UA110670C2 - The method of thermal recycling organic waste with seasonal algorithm obtained using alternative fuels in the district heat supply - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for thermal utilization of organic wastes with seasonal algorithm for using alternative fuels obtained in district heating, in which pyrolysis in a sealed reactor is carried out in the first stage without access of air at temperature to a multi-circuit circulation system. In the second stage, the solid hot carbon residue separated in the first stage is mixed with additional moist food waste and the mixture is gasified with insufficient oxygen in the gas generator. The pyrolysis process is carried out at a temperature of 135- at the outlet circuit of the multi-circuit circulation system, and produces liquid fuel with a flash point of 55-, which is accumulated in the tanks in the summer. Part of the crushed wood with fraction 5- is mixed with the fallen leaves of the trees and accumulated in burrs. In winter, the accumulated liquid fuel is used to cover peak loads during heat supply, which is burned in additional burners of heat supply boilers. The mixture of wood and fallen leaves accumulated in the beams is gasified in a two-zone gas generator.

Description

heat supply uses accumulated liquid fuel, which is burned in additional burners of heat supply boilers. The mixture of wood and fallen leaves accumulated in the sides is gasified in a two-zone gas generator. singing Pi YOU MOZM about Niboparkov. Mk i o: the zone of 1 N yin "Ly n 1 Y".

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The invention belongs to the system of autonomous heat supply of residential areas due to the complex utilization of solid household waste with the production of alternative liquid and gaseous fuel, which is burned in boilers that provide hot water supply and heat supply of residential premises of the microdistrict, and can also be used in the design of new environmentally safe and economical boiler houses in residential microdistricts, in which a new principle of solid household waste management will be implemented with a new algorithm of seasonal redistribution of alternative fuels, which will ensure autonomous heating of a residential microdistrict.

It is known about the "Method of disposal of organic waste with the production of alternative types of fuel" | see declaratory patent of Ukraine for an invention Mo 40442, IPC 7 G2gZa 5/027, STOS 1/00, publ. 16.07.01. Bul. Mo 6, 2001, which includes the primary pyrolysis of waste in a reactor without access to air at a temperature of 400-980 "С with the production of a solid carbon residue and a multicomponent steam-gas mixture, further cooling of the steam-gas mixture in a multi-circuit circulation cooling system with the removal of the heavy liquid fraction on each circuit of the system and returning it for pyrolysis to the reactor to obtain gaseous and liquid fractions of fuel with the specified molecular weight on the final circuit. stage, in the first stage, the heated waste is mixed with heavy liquid fractions fed into the reactor to obtain a homogeneous mass, and in the second stage, the solid residue is separated from the homogeneous mass and the pyrolysis process is carried out to obtain dry pyrocarbon.

Features that coincide with the essential features of the claimed method: - the method includes two stages of thermal utilization; - at the first stage, pyrolysis of waste is carried out in a hermetic reactor without access to air at a temperature of up to 980 "С with the production of carbon residue, pyrolysis gas and liquid fuel; - at the second stage, gasification is carried out.

Reasons preventing the achievement of the required technical result:

The known method provides thermal decomposition of the organic part of the waste to obtain alternative types of fuel, such as the liquid fraction of fuel, the characteristics of which are close to

From furnace fuel, pyrolysis gas with the characteristics of natural gas and solid residue (pyrocarbon), which in its characteristics is close to solid furnace fuel, but this method does not disclose the methods of using these types of fuel to ensure autonomous heating of a residential neighborhood, the capacity of which significantly depends on the season of the year (spring - summer - autumn - winter), In addition, the known method cannot provide gasification of the wet part of waste, such as food waste, the amount of which reaches 50 95 of the total amount of solid household waste, as well as other organic waste, such as worn car tires, wood and others. Thus, the specified features of the known method do not allow, in a given neighborhood, to obtain the necessary alternative fuel for the production of thermal energy of different power depending on the season.

