TWI832884B - 芳香族醯胺分散劑 - Google Patents
芳香族醯胺分散劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI832884B TWI832884B TW108130009A TW108130009A TWI832884B TW I832884 B TWI832884 B TW I832884B TW 108130009 A TW108130009 A TW 108130009A TW 108130009 A TW108130009 A TW 108130009A TW I832884 B TWI832884 B TW I832884B
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- dispersant
- salt
- acid
- acrylate
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- -1 NH 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 75
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/22—Amides or hydrazides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
- C09D5/027—Dispersing agents
-
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種聚合性芳香族醯胺分散劑;及一包括微粒固體、水性或極性有機媒質及聚合性芳香族醯胺分散劑的組成物,其中該分散劑具有至少一個三級醯胺連結基團,其經由該醯胺的羰基連接至一在其上具有殘餘的羧酸性基團之芳香環。本發明進一步提供一種用於研磨基料(millbases)、分散體、塗佈物及墨液的組成物。
Description
本發明係關於一種聚合性芳香族醯胺分散劑;及一包括微粒固體、水性媒質或極性有機媒質及一具有酸官能度的芳香環之聚合性分散劑之組成物,其中該芳香環經由醯胺鏈結化學連結至三級醯胺懸吊基團而連結至至少一個助溶鏈。本發明進一步提供一種用於研磨基料、分散體、塗佈物(包括塗料)及墨液的組成物。
諸如墨液、塗料及研磨基料的許多調配物需要有效的分散劑來將微粒固體均勻地分佈在水性或極性有機媒質中。對墨液來說,墨液製造商想要生產出高解析度及品質的印刷產品。印刷方法對迎合不斷擴大範圍的基底基材、樹脂及顏料之適應性係一挑戰。顏料分散體應該與所使用的不同調配物相容以保證最後塗佈物有好的黏附力及抗性。差的顏料分散體或穩定性可在該極性有機液體媒質或水性液體媒質中產生團聚或沈澱。
PCT專利公開案WO 2008/028954揭示出一種在極性及非極性有機媒質二者中之包括終端酸性基團的醯亞胺分散劑化合物,其中該分散劑化合物係由下列結構表示:
其中T係-(CH2
)3
-或-CH2
CH(CH3
)-;
R’係H、或選擇性經取代的C1-50
烴基(hydrocarbyl)、或選擇性經取代的C1-50
烴羰基(hydrocarbonyl);
Y係C2-4
-伸烷氧基;
x係2至90;及
q係1或2。
美國專利5,688,312揭示出一種包含著色劑及醯亞胺或雙醯亞胺的墨液組成物,其在溫度約125至180℃下具有黏度約1厘泊至10厘泊。該醯亞胺或雙醯亞胺可藉由讓酞酸酐及單或二胺反應而製備。該單胺可係例如十二烷胺或硬脂胺。該二胺可係1,12-十二烷二胺。
PCT專利公開案WO 2007/139980揭示出至少一種雙酐與至少二種彼此不同的反應物之反應產物,其中該反應物各者包括一級或二級胺基、羥基或硫醇官能基,及該反應物之至少一種係聚合性(polymeric)。該反應產物係在諸如墨液及塗佈物之組成物中有用。
美國專利6,440,207揭示出一種製備用於水性系統的分散型乾有機顏料之方法,其藉由:(a)研磨一包括下列的混合物:(1)一或多種有機顏料、(2)相對於該有機顏料,至少約1重量%之一或多種芳香族聚(環氧烷烴)(polyalkylene oxide)分散劑、(3)相對於該有機顏料,0至約10重量份之研磨液體,其中該有機顏料實質上不溶於該研磨液體、(4)相對於該有機顏料,0至約50重量%之一或多種除了分散劑(2)外的研磨添加劑、及(5)相對於該有機顏料,0至約20重量%之一或多種表面處理添加劑;(b)選擇性,將下列加入至該經研磨的顏料:(6)該有機顏料實質上不溶於其的一或多種液體,其量使得該總固體含量不會減少超過約10%、及(7)一或多種多價金屬鹽及/或一或多種四級銨鹽;及(c)分離該經研磨的有機顏料。該芳香族聚環氧烷烴分散劑可藉由在包括250克去離子水的壓力鍋中,讓19.8克(0.100莫耳)的1,8-萘二甲酸酐及105克(0.105莫耳)的Jeffamine™ XTJ-506(83重量%環氧乙烷、17重量%環氧丙烷)反應而製備。密封該壓力鍋、伴隨著攪拌加熱至150℃且維持在150℃下五小時。在該反應已經冷卻後,將所產生的棕色液體排進燒杯中,然後加入15克脫色木炭。在攪拌過夜後,過濾該懸浮液及以水清洗該濾餅,產生大約500克具有23.63%固體含量的琥珀色濾出物。該乾顏料可使用在以水為基底的塗料系統中。
美國專利公開案2008/0202382描述出將聚醚甲基丙烯酸酯與聚胺之Michael反應使用於超細粒子的分散體。該發明係關於一種用於有機分散體的胺分散劑及包括此分散劑之塗佈組成物。
美國專利公開案2015/112020描述出使用稠合的芳香族醯亞胺懸吊基團作為用於顏料分散劑之錨定物,其係由下列結構表示:
其中R1
係在Q環之任何可得以鍵結至取代基的位置上之取代基,且其各自獨立地由至少一個吸電子基團表示;a係1或2。W係氧、硫、NH或NG。R2
係C1-20
伸烴基或C1-20
伸烴羰基(hydrocarbonylene),其中R2
包括多於2個碳原子且可係線性或分枝。R3
係H、或鍵結至該聚合物鏈的終端氧原子而形成終端醚或酯之選擇性經取代的C1-50
烴基。Pol係環氧乙烷的同元聚合物鏈或環氧乙烷的共聚物鏈,其中該環氧乙烷構成該由聚醚或聚酯組成的共聚物鏈之40重量%至99.99重量%。
本發明的一個目標為提供一種分散劑,其能提供具有碳黑及無機顏料之低黏度膠體穩定分散體。藉由提供更大的膠體穩定性,可改良色度、其它著色性質、增加微粒固體負載、形成改良的分散體、具有改良的亮度、製造具有降低黏度的組成物、維持穩定的分散體、降低粒子尺寸及降低粒子尺寸分佈、降低霧值、改良光澤、改良色度及增加噴射性(jetness)(特別是當該組成物係黑色時)。本發明之組成物亦可在周圍儲存及高溫儲存條件下呈膠體穩定。
我們最近發現,首先讓一級胺終端的助溶鏈諸如聚醚胺與一如晚後描述的丙烯酸酯或環氧化物,然後芳香族之酐反應係有益的,因為此可僅形成醯胺(及非醯亞胺)。在該芳香環上所產生的自由態羧基明顯提高在除了有機及碳黑顏料外之無機顏料上的分散性能。芳香族醯胺官能基分散劑
一種包含具有下列結構的分散劑聚合物之分散劑或其鹽:
式I
n在每種分散劑聚合物中各自獨立地係1或2,如此該分散劑可係分散劑之摻合物,其中在該分散劑分子中,n有時係1及n有時係2,及m係等於n,如此若n係1時,m係1;及若n係2時,m係2;
R1
各自獨立地係CN、NO2
、Cl、Br、CH3
、NH2
或OH;其中a可係0至4,及更佳為0、1、2或4;
R2
係H、或選擇性經取代的C1-50
烴基、或選擇性經取代的C1-50
烴羰基;
G係選擇性經雜原子諸如O或N取代的C1-50
烴基,其係表示出如為醚、酯、醛、酮、醯胺、胺基甲酸酯、醇或羧酸基團、或選擇性經取代的(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯或(甲基)丙烯醯胺之殘基(所列舉的反應性物種之化學反應的預計反應及/或聚合產物)、或下式的環氧化物之開環產物:
其中在每個狀況中,R6
可各別地係H、CH3
、C2
H5
、或下列基團之一:
其中D係C1-5
烷基、CN、OH、NO2
、NH2
、鹵素、CO2
H、SO3
H、CH3
或OCH3
;及p係0至4;
R3
係線性或分枝的C1-50
及較佳為C1-20
烷基;
其中T係-C(O)-CH(R4
)CH2
或C1-5
烴基鏈;
當G係C1-50
烴基時,T係-C(O)-CH(R4
)CH2
;
當G係丙烯酸酯或環氧化物的殘基(所列舉的反應性物種之化學反應的預計反應及/或聚合產物)時,T係C1-5
烴基鏈;
R4
係H或Me,較佳為H;
Y在每個重覆單元中各自獨立地係C2-4
伸烷氧基;
Q係包含一或多個芳香環(最高三或四個環)的伸烴基,其選擇性經R1
取代,若存在有二個芳香環時,其係選擇性稠合,Q可以基於苯基、聯苯或稠合的芳香環諸如萘。在一個具體實例中,Q可以基於接附至一個醯胺鏈結的苯環。在一個較佳的具體實例中,Q係基於接附至一個醯胺鏈結的萘環。該接附至Q的羧酸基團係接附至Q的芳香環之碳原子;及
x係2至90。
本發明提供一種分散劑;及一包含該分散劑、微粒固體(諸如顏料或充填劑)及水性或極性有機媒質之組成物;及該微粒、分散劑及連續媒質作為研磨基料、墨液、塗佈物(塗料)等等的用途。若使用作為塗佈物時,該組成物可選擇性包括黏著劑。
該由(Y)x
表示的聚合物鏈可具有數量平均分子量100至10,000、或100至5,000、或300至3,000、或400至2,500。
該預先製備的聚合物鏈之數量平均分子量可藉由GPC分析測定。該臨場製備,即,該聚合物鏈係自該起始物種(起始劑)基團生長出的聚合物之數量平均分子量可藉由測定其聚合程度(DP)來計算,其中該聚合程度係與單體[M]及起始劑[I](該起始劑係該稠合的芳香族酐衍生出之中間物)之比率呈比例,及藉由式DP=[M]/[I]來計算。使用核磁共振(NMR)之分析可使用來測定該聚合程度,因此以計算該分子的聚合基團或聚合物片段之數量平均分子量。
伸烴基之定義。如於本文中所使用,用語「伸烴基」係就該用語的一般意義使用及意欲包括從烴移除二個氫原子所形成之任何二價基團。在本發明的上下文中,用語「烴基」或「伸烴基」指示為一具有碳原子直接接附至該分子的剩餘部分且具有烴或顯著烴特徵之基團。此基團包括下列:(1)純粹烴基團,也就是說,脂肪族(例如,烷基或烯基)、脂環族(例如,環烷基或環烯基)、芳香族、經脂肪族及脂環族取代的芳香族、經芳香族取代的脂肪族及脂環族基團、及其類似基團、和該環係經由該分子的另一部分完成之環狀基團(也就是說,任何二個所指示出的取代基可一起形成一脂環族基團)。其實施例包括甲基、乙基、辛基、癸基、十八烷基、環己基、苯基等等。(2)經取代的烴基團,也就是說,包括不改變該基團的顯著烴特徵之非烴取代基的基團。熟習該項技術者將察覺合適的取代基。其實施例包括羥基、硝基、氰基、烷氧基、醯基等等。(3)雜基團,也就是說,在由碳原子構成的鏈或環中包括除了碳及氫外的原子,同時具有顯著烴特徵之基團。將由熟習該項技術者明瞭合適的雜原子,及其包括例如氮、氧及硫。
