TWI818909B - 硬組織修補用組成物及硬組織修補用套組 - Google Patents
硬組織修補用組成物及硬組織修補用套組 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI818909B TWI818909B TW107111513A TW107111513A TWI818909B TW I818909 B TWI818909 B TW I818909B TW 107111513 A TW107111513 A TW 107111513A TW 107111513 A TW107111513 A TW 107111513A TW I818909 B TWI818909 B TW I818909B
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- Prior art keywords
- tissue repair
- hard tissue
- meth
- composition
- mass
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Abstract
本發明係揭示含有單體(A)、聚合體(B)、聚合起始劑(C)及體積平均粒徑3μm以上之造影劑(X),且對海綿骨等被接黏體之侵入性優越,與被接黏體間之密黏性優越的硬組織修補用組成物;以及具有將此硬組織修補用組成物中所含之單體(A)、聚合體(B)、聚合起始劑(C)及造影劑(X)之各成分,依任意組合分割為3個以上而收容的構件之硬組織修補用套組。
Description
本發明係關於對於海綿骨等之被接黏體之侵入性優越,與被接黏體間之密黏性優越的硬組織修補用組成物及硬組織修補用套組。
習知作為骨、軟骨等硬組織與人工關節間之固定用的骨水泥、骨質疏鬆症治療用等所使用的骨填充劑、人造骨材料等,已檢討了各種硬組織修補用組成物。例如已檢討了含有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、以及過氧化苯甲醯(聚合起始劑)的組成物;含有(甲基)丙烯酸酯、磷酸鈣等無機填料、以及有機過氧化物的組成物等(例如專利文獻1)。然而,此種組成物於硬化時之發熱較大,對患部組織造成損傷的危險性較高。
作為改良此點之硬組織修補用組成物,例如專利文獻2揭示有含有(甲基)丙烯酸酯(A)、(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合體(B)、特定之聚合起始劑(C)及造影劑(X)的硬組織修補用組成物。此組成物於硬化時之發熱小,而且作業性優良。
專利文獻1:日本專利特開平8-224294號公報
專利文獻2:國際公開第2011/062227號
本案發明人等認為,在與骨組織間之巨觀之密黏性方面,習知之硬組織修補用組成物仍有改善空間。例如,若骨水泥(硬組織修補用組成物)對海綿骨之侵入性不佳,則在骨水泥與骨之界面產生間隙而產生因骨融解所造成的疼痛,若惡化則需要進行再置換手術。此種問題於該領域中係非常重要。
亦即,本發明目的在於提供對海綿骨等之被接黏體之侵入性優越、與被接黏體間之密黏性優越的硬組織修補用組成物及硬組織修補用套組。
本案發明人等為了達成上述目的而經潛心研究,結果發現,藉由使用體積平均粒徑為特定範圍內之造影劑(X),則與骨組織間之密黏性提升,遂完成本發明。亦即,本發明係藉由以下事項而特定。
[1]一種硬組織修補用組成物,係含有單體(A)、聚合體(B)、聚合起始劑(C)及體積平均粒徑3μm以上之造影劑(X)。
[2]如[1]之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,依以下方法所測定之模擬骨侵入性為1.0mm以上。
模擬骨侵入性係使生理食鹽水含浸於具有連通氣泡之聚胺基甲酸酯發泡體(空孔率95%),於其上面放置成為軟塊狀且不再拉絲 經5分鐘後的組成物,依75kPa之壓力施加負重30秒,測定組成物侵入之深度(mm)。
[3]如[1]之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,造影劑(X)為硫酸鋇或氧化鋯。
[4]如[1]之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,單體(A)為(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體。
[5]如[1]之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,聚合體(B)為(甲基)丙烯酸酯系聚合體。
[6]如[1]之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,含有單體(A)10~45質量份、聚合體(B)54.9~80質量份、聚合起始劑(C)0.1~10質量份(成分(A)~(C)之合計設為100質量份)及造影劑(X)0.5~70質量份。
[7]如[1]之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,造影劑(X)之體積平均粒徑為3.0~25.1μm。
[8]如[1]之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,硬組織修補用組成物所含之粒子全體之體積平均粒徑為32μm以下。
[9]一種硬組織修補用套組,係具有將[1]之硬組織修補用組成物中所含之單體(A)、聚合體(B)、聚合起始劑(C)及造影劑(X)之各成分依任意組合分割為3個以上而收容的構件。
根據本發明,可提供對海綿骨等之被接黏體之侵入性優越、與被接黏體間之密黏性優越的硬組織修補用組成物及硬組織修補用套組。
根據一般常識,在聚合體粉末通過間隙時,粒徑小之 造影劑應當較容易通過間隙。然而,本發明中驚訝地發現,藉由使用粒徑較大之造影劑(X),則硬組織修補用組成物之模擬骨侵入性提升。其理由雖然尚未闡明,但推測其理由之一在於:在造影劑(X)之粒徑較小時有粉末彼此容易凝集、容易成為較大凝集體粒子的傾向,但在造影劑(X)之粒徑較大時由於不易凝集,故模擬骨侵入性提升。