The closest technical essence to the claimed method is the "Method of the two-stage process of gasification of the organic part of solid household waste" | see patent of Ukraine for a utility model Mo 55935, IPC-2011.01 R2g3a: 5/027, C10s 1/00, publ. 27.12.10. Bul. May 24, 2010, in which, at the first stage, pyrolysis of waste is carried out in a hermetic reactor without access to air at a temperature of up to 980°C, with the production of a carbon residue and a multicomponent vapor-gas mixture, followed by its cooling in a multi-circuit circulation system with the removal of the condensed heavy liquid fraction on each circuit, and returning it to the reactor for repeated pyrolysis to obtain pyrolysis gas on the final circuit, and in the second stage of gasification, the solid carbon residue is separated. In the first stage, dry organic waste is gasified, which contains polymer components that are heated in an extended range temperatures from 200 "C to 980 "C, while multi-level heating of waste is performed with a gradual increase in temperature at each subsequent level, and at the second stage of gasification, the solid hot carbon residue separated at the first stage is mixed with additional wet food waste with impurities of other organic waste iv, the mixture is gasified in the absence of oxygen in the reverse action gas generator, the generated hot generator gas is cooled to a temperature of 20-35 C, the condensed heavy tar-like substance is separated from water and fed to the initial level of the first stage of gasification in a hermetic reactor, and the formed cooled pyrolysis gas is mixed with cooled resin-free generator gas, the gas mixture is sent to the consumer. for Features that coincide with the essential features of the claimed method:

- at the first stage, pyrolysis is carried out with a multi-circuit circulation system of dry waste, which includes polymeric components, in a hermetic reactor without access to air at a temperature of up to 980 "С, with the production of carbon residue and liquid fuel; - at the second stage, the solid hot separated in the first stage the carbon residue is mixed with additional wet food waste and the mixture is gasified when there is insufficient oxygen in the gas generator; - the formed hot generator gas is cooled to a temperature of 20-35", the condensed heavy resinous substance is separated from the water and fed to the first stage - pyrolysis; - the formed cooled pyrolysis gas is mixed with cooled resin-free generator gas, the mixture of gases is sent to the consumer.

Reasons preventing the achievement of the required technical result:

In a given microdistrict, it is possible to obtain a limited amount of non-traditional energy carriers per day, such as dry and wet household waste, worn-out automobile tires, wood waste from the forest park zone, and others, accordingly, the existing methods of their utilization allow to obtain a limited amount of alternative types of fuel from them, use which do not allow for autonomous heat supply of the specified microdistrict due to the uneven volume of their seasonal use, for example, heat supply in winter requires three times more fuel than hot water supply in summer, and the bulk of organic waste is generated in summer. Thus, for the rational use of the existing limited volume of alternative fuels in the microdistrict, it is necessary to develop an algorithm for the seasonal redistribution of alternative fuels for autonomous heat supply of the residential microdistrict.

The invention is based on the task of improving the method of thermal utilization of organic waste and the algorithm for using the obtained alternative types of fuel by introducing a new sequence of operations that reflect a new algorithm for the seasonal redistribution of the indicated types of fuel obtained in the combined technological cycle, which consists of the process of multi-circuit circulation pyrolysis without oxygen access and the gasification process with limited oxygen access. And due to the new redistribution of fuels by seasons, to ensure

Autonomous heat supply of this residential neighborhood during the year.

The essence of the claimed invention is that in the method of thermal utilization of organic waste with a seasonal algorithm of using the obtained alternative types of fuel in the heat supply of the microdistrict, in which, at the first stage, pyrolysis is carried out in a hermetic reactor without air access at a temperature of up to 980 7C with a multi-circuit circulation system, dry waste, which contains polymer components, with obtaining carbon residue and liquid fuel, and in the second stage, the solid hot carbon residue separated in the first stage is mixed with additional wet food waste and the mixture is gasified in case of insufficient oxygen in the gas generator, a hot generator is formed the gas is cooled to a temperature of 20-35 C, the condensed heavy resinous substance is separated from the water and fed to the first stage - pyrolysis, and the formed cooled pyrolysis gas is mixed with the cooled resin-free generator gas, the mixture of gases is sent to the consumer, according to the invention, in dispose of all organic waste collected in this residential microdistrict, and due to the seasonal redistribution of the obtained alternative types of fuel, provide autonomous heating and hot water supply of this microdistrict throughout the year, while the pyrolysis process is carried out at a temperature of 135-150 "С on the output circuit of the multi-circuit circulation system, and obtain liquid fuel with a flash point of 55-65 C, which is stored in tanks in the summer, and part of the chopped wood with a fraction of 5-15 mm is mixed with fallen tree leaves and stored in the sides, and in the winter to cover peak loads during heat supply stored liquid fuel is used, which is burned in additional burners of heat supply boilers, and a mixture of wood and fallen leaves accumulated in the sides is gasified in a two-zone gas generator to produce a larger amount of generator gas with an increased calorific value of up to 1250-1400 kcal/mu, which is burned in gas burners of increased p of starting capacity located in heat supply boilers. Before pyrolysis, used car tires, used lubricants, medical syringes, etc. are added to the composition of dry polymer components. Before gasification, the mixture of chopped wood and fallen leaves is additionally mixed with wet food waste and with the "tails" of pre-sorted solid household waste.