如於本文中所使用,用語「伸烴羰基」意欲包括任何包含羰基(>C=O)的烴基團,例如,包括酮基團或醛基團的烴基團。典型來說,該伸烴羰基可包括-(CH2
)5
-C(O)-、-(CH2
)4
-C(O)-、-(CH2
)3
-C(O)-或-(CH2
)2
-C(O)-。如於本文中所使用,參照的伸烴基或伸烴羰基可係線性或分枝及飽和或不飽和。
所揭示出的分散劑或其鹽包含一具有下列結構之分散劑聚合物:
式I
n在每種分散劑聚合物中各自獨立地係1或2,如此該分散劑可係分散劑之摻合物,其中在該分散劑分子中,n有時係1及n有時係2,及m係等於n,如此若n係1時,m係1;及若n係2時,m係2;
R1
各自獨立地係CN、NO2
、Cl、Br、CH3
、NH2
或OH;其中a可係0至4,及更佳為0、1、2或4;
R2
係H、或選擇性經取代的C1-50
烴基、或選擇性經取代的C1-50
烴羰基;
G係選擇性經雜原子諸如O或N取代的C1-50
烴基,其係表示出如為醚、酯、醛、酮、醯胺、胺基甲酸酯、醇或羧酸基團、或選擇性經取代的(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯或(甲基)丙烯醯胺之殘基(所列舉的反應性物種之化學反應的預計反應及/或聚合產物)、或下式的環氧化物之開環產物:
其中在每個狀況中,R6
可各別地係H、CH3
、C2
H5
、或下列基團之一:
其中D係C1-5
烷基、CN、OH、NO2
、NH2
、鹵素、CO2
H、SO3
H、CH3
或OCH3
;及p係0至4;
R3
係線性或分枝的C1-50
及較佳為C1-20
烷基;
其中T係-C(O)-CH(R4
)CH2
或C1-5
烴基鏈;
當G係C1-50
烴基時,T係-C(O)-CH(R4
)CH2
;
當G係丙烯酸酯或環氧化物的殘基(所列舉的反應性物種之化學反應的預計反應及/或聚合產物)時,T係C1-5
烴基鏈;
R4
係H或Me,較佳為H;
Y在每個重覆單元中各自獨立地係C2-4
伸烷氧基;
Q係包含一或多個芳香環(最高三或四個環)的伸烴基,其選擇性經R1
取代,若存在有二個芳香環時,其係選擇性稠合,Q可以基於苯基、聯苯或稠合的芳香環諸如萘。在一個具體實例中,Q可以基於接附至一個醯胺鏈結的苯環。在一個較佳的具體實例中,Q係基於接附至一個醯胺鏈結的萘環。該接附至Q的羧酸基團係接附至Q的芳香環之碳原子;及
其中在該式中的任何酸之氫可由金屬、胺或銨陽離子置換以讓該分散劑呈鹽形式;及
x係2至90。金屬、胺或銨意謂著鹼土金屬(例如,K、Li、Na)、鹼土金屬(例如,Mg及Ca)、可溶於水的胺(意謂著可在25℃下以5重量%或較高的濃度溶於水中之胺)及氫氧化銨。具體實例 1a
在聚醚胺與(甲基)丙烯酸酯間之反應 具體實例 2a
在聚醚胺與環氧化物間之反應 具體實例 3a
在烷基胺與聚醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯間之反應
下列係在該氮係與該芳香環的羧酸基團反應而形成醯胺鏈結之前,加入至該醯胺鏈結之氮原子的單元之結構。*代表所顯示出的結構接附至氮原子之點。這些結構係衍生自進一步顯示在下列的不飽和單體(諸如,多種丙烯酸酯)。
Z係-OH、-N(R7
)2
(其中在每個狀況中,R7
各別地係C1-5
烷基)、C3-6
環烷基、碳及氧及/或氮之5、6或7個原子雜環、或酸基團諸如CO2
H、SO3
H、OPO3
H2
;U係O或NH;w係1至20,較佳為1至10及最佳為1-5。D及p係如先前定義,及x1
係1至50及更想要為1至20的整數。當該用以分散微粒的媒質係或包括大量極性有機溶劑時,對w來說,1至20的值係較佳。當該用以分散微粒的媒質係水時,對w來說,1至5的值係較佳。
該將形成G的單體之實施例係如下,其中U係O或NH;R2
係H、或選擇性經取代的C1-50
烴基、或選擇性經取代的C1-50
烴羰基;R3
係線性或分枝的C1-50
及較佳為C1-20
烷基;R4
係H或CH3
;R5
係H、或甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基或苯基;及x1
係1至20。D係C1-5
烷基、CN、OH、NO2
、NH2
、鹵素、CO2
H、SO3
H、CH3
及OCH3
;及p係0至4。
該將形成G的環氧化物之實施例係如下:
其中在每個狀況中,R6
可各別地係H、CH3
、C2
H5
或下列基團:
其中D係C1-5
烷基、CN、OH、NO2
、NH2
、鹵素、CO2
H、SO3
H、CH3
或OCH3
;及p係0至4。這些環氧化物的實例顯示如下。
該分散劑可具有下列結構:
式IIa
式IIb
式IIc
式IIIa
式IIIb
式IVa
式IVb
式V
其中R6
可係R2
、選擇性經取代的苯環、R3
-CO2
H基團、至選擇性經取代的苯環之醚鏈結、或至選擇性經取代的萘稠合芳香環結構之醚鏈結。
Q係一包含至少一個及最高3或4個芳香環(其可選擇性稠合在一起)的有機結構及可以基於苯基、聯苯或稠合的芳香環諸如萘。在一個具體實例中,Q可係衍生自酞酸酐的單一苯環。用於該分散劑的起始材料可係四氯酞酸酐或四溴酞酸酐。
Q可以萘、蒽、菲或其混合物為主。在一個具體實例中,Q可以基於萘。典型來說,Q-(R1
)a
係基於硝基-萘及係衍生自硝基-萘二甲酸酐。當Q係基於萘時,該式I的聚合物鏈可具有萘醯胺基團,諸如1,2-萘酸醯胺、1,2-萘醯胺酸、2,3-萘醯胺酸、1,8-萘醯胺酸基團或其混合物。
該將形成Q的酐之實施例係如下,其中R1
係CN、NO2
、Cl、Br、CH3
、NH2
及OH。要注意的是,R1
可存在於任何該芳香環之上。
當Q係基於蒽時,該式I的聚合物鏈可具有1,2-蒽酸醯胺、1,2-蒽醯胺酸、2,3-蒽酸醯胺、1,9-蒽酸醯胺或1,9-蒽醯胺酸基團、或其混合物。當Q係基於菲時,該式I的聚合物鏈可具有2,3-菲酸醯胺、2,3-菲醯胺酸、1,2-菲酸醯胺、1,2-菲醯胺酸、3,4-菲醯胺酸、3,4-菲酸醯胺、1,10-菲酸醯胺或1,10-菲醯胺酸基團、或其混合物。
在一個具體實例中,典型來說,Q係基於1,8-萘酐、或2,3-萘酐、或其混合物。該分散劑可衍生自萘酐,諸如4-硝基-1,8-萘二甲醯胺、或3-硝基-1,8-萘二甲醯胺(當一個R1
=NO2
時)、或4-氯-1,8-萘二甲醯胺(當一個R1
=Cl時)基團。
R1
可係吸電子、或供體(諸如,-NO2
基團或鹵基,典型為-Cl)、或其混合物。當R1
係吸電子時,R1
可相對於該醯胺基團係間-取代、或對-取代、或其混合物。在一個具體實例中,該R1
可相對於該醯胺基團係間-取代。在本發明的聚合物鏈之製備期間,該稠合的芳香族醯胺可在Q的3-及/或4-位置上具有取代。
該結構可藉由一方法來製備,其包含讓Michael受體諸如丙烯酸酯或經官能基取代的丙烯酸酯,與親核性聚合物鏈諸如聚醚胺反應而形成二級胺,然後讓該二級胺與芳香族二酸或酐諸如2,3-萘二甲酸酐反應,以形成本發明所顯示的三級醯胺及結構。可在足以活化的高溫例如0℃至150℃、或50℃至200℃下進行該第一步驟,Michael反應。在足以醯胺化的高溫例如至少50℃、或50℃至120℃下進行該反應之形成該三級醯胺的第二步驟。
該結構可藉由一方法來製備,其包含讓聚合性丙烯酸酯諸如MPEG丙烯酸酯反應,然後與親核性脂肪族胺反應而形成二級胺,及讓該二級胺與芳香族二酸或酐諸如2,3-萘二甲酸酐反應,以形成本發明所顯示出的三級醯胺及結構。該第一步驟Michael反應可在足以活化的高溫例如0℃至150℃、或50℃至200℃下進行。該第二步驟形成該三級醯胺之反應係在足以醯胺化的高溫例如至少50℃、或50℃至120℃下進行。
該結構可藉由一方法製備,其包含讓丙烯酸羥基酯諸如丙烯酸羥乙酯反應,然後與親核性脂肪族胺反應而形成二級胺,及讓該二級胺與芳香族二酸或酐反應而形成該三級醯胺。然後,讓該產物與環狀酯諸如己內酯反應及聚合以形成該聚合物鏈。該第一步驟Michael反應可在足以活化的高溫例如0℃至150℃、或50℃至200℃下進行。該第二步驟形成該三級醯胺之反應係在足以醯胺化的高溫例如至少50℃、或50℃至120℃下進行。可在足以聚合的高溫例如至少100℃至200℃下進行該聚合。具體實例 1- 含有聚醚鏈的芳香族醯胺官能基分散劑
在具體實例1中,聚醚胺係經由Michael反應與(甲基)丙烯酸酯(選擇性經取代)反應而產生二級胺,然後讓該二級胺與芳香族酐反應。此係由式IIa、IIb、IIc、IIIa、IIIb、IVa及IVb涵蓋。
R3
係選擇性經取代的C1-50
(或C1-20
)烴基,其鍵結至該聚合物鏈的終端氧原子而形成終端醚;或C1-50
(或C1-20
)烴羰基(即,包括羰基的烴基),其鍵結至該聚合物鏈之氧原子而形成終端酯基團或終端胺基甲酸酯基團,及該取代基可係鹵基、醚、酯或其混合物。
R5
可係H、或H(呈足以提供環氧乙烷基團之量,在40重量%至99.99重量%下)與甲基、乙基及苯基之至少一種的混合物。該選擇性經取代的(甲基)丙烯酸酯可係下列顯示出的那些之任何,其中該些變數係如先前定義。
聚醚胺與(甲基)丙烯酸然後與芳香族酐之反應,例如,Surfonamine® L207與丙烯酸然後與2,3-萘二甲酸酐之反應。聚醚胺與(甲基)丙烯酸三級胺基烷酯然後與芳香族酐之反應,例如,Surfonamine® L200與丙烯酸二甲基胺基乙酯然後與1,2-萘二甲酸酐之反應。
聚醚胺與(甲基)丙烯酸烷酯然後芳香族酐之反應,例如,Surfonamine® L200與丙烯酸丁酯然後與1,2-萘二甲酸酐之反應。
該聚醚可具有數量平均分子量100至10,000、100至5,000、或300至3,000、或400至2,500。該聚醚胺可藉由下列製備:讓單醇起始劑僅與環氧乙烷或與環氧乙烷及環氧丙烷之混合物反應而形成醇終止的聚合物鏈,接著將該醇終止的聚合物鏈轉變成胺。該聚醚胺可藉由胺基醇之烷氧基化而獲得,如描述在美國專利5,879,445中(特別是揭示在第2欄第50行至第7欄第50行中)。
對水性分散體(50-100%水)來說,該聚醚可係例如環氧乙烷與環氧丙烷之共聚物。該聚醚可衍生自:
0至60重量%環氧丙烷及40至100重量%環氧乙烷;或
0至50重量%環氧丙烷及50至100重量%環氧乙烷;或
0至30重量%環氧丙烷及70至100重量%環氧乙烷;或
0至20重量%環氧丙烷及80至100重量%環氧乙烷;或
0至15重量%環氧丙烷及85至100重量%環氧乙烷。
該聚醚胺可商業購得,如來自Huntsman Corporation的Surfonamine®胺類。Surfonamine®胺類的特定實施例有L-100(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷混合比率3/19)、及L-207(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷混合比率10/33)、L-200(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷混合比率4/41)、及L-300(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷混合比率8/58)。在圓括號中的數字係環氧丙烷及環氧乙烷的各別大約重覆單元。