本發明所使用之單體(A)並無特別限制,若為可藉由後述聚合起始劑(C)進行聚合之單體即可。單體(A)可配合使用目的而使用單官能單體、多官能單體之任一種。
作為單體(A),可使用例如(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體及其他乙烯基化合物。其中,由對於人體刺激較低之觀點而言,較佳為(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體。本發明中所謂「(甲基)丙烯酸酯」係丙烯酸酯及甲基丙烯酸酯之總稱。又,一般而言,具有酸性基之單體係對硬組織之接黏性優良,進而具有作為後述去錯化劑之作用,在使用烷基硼烷‧胺錯合物作為聚合起始劑(C)時,藉由使用具有酸性基之單體亦可使聚合反應開始。從而,例如相對於不具酸性基之(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體,適量併用具有酸性基之單體亦可使接黏性提升。
作為不具酸性基之單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體的 具體例,可舉例如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸十二酯、(甲基)丙烯酸月桂酯、(甲基)丙烯酸環己酯、(甲基)丙烯酸苯甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸降酯等(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羥基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羥基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-3-羥基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-4-羥基丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-5-羥基戊酯、(甲基)丙烯酸-6-羥基己酯、單(甲基)丙烯酸-1,2-二羥基丙酯、單(甲基)丙烯酸-1,3-二羥基丙酯、單(甲基)丙烯酸赤藻糖酯等(甲基)丙烯酸之羥基烷基酯;二乙二醇單(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇單(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇單(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇單(甲基)丙烯酸酯等聚烷二醇單(甲基)丙烯酸酯;乙二醇單甲醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙二醇單乙醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二乙二醇單甲醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇單甲醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇單甲醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇單烷基醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯等(聚)烷二醇單烷基醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯;(甲基)丙烯酸全氟辛酯、(甲基)丙烯酸六氟丁酯等(甲基)丙烯酸之氟烷基酯;γ-(甲基)丙烯氧基丙基三甲氧矽烷、γ-(甲基)丙烯氧基丙基三(三甲基矽烷氧基)矽烷等具有(甲基)丙烯氧基烷基的矽烷化合物;以及(甲基)丙烯酸四氫呋喃甲酯等具有雜環的(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
不具酸性基之多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體的具體例,可舉例如乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、己二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、新戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯等烷多元醇之聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯;二乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯 酸酯、三乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚丙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二丁二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二新戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯等聚氧烷多元醇聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯;下述式(1)所表示的脂環系或芳香族二(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
(式(2)中,R、n及R1係與上述式(1)中之R、n及R1相同);下述式(3)所表示的於分子中具有聚胺基甲酸乙酯鍵結的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