Revealing the cause-and-effect relationship between the essential features of the proposed 60 method and the achieved technical result, the following should be noted:

- signs: "...dispose of all organic waste collected in this residential neighborhood, and due to the seasonal redistribution of the obtained alternative types of fuel, provide autonomous heating and hot water supply of this neighborhood throughout the year, while the pyrolysis process is carried out at the temperature of the output circuit of the multi-circuit circulation system 135-150 "C, and liquid fuel with a flash point of 55-65 7C is obtained, which is stored in tanks in the summer, and part of the chopped wood with a fraction of 5-15 mm is mixed with fallen tree leaves and stored in the sides, and in the winter to cover peak loads during heat supply, accumulated liquid fuel is used, which is burned in additional burners of heat supply boilers, and a mixture of wood and fallen leaves accumulated in the sides is gasified in a two-zone gas generator to produce a larger amount of generator gas with an increased calorific value of up to 1250-1400 kcal/m3 , which is burned in gas furnaces of increased capacity located in the heat supply boilers..." are altogether new, which allow to ensure autonomous heat supply and hot water supply of this microdistrict throughout the year at the expense of alternative fuels obtained during the thermal utilization of all types of organic waste accumulated in the microdistrict. The peculiarity of the algorithm of seasonal use of alternative fuels is that since liquid fuel obtained during the year is easy to store in tanks, it is advisable to use it only in the winter period to cover peak loads. At the same time, the produced generator gas must be used immediately, since its preservation requires expensive equipment and additional energy consumption, which is not advisable. In this regard, the algorithm of seasonal use of alternative fuels provides for the accumulation of primary energy resources, such as chopped wood, tree leaves, etc. - signs: "... Before pyrolysis, worn car tires, used lubricants, medical syringes, etc. are added to the composition of dry polymer components. Before gasification, the mixture of chopped wood with fallen leaves is additionally mixed with wet food waste and with the "tails" of pre-sorted solid household waste. in aggregate, they are new, which allow to ensure the maximum collection of all organic waste, which exists in a limited amount in this microdistrict, which allows to produce the maximum number of alternative

Of the fuels necessary to ensure the autonomous heat supply and hot water supply of this microdistrict during the year when using in an environmentally safe mode alternative fuels obtained during the thermal utilization of organic waste collected in this microdistrict.

Thus, the set of essential features will allow in an ecologically safe and energy-saving mode to fully ensure autonomous heating and hot water supply of this microdistrict during the year, which, firstly, will improve the ecological situation in the microdistrict in terms of optimizing the management of solid household waste, the territory of the microdistrict will become clean, and secondly, the expenses of residents of this microdistrict for heating and hot water will decrease by 60-80 95.

The essence of the invention is explained by the drawings, where: - in fig. 1 presents a block diagram of organic waste flows in the neighborhood and the connections between the facilities where they are disposed of and the production of alternative fuels used in the boiler house; - in fig. 2 shows the structural diagram of seasonal redistribution of organic waste in the interaction of pyrolysis and gasification installations, to ensure this method; - in fig. C shows the statistical diagram of the heat load of the microdistrict for heating and hot water supply during the year; - Fig. 4 shows a diagram of the use of organic waste with the production of alternative fuels, which are used in the boiler house to cover the heat load in this neighborhood.

Flows marked with arrows: MSW - solid household waste; SV - dry organic waste; ВХВ - wet food waste; D - wood, tree branches; PD - chopped wood; OL - fallen tree leaves; X - "tails" of pre-sorted solid household waste; ZASH - worn car tires; M - used lubricants; MS - medical syringes and other medical waste;

PG - pyrolysis gas; PC - solid residue (pyrocarbon); HRV - a heavy resinous substance; ГГ - hot generator gas; HGO - cooled generator gas; PRP - furnace liquid fuel; OP - heat supply in winter; HV - hot heat supply throughout the year.