對極性有機媒質基底的分散體來說,該聚醚可衍生自:
0至60重量%環氧乙烷及40至100重量%環氧丙烷;或
0至50重量%環氧乙烷及50至100重量%環氧丙烷;或
0至30重量%環氧乙烷及70至100重量%環氧丙烷;或
0至20重量%環氧乙烷及80至100重量%環氧丙烷;或
0至15重量%環氧乙烷及85至100重量%環氧丙烷。具體實例 2- 含有聚醚鏈的芳香族醯胺官能基分散劑
在具體實例2中,聚伸烷基二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯係與一級胺反應,然後與芳香族酐反應。該一級胺反應物可係具有數量平均分子量100至10,000,更想要為400至2,500之聚醚胺,其包括環氧烷烴單元諸如環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷、環氧丁烷及苯基環氧乙烷(styrene oxide);任擇地,該一級胺可係較低分子量的非聚合性胺,諸如線性、分枝、環狀及甚至芳香族,其包括具有1至50,更想要為1至20個碳原子的烴基或烴羰基,及包括一或二個(更想要為僅一個)一級胺及最高一或二個二級胺或其它含氮基團諸如醯胺鏈結。想要的是,該一級胺反應物可包括其它雜原子諸如氧及氮(及選擇性硫),其量為每個一級胺分子最高每種4個雜原子氧、氮及選擇性硫。在一個較佳的具體實例中,該一級胺係聚醚胺,諸如先前討論的Surfonamine®聚醚胺。在另一個較佳的具體實例中,該一級胺係除了該一級胺的氮外沒有雜原子之烷基胺。在另一個較佳的具體實例中,該一級胺係包括C1-20
的胺基羧酸及可包括其它雜原子諸如氧及氮(及選擇性硫)。在另一個較佳的具體實例中,該一級胺係包括C1-20
的胺基醇及可包括其它雜原子諸如氧及氮(及選擇性硫)。在另一個較佳的具體實例中,該一級胺係包括C1-20
的芳香族胺及可包括其它雜原子諸如氧及氮(及選擇性硫)。
其實施例有丁基胺與Mn 1000之聚(乙二醇)(甲基)丙烯酸酯反應,接著與芳香族酐反應。具體實例 3- 含有聚醚鏈的芳香族醯胺官能基分散劑
在具體實例3中,聚伸烷基二醇(甲基)丙烯酸酯係與聚醚胺反應,然後與芳香族酐反應。
實施例將係Surfonamine® L100與Mn 350之聚(乙二醇)丙烯酸酯反應,然後與3-硝基-1,8-萘二甲酸酐反應。具體實例 4- 含有聚酯鏈的芳香族醯胺官能基分散劑
在具體實例4中,聚醚胺係與環氧化物(如先前定義)反應以產生二級胺,然後讓其與芳香族酐反應。實施例將係Surfonamine® L207與1,2-環氧基-3-苯氧基丙烷反應,然後與1,8-萘二甲酸酐反應。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種聚合物,其包含具有至少一個接附至具有懸吊的酸官能度之芳香基團的芳香族三級醯胺連結基團及聚醚基團及G基團之聚合物鏈,其中該聚合物係由式I表示。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種聚合物,其包含具有至少一個接附至具有懸吊的羧酸官能度之芳香基團的芳香族三級醯胺連結基團及聚醚基團與聚酯基團二者之聚合物鏈,其中該聚合物係由式I表示。
對聚合上述聚酯基團有用的內酯之實施例包括β-丙內酯、γ-丁內酯、選擇性經烷基取代的ε-己內酯及選擇性經烷基取代的δ-戊內酯。該在ε-己內酯及δ-戊內酯中的烷基取代基可係C1-6
-烷基或C1-4
-烷基,及可係線性或分枝。合適的內酯之實施例有ε-己內酯、及己內酯或戊內酯的7-甲基-、2-甲基-、3-甲基-、5-甲基-、6-甲基-、4-甲基-、5-三級丁基-、4,4,6-三甲基-及4,6,6-三甲基-類似物。
該酯化觸媒可係先前技藝知曉之任何者及包括辛酸錫(II);鈦酸四烷酯,例如,鈦酸四丁酯;有機酸的鋅鹽,例如,醋酸鋅;脂肪族醇的鋯鹽,例如,異丙氧化鋯;甲苯磺酸或強有機酸,諸如三氟醋酸或磷酸。
該方法可在由週期表的任何惰性氣體所提供之惰性環境中進行,但是典型為氮。該方法可在熔融下,或於溶劑存在或缺乏下進行。該溶劑可係非極性溶劑(諸如,芳香族或脂肪族化合物)、極性有機溶劑或水。該溶劑係在技藝中熟知。
在一個具體實例中,本發明的聚合物(典型由式I表示)係藉由包含下列步驟的方法獲得/可獲得,步驟(1):讓Michael受體諸如丙烯酸酯,與親核性聚合物鏈諸如聚醚胺的氮原子反應而形成聚醚二級胺;步驟(2):讓該聚醚二級胺與芳香族二酸或酐諸如2,3-萘二甲酸酐反應,以在該芳香族酸與該聚醚間形成該三級醯胺連接基團。
在上述具體實例中,該第一步驟可在溫度約0℃至150℃,更想要為約30℃至80℃下進行;及該第二步驟形成該三級醯胺之反應可在溫度約0℃至120℃及更佳為約30℃至80℃下進行。
在一個具體實例中,本發明的聚合物(典型由式I表示)係藉由一包含下列步驟的方法獲得/可獲得,步驟(1):讓具有不飽和丙烯酸酯官能度的聚合性丙烯酸酯巨單體諸如MPEG丙烯酸酯,與親核性脂肪族胺反應而形成MPEG官能化的二級胺;及
步驟(2):讓該來自步驟(1)之MPEG官能化的二級胺與芳香族二酸或酐諸如2,3-萘二甲酸酐反應,以從該二酸或酐的酸基團之一形成該三級醯胺鏈結而將該MPEG連接至該芳香族二酸現在為酸/醯胺,其中該第一步驟Michael反應可在溫度約0℃至150℃,更想要為約30℃至80℃下進行;該第二步驟形成該三級醯胺之反應係在用以醯胺化的溫度約0℃至120℃,及更想要為約30℃至80℃下進行。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種組成物,其包含微粒固體、水性媒質或極性有機媒質、及式I之具有至少一個三級醯胺懸吊基團的分散劑,其中該分散劑係由上述定義的式I表示。該組成物可係研磨基料、塗佈物(塗料)或墨液。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種組成物,其包含微粒固體、水性媒質或極性有機媒質、根據式I之分散劑及黏著劑。在一個具體實例中,該黏著劑可係聚環氧化物、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚醯胺、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚酯、纖維素或醇酸樹脂。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種組成物,其包含微粒固體、水性媒質或極性有機媒質、及具有至少一個三級醯胺連結基團的分散劑,其中該分散劑係由上述式I表示;其中該組成物進一步包含一黏著劑。在一個具體實例中,該黏著劑可係纖維素(諸如硝基纖維素)、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚酯或聚醯胺。
於本文中所揭示出在本發明之組成物中的微粒固體可係顏料或充填劑。在一個具體實例中,該顏料可係有機顏料;在一個具體實例中,該顏料可係無機顏料;及在一個具體實例中,該顏料可係碳黑。在本揭示中,該無機型式或碳黑的微粒係較佳。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種塗佈物(塗料)或墨液,其包含微粒固體、水性媒質或極性有機媒質、膜形成樹脂及本發明於此揭示出的分散劑。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種塗佈物(塗料)或墨液,其包含微粒固體、極性有機媒質、膜形成樹脂及本發明於此揭示出的分散劑。
當該組成物係墨液時,該墨液可係噴墨用墨液、柔版印刷用墨液、膠版印刷用墨液或凹版印刷用墨液。該墨液可係可輻射硬化墨液。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種組成物,其包含由上述定義的式I表示之分散劑、無機顏料(及/或碳黑)及黏著劑。該黏著劑可選自於由下列所組成之群:纖維素、聚丙烯酸系、聚酯、聚醚、聚胺基甲酸酯、醇酸樹脂及聚醯胺。該組成物可使用在用於印刷方法諸如柔性版印刷方法的墨液;或噴墨墨液,諸如可輻射硬化、非衝擊及按需滴落(drop on demand)中。
本發明的分散劑可以該組成物的總重量之0.1重量%至79.6重量%、或0.5重量%至30重量%、或1重量%至25重量%之量範圍存在於本文所揭示出的組成物中。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種分散劑聚合物的用途,其中該分散劑聚合物係由上述定義的式I表示而作為在本文所揭示出的組成物中之分散劑。
在一個具體實例中,本發明提供一種由上述定義的式I表示之分散劑的用途,其係作為在使用碳黑及無機顏料之至少一種的墨液組成物中之分散劑。該墨液組成物可具有降低的粒子尺寸及降低的粒子尺寸分佈(典型為降低至平均150奈米或較小)、降低的霧值、改良的光澤、增加的噴射性(特別是當該組成物係黑色時)及在周圍儲存及高溫儲存條件下穩定之至少一種。
不由理論界限,咸信該作為懸吊基團的芳香族醯胺可作用為在本發明的分散劑與微粒固體(諸如選自於無機顏料及/或碳黑的顏料)間之錨定基團。
該胺基羧酸(或胺基酸)可係胺基-C2-20
-伸烷(烯)基羧酸及可或可不包括多於一個羧酸基團及可或可不包括多於一個胺基。該胺基羧酸可或可不包括含雜原子的其它基團諸如羥基或硫醇基團。該伸烷(烯)基可係線性或分枝。該胺基羧酸的伸烷(烯)基包括不多於12個碳原子。特定實施例包括11-胺基十一酸、12-胺基十二酸、6-胺基己酸、4-胺基丁酸、天冬胺酸、麩胺酸、離胺酸、天冬醯胺酸、麩醯胺酸、蘇胺酸、絲胺酸、半胱胺酸、β-丙胺酸、甘胺酸及肌胺酸。可使用胺基羧酸之混合物。
在Q內所定義之4n+2 π電子的技術特徵係由熟練人士熟知如為Hückel定則。典型來說,n可等於2(即,π電子的數目為10)或3(即,π電子的數目為14)。在一個具體實例中,n可等於2。
典型來說,Q包含一或多個衍生自芳香族二或四羧酸或其酐之芳香環(選擇性稠合)或其混合物。R1
各自獨立地係CN、NO2
、Cl、Br、CH3
、NH2
或OH,其中a可係0至4。
R2
可係烷基或選擇性經取代的烷基,其中該烷基係線性或分枝。
由R2
定義的烷基包括甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、庚基、2-乙基己基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基、十八烷基、十九烷基、二十烷基或其混合物。在一個具體實例中,R2
可衍生自烷醇。
R3
可各自獨立地係選擇性經取代的C1-50
,更想要為C1-20
烴基,諸如烷基。
該聚醚胺可商業購得,如來自Huntsman Corporation的Surfonamine®胺類。Surfonamine®胺類的特定實施例有L-100(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷混合比率3/19)、及L-207(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷混合比率10/32)、L-200(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷混合比率3/41)、及L-300(環氧丙烷對環氧乙烷混合比率8/58)。在圓括號中的數字係環氧丙烷及環氧乙烷的各別大約重覆單元。
