they ARE) rn o ho u fodyuyukchya y tyu N MN: і і V ko, nsh pi nn YN / ж Ше х х я х ИЗ я | ; i x cha Ko x i ШЭ y shi i: x N ! NO a i y i Y x oh i shi shi shi: she Y x K e NI a zh i x i Y x M t, / Z Z i is Ey x m - i ; Wed, ! K- y kh nshISHeh m ШИ mash SN yu, and t u Я х ши Й / sho ШХ Й я v. Not she t i x 7 / Y ! teo shchi 7 po annnnnia as well as dova More. Ash | 7 as ho o Z U KOH ZU ks vann xx; : g and her St ; , : I I. shi y " Fig. 2 Z 8 2 4 and Z Z 14 and 3 x N i N x i N shki KSHEII o PO PIIKY still sh PEKY NI POV OO za i i. p o po o KI mya PED, V V NN KO V OO V sho x S p on NN IC p Okh N KU sia BU SESe A: KO ZO Pe VV ne o a 3. Fr. M B z KY KN NU p Kk OK m schi PEKONOK o. OK V M V o.s 0. | oh oh NC OK oh oh x HM OO. OM o o. 5 ВН и ши Y 18 17 13 ate и9 ЗЯ 15141713 16 Fig. WITH