The installation for the implementation of this method (Fig. 2) contains a hermetic pyrolysis reactor 1, with an external heating system 2, and a hopper 3. Inside the reactor, an auger 4 with an electric drive 5 is mounted, and at the end of the reactor 1, in its lower part, there is a hopper b for removal solid residue (pyrocarbon), and its upper part is connected to the output condenser 7 with a nozzle 8 for removing liquid fuel. The bunker b is connected to the gas generator 9, which is equipped with a heat exchanger 10 for cooling the hot generator gas.

The method is carried out using the installation as follows:

Previously, solid household organic waste (MSW) and other organic waste were collected in this microdistrict (Fig. 1), which shows a block diagram of organic waste flows in the microdistrict, and the connections between facilities where they are disposed of with the production of alternative fuels, which are used in the boiler room. Accordingly, all collected organic waste, after sorting, is divided into four streams: dry waste stream (SW), wet stream (WWW), wood stream (D) and fallen leaves stream (OL). At the first stage, a multi-circuit circulation pyrolysis of dry waste (SW), which contains polymer components and other waste, is carried out, such as: worn car tires (SW), used lubricants (M), medical syringes and other medical waste (MS). Pyrolysis is carried out in a hermetic reactor 1 (Fig. 2) without access to air at a temperature of up to 980 C. Reactor 1 is heated by hot flue gases that pass through the chimney 2 from the burner (not shown in Fig. 2) in which the HGO generator gas is burned, or liquid fuel of light fractions of PRP. Dry and other organic wastes (SW, ЗАШ, M, МШ) are loaded into the hopper 3, then they are pushed through the reactor by an auger 4, which is rotated by an electric drive 5. During pyrolysis, a vapor-gas mixture is formed, which is fed to the output condenser 7, in which the vapor-gas mixture cool and partially condense with the formation of pyrolysis gas and liquid fraction, which are divided into two streams - pyrolysis gas (LPG) and liquid fuel of light fractions (LPF), in terms of its characteristics, are equal to furnace liquid fuel, which is removed through nozzle 8 and further accumulated in in separate containers (not shown in the figure). After pyrolysis, a solid residue is formed - pyrocarbon (PC), which in terms of its energy indicators can be equal to hard coal, which is poured into the hopper 6 through the auger 4 and then fed into the gas generator 9, which increases the energy balance of the total mass of raw materials, which gasified In the second stage, the solid hot carbon residue (HC) separated in the first stage is mixed with additional wet food waste (WWW) and with other waste, such as: shredded wood

Zo (PD), fallen leaves of trees (OL) and "tails" of pre-sorted solid household waste (X) and the mixture is gasified in the gas generator 9 in the absence of oxygen, the generated hot generator gas (GH) is cooled to a temperature of 20-35 "С in a heat exchanger 10, while the condensed toxic heavy resinous substance (HSR) is separated from water and fed to the first stage - pyrolysis in the reactor 17, where it is thermally decomposed into less toxic components. The formed pyrolysis gas (PG) is mixed with cooled tar-free generator gas (GHG ), the mixture of gases is sent to the consumer in the boiler room (Fig. 1). The algorithm for using the obtained alternative types of fuel consists in the fact that the liquid PRP fuel obtained during the utilization of the SV (Fig. 4) is accumulated in the tank in the summer months. Wood (D) from the forest park zones are crushed and chopped wood (PD) and fallen leaves (OL) are mixed and piled up in piles in warehouses (Fig. 1). At the same time, in the winter period, the obtained PRP is used as additional fuel o in the heat supply system. Thus, PRP is additionally burned in boiler burners, and the mixture of PD and OL from the warehouses is gasified, which provides an additional volume of produced generator gas, which is used as necessary to cover peak loads in the winter period. The boiler room provides warm water supply for heating (OP) of apartments and hot water supply (DHW) of the entire neighborhood (Fig. 1).