在式I中,該整數y係如此R2
-O-(Y)x
-T-N鏈可具有數量平均分子量100至10,000、或100至5,000、或300至3,000、或400至2,500。
上述反應係如何製得該懸吊的聚醚鏈,其中在上述方法中的環氧乙烷可於鹼諸如氫氧化鉀或氫氧化鈉存在下,在溫度100℃至200℃下進行。
在式I及II、III、IV及IV及其子集中,該分散劑可形成用於富水有機媒質,其中該聚醚包括至少60重量%至100重量%的環氧乙烷;任擇地,在該分散劑係形成用於極性有機媒質的具體實例中,其中該聚醚包括至少40重量%至60重量%的環氧乙烷。
典型來說,對水性媒質分散劑來說,該式I的(Y)x
包括60重量%至100重量%、70重量%至100重量%、或80重量%至100重量%、或100重量%的環氧乙烷;及0重量%至40重量%、或0重量%至30重量%、或0重量%至20重量%、或0重量%的環氧丙烷,以(Y)x
之重量為基準。
本發明的聚合物可具有多重聚合物鏈型式接附至由式IVa、IVb所表示。
式I或其任何子式之聚合物鏈可具有數量平均分子量200至10,000、或300至5,000、或500至3,000、或600至2,500。典型來說,式I或其任何子式之聚合物鏈可具有數量平均分子量1,000至2,500。
工業應用
存在於該組成物中的微粒固體可係任何無機或有機固體材料,其在所關心的溫度下實質上不溶於有機媒質及/或不溶於水且想要以細微分開的形式穩定在其中。該微粒固體可呈粒狀材料、纖維、小板形式、或呈粉末、經常為吹粉(blown powder)形式。在一個具體實例中,該微粒固體係顏料。
該微粒固體(典型為顏料或充填劑)的直徑可藉由光散射測量來度量,其具有平均粒子尺寸10奈米至10微米、或10奈米至1、2、3或5微米、或20奈米至1、2、3或5微米。
合適的固體之實施例有用於塗料及塑膠材料之顏料、增量劑、充填劑、吹泡劑及阻燃劑;染料,特別是分散染料;光學增亮劑及紡織助劑;用於墨液、調色劑的顏料;用於油基底及逆向乳液鑽泥的固體;在乾洗流體中的污物及固體粒子;金屬;用於陶瓷、壓電陶瓷印刷、耐火材料、研磨料、鑄造、電容器、燃料電池、鐵磁流體、導電墨液、磁記錄媒體、水處理及烴土壤復育之微粒陶瓷材料及磁性材料;有機及無機奈米分散固體;用於電池的電極之金屬、金屬氧化物及碳;纖維,諸如木頭、紙、玻璃、鋼;用於複合材料的碳及硼;及施用在有機媒質中如為分散體之滅菌劑、農用化學品及藥物。
在一個具體實例中,該固體係來自任何已認可的顏料種類之有機顏料,例如,在Third Edition of the Color Index(1971)及隨後的修訂本及其補遺之章節標題「Pigments」中所描述。該有機顏料的實施例有來自下列的那些:偶氮、雙偶氮、三偶氮、縮合偶氮(condensed azo)、偶氮色澱(azo lakes)、萘酚顏料、 蒽嵌蒽醌、蒽嘧啶、蒽醌、苯并咪唑酮、咔唑、二酮吡咯并吡咯、黃士酮、靛藍類顏料、陰丹士林、異聯苯并蒽酮、異陰丹士林、異吲哚啉酮、異吲哚啉、異紫蒽酮、金屬錯合物顏料、 、苝、紫蘇酮(perinone)、皮蒽酮、吡唑并喹唑酮、喹吖酮、醌酞酮、硫靛、三芳基顏料、三苯二 (triphendioxazine)、 ;及酞青系列,特別是酞青銅及其核經鹵化的衍生物;及亦酸、鹼及媒染染料的沈澱色料。雖然嚴格來說碳黑係無機物,但其在分散性質上的表現更類似有機顏料。在一個具體實例中,該有機顏料有酞青類,特別是酞青銅類、單偶氮類、雙偶氮類、陰丹士林類、蒽嵌蒽醌類、喹吖酮類、二酮吡咯并吡咯類、苝類及碳黑類。
該無機顏料的實施例包括金屬氧化物,諸如二氧化鈦、金紅石二氧化鈦及表面塗佈的二氧化鈦、不同顏色諸如黃色及黑色的氧化鈦;不同顏色諸如黃色、紅色、棕色及黑色的氧化鐵;氧化鋅、氧化鋯類、氧化鋁;氧基金屬(oxymetallic)化合物,諸如釩酸鉍、鋁酸鈷、錫酸鈷、鋅酸鈷、鉻酸鋅;及錳、鎳、鈦、鉻、銻、鎂、鈷、鐵或鋁之二或更多種的混合金屬氧化物;普魯士藍、鉛丹、群青、磷酸鋅、硫化鋅、鈣及鋅的鉬酸鹽及鉻酸鹽;金屬效果顏料,諸如薄鋁片、銅及銅/鋅合金;珠光薄片,諸如碳酸鉛及氯氧化鉍。
該無機固體包括增量劑及充填劑,諸如重質及沈澱碳酸鈣、硫酸鈣、氧化鈣、草酸鈣、磷酸鈣、膦酸鈣、硫酸鋇、碳酸鋇、氧化鎂、氫氧化鎂、天然氫氧化鎂或水鎂石、沈澱氫氧化鎂、碳酸鎂、白雲石、三羥化鋁、氫過氧化鋁或薄水鋁礦、矽酸鈣及鎂、包括奈米黏土的鋁矽酸鹽、高嶺土;蒙脫石類,包括膨土類、鋰膨潤石類及皂石類;球黏土,包括天然、合成及可膨脹型;雲母;滑石,包括白雲母類、金雲母類、鱗雲母類及綠泥石;白堊、合成及沈澱二氧化矽、煙製二氧化矽、金屬纖維及粉末、鋅、鋁、玻璃纖維、耐火性纖維;碳黑,包括單及多壁碳奈米管、補強及非補強型碳黑;石墨、巴克明斯特富勒烯類、瀝青質、石墨烯、鑽石、氧化鋁、石英、珍珠岩、偉晶岩、矽凝膠、木粉、木片包括軟及硬木、鋸屑、粉紙(powdered paper)/纖維;纖維素纖維,諸如洋麻、大麻纖維、瓊麻、亞麻、棉花、棉籽絨、黃麻、苧麻、米糠或殼、酒椰葉、香蒲蘆葦(typha reed)、椰子纖維、椰殼纖維、油棕櫚纖維、木棉、香蕉葉、卡羅葉(caro)、鳳梨葉(curaua)、劍麻葉、哈拉克亞麻(harakeke)葉、馬尼拉麻、甘蔗渣、麥稈、竹片、麵粉、MDF及其類似物;蛭石、沸石、水滑石類、來自發電廠的飛灰、焚化過的污水污泥灰燼、火山灰(pozzolanes)、鼓風爐熔渣、石棉、纖蛇紋石、直閃石(anthophylite)、青石棉、矽灰石、厄帖浦石及其類似物;微粒陶瓷材料,諸如氧化鋁、氧化鋯、二氧化鈦、二氧化鈰、氮化矽、氮化鋁、氮化硼、碳化矽、碳化硼、混合的氮化矽-鋁及金屬鈦酸鹽;微粒磁性材料,諸如過渡金屬經常為鐵及鉻之磁性氧化物,例如,γ-Fe2
O3
、Fe3
O4
、及摻雜鈷的氧化鐵類;亞鐵酸鹽,例如,亞鐵酸鋇類;及金屬粒子,例如,金屬鋁、鐵、鎳、鈷、銅、銀、黃金、鈀及鉑及其合金。
其它有用的固體材料包括阻燃劑,諸如五溴二苯基醚、八溴二苯基醚、十溴二苯基醚、六溴環十二烷、多磷酸銨、蜜胺、蜜胺三聚氰酸鹽、氧化銻及硼酸鹽;滅菌劑或工業微生物試劑,諸如在Kirk-Othmer’s Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,第13冊,1981,第3版中之題名「Industrial Microbial Agents」的章節之表2、3、4、5、6、7、8及9中所提到的那些;及農用化學品,諸如殺黴菌劑護汰芬(flutriafen)、貝芬替(carbendazim)、四氯異苯(chlorothalonil)及鋅錳乃浦(mancozeb)。
在一個具體實例中,該極性液體媒質係水,但是可包括最高50重量%(以水與極性溶劑之結合的重量為基準)之可溶於水的極性共溶劑。此可符合極性溶劑之共溶劑的實施例有醇類,諸如乙醇、異丙醇、正丙醇或正丁醇;或水可溶混的有機溶劑,諸如乙二醇或二甘醇之單或二烷基醚;或極性溶劑,諸如二甘醇、甘油、2-吡咯啶酮、N-甲基吡咯啶酮、環己醇、己內酯、己內醯胺、戊烷-1,5-二醇、2-(丁氧基乙氧基)乙醇及硫二甘醇、及乙二醇;包括先前列舉的醇或溶劑之任何的混合物。關於該有機液體的用語「極性」意謂著能形成中至強鍵結的有機液體,如在由Crowley等人於Journal of Paint Technology,第38冊,1966,第269頁所發表之名稱「A Three Dimensional Approach to Solubility」的論文中所描述。極性有機液體通常具有介電常數5或更大,如在上述提及的論文中所定義。非極性液體典型具有介電常數小於5。
該研磨基料或分散體係對製備水性塗料(塗佈物)及墨液有用,其係與進一步量之水相容的樹脂及/或水及其它習知併入水性塗料及墨液中的成份混合,諸如防腐劑、安定劑、抗發泡劑、水可溶混的共溶劑及聚結劑。
該水相容的樹脂可係在水性塗佈工業中所使用之任何可溶於水或不溶於水的聚合物。共同使用在乳液或水稀釋性塗料中作為該主要膜形成黏合樹脂之聚合物的實施例有丙烯酸系、乙烯基酯、聚胺基甲酸酯、聚酯、環氧樹脂及醇酸樹脂。
在一個具體實例中,存在於本發明之組成物中的有機媒質係塑膠材料,及在另一個具體實例中係有機液體。該有機液體可係極性有機液體。關於該有機液體的用語「極性」意謂著能形成中至強鍵結的有機液體,如在由Crowley等人於Journal of Paint Technology,第38冊,1966,第269頁所發表的名稱「A Three Dimensional Approach to Solubility」之論文中所描述。此有機液體通常具有氫鍵數目5或更多,如在上述提及的論文中所定義般。
合適的極性有機液體之實施例有胺、醚特別是低級烷基醚、有機酸、酯、酮、二醇、二醇醚、二醇酯、醇及醯胺。此適度強的氫鍵液體之許多特定實施例係在由Ibert Mellan所發表之名稱「Compatibility and Solubility」的書(1968年由Noyes Development Corporation出版)之第39-40頁的表2.14中提供,及這些液體全部落在如於本文中所使用的極性有機液體用語之範圍內。
在一個具體實例中,該極性有機液體有二烷基酮、烷烴羧酸與烷醇的烷基酯,特別是,此液體包括最高及包含總共6個碳原子。至於該極性有機液體的實施例,其包括二烷基及環烷基酮,諸如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二乙基酮、二異丙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、二異丁基酮、甲基異戊基酮、甲基正戊基酮及環己酮;烷基酯,諸如醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸異丙酯、醋酸丁酯、甲酸乙酯、丙酸甲酯、丙基醋酸甲氧酯及丁酸乙酯;二醇及二醇酯及醚,諸如乙二醇、2-乙氧基乙醇、3‑甲氧基丙基丙醇、3-乙氧基丙基丙醇、醋酸2-丁氧基乙基酯、醋酸3-甲氧基丙基酯、醋酸3-乙氧基丙基酯及醋酸2-乙氧基乙基酯;烷醇,諸如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇及異丁醇(亦已知為2-甲基丙醇)、萜品醇;及二烷基及環狀醚,諸如二乙基醚及四氫呋喃。在一個具體實例中,該溶劑係烷醇、烷烴羧酸及烷烴羧酸的酯。在一個具體實例中,本發明係合適於實質上不溶於水性媒質的有機液體。再者,熟悉此技藝者將察知可於該有機液體中存在小量的水性媒質(諸如二醇、二醇醚、二醇酯及醇),只要整體有機液體實質上不溶於水性媒質中。
