TWI823215B - 電池 - Google Patents

電池 Download PDF

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TWI823215B
TWI823215B TW110148695A TW110148695A TWI823215B TW I823215 B TWI823215 B TW I823215B TW 110148695 A TW110148695 A TW 110148695A TW 110148695 A TW110148695 A TW 110148695A TW I823215 B TWI823215 B TW I823215B
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battery
positive electrode
present
lattice structure
living
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TW202327153A (zh
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吳瑞軒
蔡施柏達
趙潁鈁
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亞福儲能股份有限公司
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Priority to CN202211410111.0A priority patent/CN116344788A/zh
Priority to EP22209517.6A priority patent/EP4203103A3/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/46Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
    • H01M4/463Aluminium based
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M2010/4292Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
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Abstract

一種電池,包括電解液以及正極。電解液被配置以產生活物。電池藉由活物插嵌至正極的晶格結構內,以產生電池的電量。

Description

電池
本發明是有關於一種電池,且特別是有關於一種改良正極材料的電池。
一般而言,現今多數電池的正極會有多次充放電後過度膨脹進而縮短電池壽命甚至是短路的問題,舉例而言,當正極以石墨作為材料,電池中的活物會插層在正極石墨的層間距之間,以產生電量,然而,在充份插層活物後正極易發生膨脹現象,而膨脹會對隔膜施加應力,易與負極鍍物產生的枝晶導通,進而造成縮短壽命甚至是短路。因此如何改善膨脹問題,進而增加電池壽命並避免短路實為一種挑戰。
本發明提供一種電池,其可以在改善膨脹問題、增加電池壽命並避免短路的同時提升電池電量。
本發明的一種電池,包括電解液以及正極。電解液被配置以產生活物。電池藉由活物插嵌至正極的晶格結構內,以產生電池的電量。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的電池藉由活物插嵌至正極的晶格結構內,以形成合金態。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的正極的材料為鈦酸鋁(Aluminium-titanate battery, ATO)。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的鈦酸鋁佔正極的比例至少大於50%。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的晶格結構為二氧化鈦板鈦(TiO 2)礦晶格。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的電池的壽命圈數至少大於50圈。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的正極的膨脹厚度至少小於等於100微米。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的正極的材料的熱膨脹係數至少小於1x10 -6/°C。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的電池為鋁電池。
在本發明的一實施例中,上述的活物為鋁離子(Al 3+)。
基於上述,本發明藉由選擇正極材料,使用具有晶格結構的正極,以減少活物插嵌後的膨脹現象且可以儲存離子產生電量,因此可以在改善膨脹問題、增加電池壽命並避免短路的同時提升電池電量。
為讓本發明的上述特徵和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉實施例,並配合所附圖式作詳細說明如下。
為了使本發明之內容可以被更容易明瞭,以下特舉實施例作為本發明確實能夠據以實施的範例。為明確說明,許多實務上的細節將在以下敘述中一併說明。然而,應瞭解的是,這些實務上的細節不應用被以限制本發明。也就是說,在本發明部分實施方式中,這些實務上的細節是非必要的。
除非另有定義,本文使用的所有術語(包括技術和科學術語)具有與本發明所屬領域的普通技術人員通常理解的相同的含義。
圖1是依照本發明一實施例的一種電池的正極的材料結構示意圖。請參考圖1,本實施例的電池包括電解液以及正極。電解液被配置以產生活物。電池藉由活物插嵌至正極的晶格結構100內,以產生電池的電量。據此,本實施例藉由選擇正極材料,使用具有晶格結構100的正極,以減少活物插嵌後的膨脹現象且可以儲存離子產生電量,因此可以在改善膨脹問題、增加電池壽命並避免短路的同時提升電池電量。進一步而言,電池可以是藉由活物插嵌至正極的晶格結構內,以形成合金態的方式產生電量,換句話說,本實施例的電池並不是使用活物插層至石墨層間距之間的方式產生電量。
在一些實施例中,正極的材料為鈦酸鋁(CAS:12004-39-6),且晶格結構為二氧化鈦板鈦礦晶格,由於電池充放電過程中,鈦酸鋁中二氧化鈦板鈦礦晶格可以有效提供電量,且在正極上未明顯產生膨脹現象,因此當正極的材料為鈦酸鋁時具有改善電池正極膨脹且提升電量的能力。舉例而言,當正極的材料為鈦酸鋁時,電池的壽命圈數至少大於50圈,舉例而言,當正極的材料為石墨時壽命會小於50圈,而當鈦酸鋁作為正極材料時壽命可以提升至100圈,因此可以提升約100%。此外,正極的膨脹厚度至少小於等於100微米,舉例而言,當正極的材料為石墨時膨脹厚度約375微米,而當鈦酸鋁作為正極材料時膨脹厚度約100微米。另一方面,當正極的材料由石墨更換至鈦酸鋁時,電池的電量可以由48毫安培小時(mAh)提升至51毫安培小時,因此電池的膨脹、壽命與電量皆確實地被改善,但本發明不限於此,電池的壽命圈數與正極的厚度須視正極的材料選擇而定,只要電池藉由活物插嵌至正極的晶格結構內,以產生電池的電量皆屬於本發明的保護範圍。
在一些實施例中,正極的材料的熱膨脹係數至少小於1x10 -6/°C,也就是說,正極的材料可以是熱膨脹係數較低之材料,與陰離子進行反應時,其結構實質上並未產生膨脹收縮的現象,亦即型態不易造成變化,因此在儲存離子產生電量的同時亦不會使正極膨脹,使電芯壽命延長,但本發明不限於此。
在一些實施例中,鈦酸鋁佔正極的比例至少大於50%(混摻形式),以獲得較佳的插層效果,但本發明不限於此。
在一些實施例中,電池為鋁電池,因此活物為鋁離子(Al 3+),以藉由鋁離子與鈦酸鋁晶格形成合金態而產生電量,但本發明不限制電池種類,只要電池的正極材料具有與本案相同的機制皆屬於本發明的保護範圍。
應說明的是,電池中其他未說明的組成(如負極、隔離膜及電解液等)與規格應是本發明所屬領域的普通技術人員可以依據任何涵蓋包含在隨附申請專利範圍的精神及範圍內的內容所得。
綜上所述,本發明藉由選擇正極材料,使用具有晶格結構的正極,以減少活物插嵌後的膨脹現象且可以儲存離子產生電量,因此可以在改善膨脹問題、增加電池壽命並避免短路的同時提升電池電量。
雖然本發明已以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離本發明的精神和範圍內,當可作些許的更動與潤飾,故本發明的保護範圍當視後附的申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
100:晶格結構
圖1是依照本發明一實施例的一種電池的正極的材料結構示意圖。
100:晶格結構