以上所例示之化合物中,作為單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體,較佳為(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯等(甲基)丙烯酸烷基酯;(甲基)丙烯酸-2-羥基乙酯、單(甲基)丙烯酸-1,3-二羥基丙酯、單(甲基)丙烯酸赤藻糖酯等(甲基)丙烯酸之羥基烷基酯;三乙二醇單甲醚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三乙二醇單(甲基)丙烯酸酯等聚乙二醇單(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
以上所例示之化合物中,作為多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體,較佳為三乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二(甲基)丙 烯酸酯等分子內具有乙二醇鏈的二(甲基)丙烯酸酯;下述式(1)-a所表示的化合物:
(式(1)-a中,R、m及n係與上述式(1)中之R、m及n相同);下述式(2)-a所表示的化合物:
(式(2)-a中,R係與上述式(1)中之R相同);下述式(3)-a所表示的化合物;
(式(3)-a中,R係與上述式(1)中之R相同)。
此等(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體亦可併用2種以上。
作為具有酸性基之單體的具體例,可舉例如(甲基)丙烯酸以及其酐、1,4-二(甲基)丙烯醯氧乙基苯均四酸、6-(甲基)丙烯醯氧乙基萘-1,2,6-三羧酸、N-(甲基)丙烯醯基對胺基苯甲酸、N-(甲基)丙烯醯基鄰胺基苯甲酸、N-(甲基)丙烯醯基間胺基苯甲酸、N-(甲 基)丙烯醯基-5-胺基水楊酸、N-(甲基)丙烯醯基-4-胺基水楊酸、4-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基乙基苯偏三甲酸以及其酐、4-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基丁基苯偏三甲酸以及其酐、4-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基己基苯偏三甲酸以及其酐、4-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基癸基苯偏三甲酸以及其酐、2-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基苯甲酸、3-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基苯甲酸、4-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基苯甲酸、β-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基乙基琥珀酸氫酯、β-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基乙基順丁二酸氫酯、β-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基乙基酞酸氫酯、11-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基-1,1-十一烷二羧酸、對乙烯基苯甲酸等具有羧酸基或其酐基的單體;(2-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基乙基)磷酸、(2-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基乙基苯基)磷酸、10-(甲基)丙烯醯氧基癸基磷酸等具有磷酸基的單體;以及對苯乙烯磺酸、2-丙烯醯胺-2-甲基丙磺酸等具有磺酸基的單體。其中較佳為以4-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基苯偏三甲酸以及其酐。
此等具有酸性基之單體亦可併用2種以上。又,具有酸性基之單體亦可作成鈣鹽而使用。
單體(A)之調配量較佳為10~45質量份、更佳20~45質量份、特佳25~36質量份(成分(A)~(C)之合計設為100質量份)。上述各範圍之下限值係在塗佈之容易性或操作性、對骨組織內之侵入性等方面具有意義。上限值係在接黏強度、機械物性等方面具有意義。在單體(A)含有具酸性基之單體時,具有酸性基之單體的量係相對於單體(A)100質量%,較佳為0.01~20質量%。
本發明所使用之聚合體(B)的種類並無特別限定,較佳係構成聚合體(B)之單體之一部分或全部為由與先前說明之單體(A)中之一 部分單體或全部單體相同種類之單體所衍生的單體單位。本發明中所謂「聚合體」為均聚物及共聚合體之總稱。作為聚合體(B),可使用例如(甲基)丙烯酸酯系聚合體及其他之乙烯基系聚合體。其中,較佳為(甲基)丙烯酸酯系聚合體。
作為(甲基)丙烯酸酯系聚合體之具體例,可舉例如聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯‧(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯共聚合體、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯‧(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯共聚合體、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯‧苯乙烯共聚合體等非交聯聚合物;(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯‧乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚合體、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯‧三乙二醇二(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚合體、(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯與丁二烯系單體的共聚合體等交聯聚合體;以及部分形成鈣鹽的聚合物等。又,亦可為金屬氧化物或金屬鹽被非交聯聚合體或交聯聚合體所被覆的有機‧無機複合體。