可使用作為極性有機液體的有機液體之實施例有諸如合適於墨液、塗料及使用在多種應用諸如塗料及墨液的碎片之製備的膜形成樹脂。此等樹脂之實施例包括聚醯胺,諸如Versamid™及Wolfamid™;及纖維素醚,諸如乙基纖維素及乙基羥乙基纖維素、硝基纖維素及醋酸酯丁酸酯纖維素樹脂,包括其混合物。該塗料樹脂的實施例包括短油醇酸樹脂/蜜胺-甲醛、聚酯/蜜胺-甲醛、熱固性丙烯酸系/蜜胺-甲醛、長油醇酸樹脂、中油醇酸樹脂、短油醇酸樹脂、聚醚多元醇及多媒質樹脂,諸如丙烯酸系及尿素/醛。
該有機液體可係多元醇,也就是說,具有二或更多個羥基之有機液體。在一個具體實例中,該多元醇包括α-ω二醇或α-ω二醇乙氧基化物。
在一個具體實例中,該有機液體包含至少0.1重量%、或1重量%或更多的極性有機液體,以該總有機液體為基準。該有機液體選擇性進一步包含水。在一個具體實例中,該有機液體係無水(典型少於2重量%的水、或少於1重量%的水、或少於0.5重量%的水、或少於0.1重量%)。
該塑膠材料可係熱固性樹脂。在本發明中有用的熱固性樹脂包括當加熱、催化、或接受紫外光、雷射光、紅外線、陽離子、電子束或微波輻射時進行化學反應及變成相當難熔的樹脂。在熱固性樹脂中的典型反應包括不飽和雙鍵之氧化;包括環氧基/胺、環氧基/羰基、環氧基/羥基之反應;環氧基與路易士酸或路易士鹼、多異氰酸酯/羥基、胺基樹脂/羥基部分之反應;自由基反應或聚丙烯酸酯;環氧樹脂與乙烯基醚的陽離子聚合;及矽烷醇之縮合。不飽和樹脂的實施例包括藉由一或多種二酸或酐與一或多種二醇之反應所製得的聚酯樹脂。此等樹脂通常係以含有反應性單體諸如苯乙烯或乙烯基甲苯的混合物供應,及經常指為鄰酞酸樹脂及異酞酸樹脂。進一步實施例包括使用二環戊二烯(DCPD)作為在該聚酯鏈中的共反應物之樹脂。進一步實施例亦包括雙酚A二縮水甘油醚與不飽和羧酸諸如甲基丙烯酸之反應產物,隨後以在苯乙烯中的溶液供應,通常指為乙烯基酯樹脂。
在一個具體實例中,該熱固性複合物或熱固性塑膠可係聚酯、聚醋酸乙烯酯、在苯乙烯中的聚酯樹脂、聚苯乙烯或其混合物。
具有羥基官能度(時常為多元醇)的聚合物係廣泛使用在熱固性系統中來與胺基樹脂或多異氰酸酯交聯。該多元醇包括丙烯酸多元醇、醇酸樹脂多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇及聚胺基甲酸酯多元醇。典型的胺基樹脂包括蜜胺甲醛樹脂、苯并胍胺甲醛樹脂、尿素甲醛樹脂及乙炔脲甲醛樹脂。多異氰酸酯係具有二或更多個異氰酸酯基團的樹脂,其包括單體脂肪族二異氰酸酯、單體芳香族二異氰酸酯二者及其聚合物。典型的脂肪族二異氰酸酯包括六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯及氫化的二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯。典型的芳香族異氰酸酯包括甲苯二異氰酸酯及聯苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯。
若想要時,本發明之組成物可包括其它成份,例如,樹脂(其中這些並非早已構成該有機媒質)、黏著劑、共溶劑、交聯劑、流體化劑、潤溼劑、抗沈降劑、塑化劑、界面活性劑、除了本發明之化合物外的分散劑、保濕劑、抗發泡劑、防縮孔劑、流變改質劑、熱安定劑、光安定劑、UV吸收劑、抗氧化劑、平整劑、光澤改質劑、滅菌劑及防腐劑。
若想要時,該包括熱固性塑膠材料的組成物可包括其它成份,例如,除了本發明的化合物外之分散劑、吹泡劑、阻燃劑、製程助劑、界面活性劑、熱安定劑、UV吸收劑、抗氧化劑、香料、脫模助劑、抗靜電劑、抗微生物劑、滅菌劑、耦合劑、潤滑劑(外部及內部)、消泡劑及黏度壓抑劑。
該組成物典型包含1至95重量%的微粒固體,其精確量係依該固體的本質而定,及該量係依該固體的本質及該固體的相對密度及該極性有機液體而定。例如,在一個具體實例中,該固體係有機材料諸如有機顏料之組成物包括15至60重量%的固體;然而在一個具體實例中,該固體係無機材料諸如無機顏料、充填劑或增量劑之組成物包括40至90重量%的固體,以該組成物的總重量為基準。
該包括有機液體的組成物可藉由任何習知用以製備分散體的已知方法製備。因此,該固體、有機媒質及分散劑可以任何順序混合,然後,讓該混合物接受機械處理以將該固體粒子降低至適當尺寸,例如藉由高速混合法、球磨法、籃式研磨法(basket milling)、珠磨法、礫磨法、砂磨法、磨碎機碾碎、二輥或三輥研磨法、塑膠研磨直到形成該分散體。任擇地,該固體可各自獨立地或與該有機媒質或分散劑混合來進行處理以降低其粒子尺寸,然後,加入其它成份及攪拌該混合物以提供該組成物。該組成物亦可藉由碾碎或研磨該乾固體與分散劑,然後加入該液體媒質;或以顏料沖流方法(flushing process),在液體媒質中混合該固體與分散劑而製得。
該包括塑膠材料的組成物可藉由任何習知用以製備熱塑性化合物的已知方法製備。因此,該固體、熱塑性聚合物及分散劑可以任何順序混合,然後,讓該混合物接受機械處理以將固體粒子降低至適當尺寸,例如,藉由Banbury混合、帶式摻合、雙螺桿擠出、雙輥研磨、在Buss共揉捏器中混煉或類似設備。
本發明之組成物特別適合於液體分散體。在一個具體實例中,此分散體組成物包含:
(a)0.5至80份的微粒固體;
(b)0.1至79.6份的式I之聚合物;及
(c)19.9至99.4份之有機液體及/或水,其中全部的相對份皆以重量計及該量(a)+(b)+(c)=100。
在一個具體實例中,該組分a)包含0.5至30份顏料及此分散體係有用作為(液體)墨液、塗佈物(塗料)及研磨基料。
若該組成物係需要包含呈乾燥形式的微粒固體及式I之分散劑時,該有機液體典型具揮發性,以便其可藉由簡單的分離方法諸如蒸發容易地從該微粒固體移除。在一個具體實例中,該組成物包含該有機液體。
若該乾燥組成物基本上由式I之分散劑及微粒固體組成時,其典型包括至少0.2%、至少0.5%或至少1.0%之式I的分散劑,以該微粒固體的重量為基準。在一個具體實例中,該乾燥組成物包括不多於100%、不多於50%、不多於20%或不多於10重量%的式I之分散劑,以該微粒固體的重量為基準。
如在上文中揭示出,本發明之組成物係合適於製備研磨基料,其中該微粒固體係於式I之化合物存在下,在有機液體中研磨。
因此,根據本發明的又進一步態樣,有提供一種包含微粒固體、有機液體及式I之聚合物的研磨基料。
典型來說,該研磨基料包含20至70重量%的微粒固體,以該研磨基料的總重量為基準。在一個具體實例中,該微粒固體係不少於該研磨基料的10或不少於20重量%。此研磨基料可選擇性包括在研磨前或後所加入的黏著劑。
在一個具體實例中,該黏著劑係一種能在該有機液體揮發時黏合該組成物之聚合物材料。
該黏著劑係聚合物材料,包括天然及合成材料。在一個具體實例中,該黏著劑包括聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯系、聚酯、聚胺基甲酸酯、醇酸樹脂;多醣類,諸如纖維素、硝基纖維素;及天然蛋白質,諸如酪蛋白。該黏著劑可係硝基纖維素。在一個具體實例中,以微粒固體的量為基準,該黏著劑係以多於100%、多於200%、多於300%或多於400%存在於該組成物中。
在該研磨基料中之選擇性黏著劑的量可在寬極限內變化,但是典型不少於該研磨基料之連續/液相的10%及經常不少於20重量%。在一個具體實例中,該黏著劑的量係不大於該研磨基料之連續/液相的50%或不大於40重量%。
在該研磨基料中的分散劑之量係依該微粒固體的量而定,但是典型為該研磨基料的0.5至5重量%。
從本發明之組成物製得的分散體及研磨基料特別合適於使用在非水性及無溶劑調配物中,其中與存在於該調配物中之單體、寡聚物等或組合,使用可能量硬化系統(紫外光、雷射光、紅外線、陽離子、電子束、微波)。它們特別合適於使用在塗佈物中,諸如塗料、清漆、墨液、其它塗佈材料及塑膠。合適的實施例包括將其使用在下列中:低、中及高固體塗料、包括烘烤的一般工業塗料、二組分及金屬塗佈塗料諸如線圈及罐塗佈物、粉末塗佈物、UV可硬化的塗佈物、木頭清漆;墨液,諸如柔性版印刷、凹版印刷、膠版印刷、平版印刷、鉛字印刷或凸版印刷、絹版印刷及用於包裝印刷的印刷墨液;非衝擊式墨液,諸如噴墨式墨液,包括連續噴墨式及按需滴落噴墨式,其包括熱、壓電式及靜電式、相變墨液及熱熔蠟墨液、用於噴墨列印機的墨液;及印刷清漆,諸如套印清漆;多元醇及塑料溶膠分散體;非水性陶瓷方法,特別是薄帶成形、凝膠鑄塑、刮刀片、擠出及注塑成型型式方法,進一步實施例將係用於等靜壓的乾陶瓷粉末之製備;複合物,諸如片狀成型及塊狀成型化合物、樹脂轉注成型、拉擠成型、手積層及噴灑積層製程、對模成型;建築材料,如鑄造樹脂;化粧品;個人護理,如指甲塗料、防曬劑;黏著劑;調色劑,諸如液體調色劑、塑膠材料及電子材料,諸如用於顯示器之濾色片系統的塗佈調配物,該顯示器包括有機發光二極體(OLED)裝置、液晶顯示器及電泳顯示器;玻璃塗佈物,包括光學纖維塗佈物、反射塗層或抗反射塗層;導電及磁性墨液及塗佈物。它們在顏料及充填劑之表面改質上有用,以改良乾粉末使用在上述應用中之可分散度。該塗佈材料的進一步實施例係提供在Bodo Muller,Ulrich Poth,Lackformulierung und Lackrezeptur,Lehrbuch fr Ausbildung und Praxis,Vincentz Verlag,Hanover(2003)中;及在P.G. Garrat,Strahlenhartung,Vincentz Verlag,Hanover(1996)中。該印刷墨液調配物的實施例係提供在E.W. Flick,Printing Ink and Overprint Varnish Formulations - Recent Developments,Noyes Publications,Park Ridge NJ,(1990)及隨後的版本中。
從本發明之組成物製得的分散體及研磨基料亦對接觸及非接觸(按需滴落)型水性印刷方法有用,諸如水性柔版印刷、水性噴墨式、水性UV噴墨式。
在一個具體實例中,本發明之組成物進一步包括一或多種額外的已知分散劑。
下列實施例提供本發明之闡明。這些實施例並非窮盡且不意欲限制本發明之範圍。
實施例
比較例 1(CE1)-
聚醚胺與四氯酞酸酐反應。
根據WO專利公開案2015/031043的實施例3來製備分散劑,除了以Surfonamine® B200置換Surfonamine® L207外。在氮環境中,於120℃下攪拌四氯酞酸酐(2.72份)與聚醚胺(20.00份,Surfonamine® B200,MW:2000,ex Huntsman) 6小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值少於2.0毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1721.3公分-1
處的醯亞胺波峰。
比較例 2(CE2)-
聚醚胺與3-硝基-1,8-萘二甲酸酐反應。
根據WO專利公開案2013/165770的實施例1製備分散劑。在氮環境中,於70℃下將3-硝基-1,8-萘二甲酸酐(9.99份)加入至攪拌的聚醚胺(85.98份,Surfonamine® L207,MW:2000,ex Huntsman)。在150℃下加熱該反應5小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有胺值少於0.23毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1669.5公分-1