For example, let's consider the possibility of heating and hot water supply of a specific microdistrict that occupies a total area of 20 hectares, including a residential area with 6,000 residents located on 4 hectares and 16 hectares of forest park zone. Based on the established norms, the total capacity of heat supply and hot water supply of the neighborhood in the winter period is about 3460 kW, and in the summer period it is about 2232 kW (Fig. 3, 4). To cover the indicated capacities according to the traditional scheme, it is necessary to consume natural gas, 9276 m3/day in the winter period, and 5553 m3/day in the summer period. And since the calorific value of generator gas is 5-7 times lower compared to natural gas, the amount of it to cover these capacities will have to be increased, accordingly.

For the energy balance, we use the entire annual volume of solid waste accumulated in this neighborhood, based on the daily accumulation of 3.2 kilograms of solid waste per person, then the total amount of solid waste in the neighborhood will be 7,000 tons per year, of which 36.2-37 are dry waste ,7 bo, wet "tails" 54.3-56.55 96, wood waste 6,000 t/year, fallen tree leaves 4,000 t/year, 60 worn automobile tires 7.2 t/year, etc.

According to average statistical data, 1 kilogram of wet "tails" waste can be obtained on average of 2.0 m3 of generator gas. Thus, from the total amount of wet waste, we get 77,332 m3/day of generator gas, which is 8.34 times more in winter and 13.9 times more in summer compared to the calculated volume of natural gas, and taking into account that , that it is needed 5 times more, then its surplus will be 8.34-7-1.34 times and 13.9-7-6.9 times, respectively.

Based on the 3 seasons of heat supply of the microdistrict and the algorithm for the use of alternative types of fuel, this method provides for the production of the necessary volume of generator gas obtained from wet waste "tails" of MSW for hot water supply, while liquid fuel and part of wood waste and leaves, in the summer period, is accumulated and used to cover peak heat loads in winter.

Thus, the proposed method allows in an environmentally safe (|and energy-saving mode) to completely dispose of the entire volume of the organic part of solid household waste and, due to the proposed method with the algorithm of seasonal use of the obtained alternative types of fuel, to ensure autonomous heat supply and hot water supply of this neighborhood throughout the year. Use of alternative fuels obtained from own organic waste will improve the environmental situation in the microdistrict in terms of optimizing the management of solid household waste, the territory of the microdistrict will become clean, and the costs of residents of this microdistrict for heating and hot water will decrease by 6-80%.

Claims (3)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 25 1. A method of thermal utilization of organic waste with a seasonal algorithm for using the obtained alternative types of fuel in the heat supply of a microdistrict, in which, at the first stage, pyrolysis is carried out in a hermetic reactor without access to air at a temperature of up to 980 "С with a multi-circuit circulation system, dry waste, in in the composition of which there are polymer components, with the production of carbon residue and liquid fuel, and in the second stage 30, the solid hot carbon residue separated in the first stage is mixed with additional wet food waste and the mixture is gasified in the absence of oxygen in the gas generator, the formed hot generator gas is cooled to a temperature of 20 -35 "C, the condensed heavy resinous substance is separated from water and fed to the first stage - pyrolysis, and the formed cooled pyrolysis gas is mixed with cooled resin-free generator gas 35, the mixture of gases is sent to the consumer, which is distinguished by the fact that all organic night waste collected in this residential microdistrict, and due to the seasonal redistribution of the obtained alternative types of fuel, provide autonomous heat supply and hot water supply of this microdistrict throughout the year, while the pyrolysis process is carried out at a temperature of 135-150C on the output circuit of a multi-circuit 40 circulation system, and liquid is obtained fuel with a flash point of 55-65 "С, which is stored in tanks in the summer, and part of the chopped wood with a fraction of 5-15 mm is mixed with fallen tree leaves and stored in the sides, and in the winter period, the accumulated fuel is used to cover peak loads during heat supply liquid fuel, which is burned in additional burners of heat supply boilers, and a mixture of 45 wood and fallen leaves accumulated in the sides is gasified in a two-zone gas generator to produce a larger amount of generator gas with an increased calorific value of up to 1250-1400 kcal/m3, which is burned in gas burners of increased pass facilities located in heat supply boilers. 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that before pyrolysis, worn car tires, used lubricants, medical syringes, etc. are added to the dry polymer 50 components. 3. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that, before gasification, the mixture of chopped wood with fallen leaves is additionally mixed with wet food waste and with "tails" of pre-sorted solid household waste.