Claims (7)

  1. 一種電池,包括:電解液,被配置以產生活物;以及正極,其中所述電池藉由所述活物插嵌至所述正極的晶格結構內,以產生所述電池的電量,且所述正極的材料的熱膨脹係數至少小於1x10-6/℃。
  2. 如請求項1所述的電池,其中所述電池藉由所述活物插嵌至所述正極的所述晶格結構內,以形成合金態。
  3. 如請求項1所述的電池,其中所述正極的材料為鈦酸鋁。
  4. 如請求項3所述的電池,其中所述晶格結構為二氧化鈦板鈦礦晶格。
  5. 如請求項3所述的電池,其中所述正極的膨脹厚度至少小於等於100微米。
  6. 如請求項1所述的電池,其中所述電池為鋁電池。
  7. 如請求項6所述的電池,其中所述活物為鋁離子。
TW110148695A 2021-12-24 2021-12-24 電池 TWI823215B (zh)

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TW110148695A TWI823215B (zh) 2021-12-24 2021-12-24 電池
US17/978,997 US20230207795A1 (en) 2021-12-24 2022-11-02 Battery
CN202211410111.0A CN116344788A (zh) 2021-12-24 2022-11-11 电池
EP22209517.6A EP4203103A3 (en) 2021-12-24 2022-11-25 Battery

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TW110148695A TWI823215B (zh) 2021-12-24 2021-12-24 電池

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101522911B1 (ko) * 2007-08-10 2015-05-26 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 리튬계 2차 전지용 음극, 탄소계 음극 활물질의 제조 방법, 리튬계 2차 전지 및 그 용도
CN109888241A (zh) * 2019-03-11 2019-06-14 浙江大学 氧化物-石墨层间化合物及其制备方法与电极和电池

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101522911B1 (ko) * 2007-08-10 2015-05-26 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 리튬계 2차 전지용 음극, 탄소계 음극 활물질의 제조 방법, 리튬계 2차 전지 및 그 용도
CN109888241A (zh) * 2019-03-11 2019-06-14 浙江大学 氧化物-石墨层间化合物及其制备方法与电极和电池

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
期刊 Linda Ager-Wick Ellingsen, Alex Holland , Jean-Francois Drillet, Willi Peters,Martin Eckert, Carlos Concepcion, Oscar Ruiz, Jean-François Colin, Etienne Knipping,Qiaoyan Pan, Richard G. A.Wills and Guillaume Majeau-Bettez Environmental Screening of Electrode Materialsfor a Rechargeable Aluminum Batterywith an AlCl3/EMIMCl Electrolyte Materials 11 MDPI 1 June 2018 936 *

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US20230207795A1 (en) 2023-06-29
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