處的醯亞胺波峰。
實施例 1(EX1)
-聚醚胺與丙烯酸丁酯然後與四氯酞酸酐反應。
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚醚胺(20.00份,Surfonamine® B200,MW:2000,ex Huntsman)及3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(0.1份)。對此混合物在15分鐘內逐滴加入丙烯酸丁酯(1.28份),在此之後,於80℃下加熱該反應3小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。然後,將溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入四氯酞酸酐(2.72份)。攪拌該反應混合物直到酐完全溶解,然後對其加熱另外3小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值30.13毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1676公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
實施例 2 (EX2)
-聚醚胺與丙烯酸2-羧基乙基酯然後與2,3-萘二甲酸酐反應。
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚醚胺(40.00份,Surfonamine® L207,MW:2000,ex Huntsman)及3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(0.01份)。對此混合物在5分鐘內逐滴加入丙烯酸2-羧基乙基酯(2.88份),及保持在50℃下3小時然後80℃ 2小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。然後,將溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入2,3-萘二甲酸酐(3.96份)。攪拌該反應混合物直到酐完全溶解,然後對其加熱另外24小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值50.22毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1636公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。分散體測試 1
-有機紅色分散體之製備。
藉由將分散劑CE1及EX1 (0.4份)溶解進醋酸1-甲氧基-2-丙基酯(6.5份)中來製備分散體。對此加入3毫米玻璃珠(18份)及紅色顏料(Irgalite® Rubine 4BP,2.0份,ex BASF)及在水平搖動器上研磨該等成分16小時。從EX1製造之所產生的分散體係含有低粒子尺寸(D50) 216奈米之流體,如藉由Microtac Nano™ 250粒子尺寸分析器測定。該分散體在50℃下保持流體1星期,此指示出優良的分散體穩定性。從CE1產生的分散體產生含有高粒子尺寸(D50) 1767奈米之絮凝分散體及在50℃下不穩定導致凝膠,此指示出差的分散體穩定性。分散體測試 2
-有機紅色分散體之製備
藉由將分散劑CE1及EX1 (5.12份)溶解進二丙烯酸二丙二醇酯(49.28份,Photomer® 4226 ex IGM Resins)中來製備分散體。對此加入3毫米玻璃珠(250份)及紅色顏料(25.60份,Symuler® Carmine 6B 401 ex SunChemical®),及在Scandex搖動器上研磨該等成分2小時。
從EX1製造之所產生的分散體係含有低粒子尺寸(D50) 378奈米的流體,如藉由Microtac Nano™ 250粒子尺寸分析器測定。來自CE1的分散體產生含有高粒子尺寸之凝膠。來自分散體測試 2 之墨液調配物
將來自EX1之所產生的分散體(12.5份),與包含光起始劑(0.75份,Irgacure 379 ex Sartomer)、光起始劑(0.25份Speedcure ITX ex Lambson)、二苯基酮(0.75份)及胺增效劑(0.75份Speedcure EDB ex Lambson)之光起始劑摻合物放進聚酯丙烯酸酯寡聚物(15.00份,CN2505 ex Sartomer)中。使用400/5 K-Lox Proofer將所產生的墨液垂伸到Black & White卡片上,及讓其以500公尺/分鐘之速度通過使用300瓦/英吋燈的UV固化器3次。所產生的塗層具有高好的色度,具有20°光澤等於76.90及60°光澤等於111.7,如使用Byk-Gardner Gloss Haze計量器測定。CE1太黏而無法放進此樹脂系統中。
使用可商業購得的分散劑Solsperse™ 39000重覆分散體測試2作為比較例,此達成較低的光澤而具有20°光澤等於54.80及60°光澤等於94.70。與Solsperse™ 39000比較,EX1產生24%的較高色度。分散體測試 3
-氧化鐵黃色分散體之製備。
藉由將分散劑CE2及EX2 (0.22份)溶解進水(2.93份)中來製備分散體。對此混合物加入保溼劑(0.27份,Humectant® GRB3 ex Lubrizol)、3毫米玻璃珠及黃色顏料(5.58份Bayferrox® yellow 3920 ex BASF),及在水平搖動器上研磨該等成分16小時。來自EX2之所產生的分散體非常流動,然而來自CE2所產生的分散體係高黏度的凝膠。
比較例 3(CE3)
-聚醚胺與酞酸酐反應。
根據WO專利公開案2013/165770的實施例1製備分散劑。在70℃下,於氮環境中,將酞酸酐(7.61份)加入至攪拌的聚醚胺(50.55份,Surfonamine® L100,MW:1000,ex Huntsman)。在150℃下加熱該反應6小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有胺值0毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1705公分-1
處的醯亞胺波峰。
比較例 4(CE4)
-聚醚胺與酞酸酐反應。
根據WO專利公開案2013/165770的實施例1製備分散劑。在70℃下,於氮環境中,將酞酸酐(5.94份)加入至攪拌的聚醚胺(82.18份,Surfonamine® L207,MW:2000,ex Huntsman)。在150℃下加熱該反應6小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有胺值0毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1714公分-1
處的醯亞胺波峰。
實施例 3(EX3)
-聚醚胺與丙烯酸然後與酞酸酐反應。
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚醚胺(100.73份,Surfonamine® L100,MW 1000,ex Huntsman)與3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(0.36份)。對此混合物在20分鐘內逐滴加入丙烯酸(7.26份),在此之後,於80℃下加熱該反應3小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。然後,將溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入酞酸酐(14.76份)。攪拌該反應混合物直到酐完全溶解,然後對其加熱另外3小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值94.91毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1635公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
實施例 4 (EX4)
-聚醚胺與丙烯酸丁酯然後與酞酸酐反應。
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚醚胺(40.0份,Surfonamine® L207,MW 2000,ex Huntsman)及3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(0.2份)。對此混合物在20分鐘內逐滴加入丙烯酸丁酯(2.32份),在此之後,於80℃下加熱該反應3小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。然後,將溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入酞酸酐(2.81份)。攪拌該反應混合物直到酐完全溶解,然後對其加熱另外3小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值25.12毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1709公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
實施例 5 中間物 (INTM5)-
聚醚胺與丙烯酸2-羧基乙基酯反應
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚醚胺(203.69份,Surfonamine® L207,MW 2000,ex Huntsman)及3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(0.66份)。對此混合物在10分鐘內逐滴加入丙烯酸2-羧基乙基酯(14.47份),在此之後,於80℃下加熱該反應3小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。所產生的中間物具有胺值26.88毫克KOH/克。
實施例 5 分散劑 (EX5)-
實施例5中間物與焦蜜石酸二酐反應。
在50℃下,於氮環境中,將焦蜜石酸二酐(2.16份)加入至攪拌的實施例5中間物(41.82份)。然後,將溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入酞酸酐(2.81份)。攪拌該反應混合物直到酐完全溶解,然後對其加熱另外3小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值51.84毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1636公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
實施例 6(EX6)-
聚醚胺與聚(乙二醇)甲基醚丙烯酸酯然後與酞酸酐反應。
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚醚胺(104.64份,Surfonamine® L100,MW 1000,ex Huntsman)及3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(0.51份)。對此混合物在50分鐘內逐滴加入聚(乙二醇)甲基醚丙烯酸酯(2.32份,MW 480),在此之後,於80℃下加熱該反應3小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。然後,將溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入酞酸酐(14.58份)。攪拌該反應混合物直到酐完全溶解,然後對整體加熱10小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值33.95毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1663公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
實施例 7(EX7)
-聚(乙二醇)甲基醚丙烯酸酯與辛胺然後與酞酸酐反應。
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚(乙二醇)甲基醚丙烯酸酯(96.26份,MW 480)及3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(0.52份)。對此混合物在25分鐘內逐滴加入辛胺(26.06份,MW 480),在此之後,於80℃下加熱該反應3小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。然後,將溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入酞酸酐(29.72份)。攪拌該反應混合物直到酐完全溶解,然後對整體加熱10小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值76.32毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1639公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
實施例 8(EX8)
-聚醚胺與1,2-環氧基-3-苯氧基丙烷然後與2,3-萘二羧酸酐反應。
在室溫下,於空氣環境中攪拌聚醚胺(53.92份,Surfonamine® L207,MW 2000,ex Huntsman)。對此在20分鐘內逐滴加入1,2-環氧基-3-苯氧基丙烷(3.81份),在此之後,於50℃下加熱該反應3小時直到無環氧化物基團餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。於氮環境中加入2,3-萘二羧酸酐(5.03份)及攪拌該反應混合物另外10小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值19.15毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1664公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
實施例 9(EX9)
-聚醚胺與丙烯酸丁酯然後與四氯酞酸酐反應。
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚醚胺(506.05份,Surfonamine® B200,MW 2000,ex Huntsman)及3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(1.69份)。對此混合物在15分鐘內逐滴加入丙烯酸丁酯(26.64份),在此之後,於80℃下加熱該反應17小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。然後,將溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入四氯酞酸酐(58.13份)。攪拌該反應混合物直到酐完全溶解,然後對其加熱另外18小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值28.77毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1676公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
實施例 10(EX10)
-聚醚胺與2-苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯然後與四氯酞酸酐反應。
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚醚胺(121.35份,Surfonamine® B200,MW 2000,ex Huntsman)及3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(0.36份)。對此混合物在15分鐘內逐滴加入2-苯氧基乙基丙烯酸酯(9.62份),在此之後,於80℃下加熱該反應6小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。然後,將溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入四氯酞酸酐(14.30份)。攪拌該反應混合物18小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值26.45毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1674公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
實施例 11(EX11)
-聚醚胺與丙烯酸丁酯然後與酞酸酐反應。
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚醚胺(244.30份,衍生自C12-15
醇與環氧丁烷反應,接著將因而產生的聚醚醇進行鹼催化加成,而成丙烯腈並隨後氫化以提供胺(80%活性),MW 1700)及3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(0.90份)。對此混合物在50分鐘內逐滴加入丙烯酸丁酯(12.89份),在此之後,於80℃下加熱該反應4小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。然後,將溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入酞酸酐(14.80份)。攪拌該反應混合物18小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值21.82毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1648公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
實施例 12(EX12)
-聚醚胺與N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺然後與四氯酞酸酐反應。
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚醚胺(121.48份,Surfonamine B200®,MW 2000,ex Huntsman)及3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(0.40份)。對此混合物在15分鐘內逐滴加入N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺(4.97份),在此之後,於80℃下加熱該反應6小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。然後,將溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入四氯酞酸酐(14.37份)。攪拌該反應混合物18小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值26.28毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1675公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
實施例 13(EX13)
-聚醚胺與2-(二甲基胺基)乙基丙烯酸酯然後與酞酸酐反應。
在空氣環境中,於50℃下攪拌聚醚胺(213.30份,Surfonamine® L207,MW 2000,ex Huntsman)及3,5-二-三級-4-丁基羥基甲苯(0.62份)。對此混合物在15分鐘內逐滴加入2-(二甲基胺基)乙基丙烯酸酯(14.40份),在此之後,於80℃下加熱該反應4小時直到無乙烯基餘留,如藉由1
H NMR光譜測定。然後,將該溫度降低至50℃,在此之後,於氮環境中加入酞酸酐(14.65份)。攪拌該反應混合物18小時直到無酐餘留,如藉由IR光譜測定。所產生的產物具有酸值22.30毫克KOH/克及顯示出在1661公分-1
處的三級醯胺羰基波峰。
分散體測試 4
-有機紅色分散體之製備
藉由將比較例(CE)及/或實施例(EX)的分散劑(0.4份)溶解進醋酸1-甲氧基-2-丙基酯(7.6份)中來製備分散體。對此加入3毫米玻璃珠(17份)、紅色顏料(2份,Irgalite® Rubine 4BP ex BASF)及在水平搖動器上研磨該等成分16小時。藉由Microtrac DLS Nano-flex粒子尺寸分析器測定所產生的分散體之粒子尺寸(D50及D90)。來自實施例4、6至13之所產生的研磨基料係流體及在靜置於室溫下保持為流體。來自比較例1、3、4的研磨基料係黏稠的且在靜置於室溫下時凝膠化。
表1。來自分散測試4的D50及D90粒子尺寸
分散體測試 5
-氧化鐵黃色分散體之製備
藉由將比較例(CE)及/或實施例(EX)之分散劑(0.22份)溶解進水(2.93份)中來製備分散體。對此混合物加入保溼劑(1.27份,Humectant® GRB3 ex Lubrizol)、3毫米玻璃珠及黃色顏料(5.58份,Bayferrox® yellow 3920 ex BASF),及在水平搖動器上研磨該等成分16小時。藉由Microtrac DLS Nano-flex粒子尺寸分析器測定所產生的分散體之粒子尺寸(D50及D90)。實施例2、3及5係流體及在靜置於室溫下保持流體,然而比較例3形成高黏度的凝膠。
表2。分散體測試5的黏度及D50及D90
如於此之後所描述,本發明的聚合物之數量平均分子量已經使用已知方法測定,諸如凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)分析,對全部聚合物鏈皆使用聚苯乙烯標準。
上述指出的每篇文件係以參考之方式併入本文。除非其它方面有指示出,否則於本文中所指出的每種化學物質或組成物應該解釋為商業等級材料,其可包括異構物、副產物、衍生物及正常了解會存在於該商業等級中的其它此等材料。但是,除非其它方面有指示出,否則每種化學組分所顯現的量排除習慣上可存在於該商業材料中之任何溶劑或稀釋油。要瞭解的是,於本文中所提出的上及下量、範圍及比率限制可各自獨立地結合。類似地,用於本發明的每種要件之範圍及量可與用於任何其它要件的範圍或量一起使用。
雖然本發明已經以其相關的較佳具體實例進行解釋,要瞭解的是,熟習該項技術者將在閱讀本專利說明書後明瞭多種改質。因此,要瞭解的是,於本文中所揭示出的發明意欲涵蓋此改質,如落在所附加的申請專利範圍之範圍內般。
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Claims (26)
- 一種分散劑或其鹽,其包含具有下列結構的分散劑聚合物:
- 如請求項1之分散劑或其鹽,其中R4係H;該雜原子包含O或N,且該O或N係表示為醚、酯、醛、酮、醯胺、胺基甲酸酯、醇或羧酸基團;R3係線性或分枝的C1-20烷基;Q係包含1至4個芳香環的伸烴基。
- 如請求項1之分散劑或其鹽,其中Q包含萘。
- 如請求項3之分散劑或其鹽,其中Q包含形成1,2-萘酸醯胺、2,3-萘酸醯胺或1,8-萘醯胺或其混合物的萘。
- 如請求項3之分散劑或其鹽,其中Q變成選自於4-硝基-1,8-萘二甲醯胺或3-硝基-1,8-萘二甲醯胺(當一個R1=NO2時)、及4-氯-1,8-萘二甲醯胺(當一個R1=Cl時)之群的萘二甲醯胺之部分。
- 如請求項1之分散劑或其鹽,其中Q包含聯苯基。
- 如請求項1之分散劑或其鹽,其中Q包含苯基。
- 如請求項8之分散劑或其鹽,其中該Michael受體包含(甲基)丙烯酸酯或官能化的(甲基)丙烯酸酯;該親核性聚合物鏈包含聚醚胺;x1係1至20;該芳香族二酸或其酐包含2,3-萘二甲酸酐。
- 如請求項8之分散劑或其鹽,其中該第一步驟係在溫度約0℃至150℃下進行,及該第二步驟形成三級醯胺的反應係在溫度約0℃至120℃下進行。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項之分散劑或其鹽,其係藉由包含下列的方法獲得/可獲得:步驟(1):將(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體或官能化而具有不飽和丙烯酸酯官能度的(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體與親核性脂肪族胺反應,以形成MPEG官能化的二級胺;及步驟(2):將該來自步驟(1)之MPEG官能化的二級胺與芳香族二酸或四酸或其酐反應,以從該二酸或其酐的酸基團之一形成三級醯胺鏈結,而將該MPEG連接至該芳香族二酸現在為酸/醯胺,其中該第一步驟的Michael反應可在溫度約0℃至150℃下進行;該第二步驟形成三級醯胺的反應係在用以醯胺化的溫度約0℃至120℃下進行。
- 如請求項11之分散劑或其鹽,其中該(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體或官能化而具有不飽和丙烯酸酯官能度的(甲基)丙烯酸酯單體包含MPEG丙烯酸酯;該芳香族二酸或四酸或其酐包含2,3-萘二甲酸酐。
- 如請求項1至7中任一項之分散劑或其鹽,其係藉由包含下列的方法獲得/可獲得:步驟(1):將丙烯酸羥基酯與親核性脂肪族胺反應,而形成脂肪族二級胺; 步驟(2):將該脂肪族二級胺與芳香族二酸或四酸或其酐反應,而形成該三級醯胺;及步驟(3):選擇性將該脂肪族二級醯胺的羥基與環氧化物或環狀酯反應,其中該環狀酯選擇性係己內酯;及/或聚合該環氧化物或環狀酯,以形成聚合性聚醚鏈或聚酯鏈,其中該第一步驟,即,Michael反應,可在溫度約0℃至150℃下進行;該第二步驟形成三級醯胺的反應係在溫度約0℃至120℃下進行;及該第三步驟聚合該環氧化物或環狀酯係在溫度約100℃至200℃下進行。
- 如請求項13的分散劑或其鹽,其中該丙烯酸羥基酯包含丙烯酸羥乙酯,其選擇性經乙氧基化或具有酯聚合掉該羥基。
- 如請求項15的分散劑或其鹽,其中該Z為酸基團時,該酸基團包含CO2H、SO3H、或OPO3H2。
- 一種組成物,其包含微粒固體、水性媒質或極性有機溶劑媒質、及聚合物,其中該聚合物係由在請求項1至19中任一項之分散劑或其鹽中之分散劑聚合物表示。
- 如請求項20之組成物,其中該媒質包含水性媒質。
- 如請求項20之組成物,其中該媒質包含極性有機媒質。
- 如請求項20至22中任一項之組成物,其中該組成物係研磨基料、塗料或墨液。
- 如請求項20至22中任一項之組成物,其中該微粒固體係顏料或充填劑。
- 如請求項20至22中任一項之組成物,其更包含黏著劑。
- 如請求項20至22中任一項之組成物,其中該分散劑係以0.1重量%至79.6重量%之範圍的量存在,係以該總組成物重量為基準。
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EP2844687B1 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2018-11-07 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Aromatic dispersant composition |
WO2015031043A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Non-fused aromatic dispersant composition |
KR102236881B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-01 | 2021-04-05 | 루브리졸 어드밴스드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 다중 방향족 이미드 앵커 기를 지니는 분산제 |
KR102247503B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-01 | 2021-04-30 | 루브리졸 어드밴스드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 방향족 분산제 조성물 |
WO2015065829A1 (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2015-05-07 | Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. | Dispersants with multiple aromatic imide anchor groups |
KR20210046692A (ko) | 2018-08-22 | 2021-04-28 | 루브리졸 어드밴스드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 방향족 아미드 분산제 |
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2019
- 2019-08-21 CN CN201980058585.3A patent/CN112672816B/zh active Active
- 2019-08-21 JP JP2021509977A patent/JP7470675B2/ja active Active
- 2019-08-21 WO PCT/US2019/047448 patent/WO2020041433A1/en unknown
- 2019-08-21 KR KR1020217006812A patent/KR20210049112A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-08-21 US US17/269,600 patent/US20210238433A1/en active Pending
- 2019-08-21 EP EP19762617.9A patent/EP3840870A1/en active Pending
- 2019-08-22 TW TW108130009A patent/TWI832884B/zh active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2008028954A2 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2008-03-13 | Lubrizol Limited | Novel compounds and compositions thereof |
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US20210238433A1 (en) | 2021-08-05 |
EP3840870A1 (en) | 2021-06-30 |
KR20210049112A (ko) | 2021-05-04 |
JP2021534309A (ja) | 2021-12-09 |
JP7470675B2 (ja) | 2024-04-18 |
WO2020041433A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
TW202015796A (zh) | 2020-05-01 |
CN112672816B (zh) | 2023-01-20 |
CN112672816A (zh) | 2021-04-16 |
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