聚合體(B)的形態並無特別限定,較佳為粉末狀。聚合體粉末可單獨使用1種之聚合體粉末,亦可使用複數種之聚合體粉末的混合物。其中,較佳係使用比表面積及/或體積平均粒徑相異之2種以上聚合體粉末的混合物。
使用為聚合體(B)之聚合體粉末之各粒子的形態,可為球形、不定形之任一種,較佳係使用球形之聚合體粉末與不定形之聚合體粉末的混合物。由於球形粒子之比表面積較小、不定形粒子之比表面積較大,故兩者可由比表面積之差異而區別。本發明中,作為球形之聚合體粉末,較佳係使用比表面積為0.05~0.5m2/g的聚合體粉末(b1);作為不定形之聚合體粉末,較佳係使用比表面積為1.5~4.5m2/g的聚合體粉末(b3)。再者,合併使用具有球形之聚 合體粉末(b1)與不定形之聚合體粉末(b3)之中間形態的比表面積為0.51~1.2m2/g的聚合體粉末(b2)亦為較佳。比表面積之測定方法係如後述實施例之欄所記載。
聚合體粉末(b1)之比表面積為0.05~0.5m2/g、較佳0.1~0.4m2/g。聚合體粉末(b2)之比表面積為0.51~1.2m2/g、較佳0.7~1.1m2/g。聚合體粉末(b3)之比表面積為1.5~4.5m2/g、較佳2.5~3.5m2/g。
聚合體粉末(b1)之重量平均分子量較佳為1萬~500萬、更佳5萬~154萬、特佳10萬~50萬。聚合體粉末(b2)之重量平均分子量較佳為1萬~500萬、更佳5萬~166萬、特佳10萬~50萬。聚合體粉末(b3)之重量平均分子量較佳為15萬~500萬、更佳20萬~115萬、特佳24萬~67萬。重量平均分子量之測定方法係如後述實施例之欄所記載,藉由凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)所求得之標準聚苯乙烯換算的分子量。
聚合體粉末(b1)之體積平均粒徑較佳為12.7~77μm、更佳15~45μm、最佳17.5~35μm。聚合體粉末(b2)之體積平均粒徑較佳為1~15μm、更佳3.5~10μm。聚合體粉末(b3)之體積平均粒徑較佳為0.3~60μm、更佳7.5~50μm、最佳15.7~40μm。體積平均粒徑之測定方法係如後述實施例之欄所記載。
聚合體(B)之重量平均分子量(亦即,在單獨使用一種聚合體時為此聚合體之重量平均分子量,又,在使用2種以上之聚合體之混合物時,為混合物全體之重量平均分子量),較佳為5萬~500萬、更佳7.5萬~200萬、特佳7.5萬~88萬、最佳10萬~40萬。聚合體(B)為粉末狀時之體積平均粒徑(亦即,在單獨使用一種 聚合體粉末時為此聚合體粉末之體積平均粒徑,又,在使用2種以上之聚合體粉末之混合物時,為混合物全體之體積平均粒徑),較佳為10~80μm、更佳15~45μm、特佳15~30μm。
聚合體(B)之調配量較佳為54.9~80質量份、更佳56.7~73.7質量份、特佳59.7~70.7質量份(成分(A)~(C)之合計設為100質量份)。聚合體(B)100質量%中之聚合體粉末(b1)量,較佳為50.5~95質量%、更佳53~85質量%。聚合體粉末(b2)量較佳為0~33.5質量%、更佳0~25質量%。聚合體粉末(b3)量較佳為5~49.5質量%、更佳15~47質量%。
聚合體(B)中,體積平均粒徑超過2.0μm之聚合體粉末之含量較佳係超過70質量%、更佳80質量%以上、特佳90質量%以上。
作為本發明所使用之聚合起始劑(C)並無特別限定,可使用公知之各種化合物。其中較佳為有機過氧化物、有機硼化合物,特佳為有機硼化合物。
作為有機過氧化物,可舉例如過氧化二乙醯、過氧化二異丁基、過氧化二癸醯、過氧化苯甲醯(BPO)、過氧化琥珀酸等過氧化二醯基類;過氧化二異丙基二碳酸酯、過氧化二-2-乙基己基二碳酸酯、過氧化二烯丙基二碳酸酯等之過氧化二碳酸酯類;過氧化第三丁基異丁酸酯、第三丁基新癸酸酯、過氧化異丙苯新癸酸酯等過氧化酯類;過氧化乙醯基環己基磺醯等之過氧化磺酸酯類。
有機過氧化物亦可與三級胺、或亞磺酸或其鹼金屬鹽 類及三級胺組合使用為氧化還原起始劑。其中,較佳為過氧化苯甲醯(BPO)與N,N-二甲基對甲苯胺、過氧化苯甲醯(BPO)與N,N-二羥基乙基對甲苯胺。
N,N-二甲基對甲苯胺、N,N-二羥基乙基對甲苯胺等之三級胺,較佳係事先添加至單體(A)而使用。其添加量較佳為5.0質量份以下、更佳0.1~3.0質量份、特佳0.25~2.6質量份(將單體(A)與三級胺之合計設為100質量份)。若使用三級胺,則即使在室溫下仍因電子移動而發生自由基種,故即使不加熱仍可輕易開始聚合反應。
作為有機硼化合物,可舉例如三烷基硼、烷氧基烷基硼、二烷基硼烷以及部分氧化三烷基硼、烷基硼‧胺錯合物等。
作為三烷基硼之具體例,可舉例如三乙基硼、三丙基硼、三異丙基硼、三丁基硼、三第二丁基硼、三異丁基硼、三戊基硼、三己基硼、三庚基硼、三辛基硼、三環戊基硼、三環己基硼等具有碳原子數2~8之烷基的三烷基硼。烷基可為直鏈狀烷基、分枝狀烷基、環烷基之任一種,三烷基硼所含之3個烷基可為相同或相異。
作為烷氧基烷基硼之具體例,可舉例如丁氧基二丁基硼等單烷氧基二烷基硼、二烷氧基單烷基硼。烷氧基烷基硼所具有之烷基與此烷氧基之烷基部可為相同或相異。
作為二烷基硼烷之具體例,可舉例如二環己基硼烷、二異戊基硼烷等。二烷基硼烷所具有的2個烷基可為相同或相異。二烷基硼烷所含有的2個烷基亦可鍵結而形成單環構造或雙環構造。作為此種化合物,可舉例如9-硼雙環[3.3.1]壬烷。
部分氧化的三烷基硼係三烷基硼之部分氧化物。其中,較佳為部份氧化三丁基硼。對於三烷基硼1莫耳所加成之氧量較佳為0.3~0.9莫耳、更佳0.4~0.6莫耳。
作為烷基硼烷‧胺錯合物之具體例,可舉例如三乙基硼烷‧二胺基丙烷(TEB-DAP)、三乙基硼烷‧二伸乙基三胺(TEB-DETA)、三正丁基硼烷‧3-甲氧基丙基胺(TnBB-MOPA)、三正丁基硼烷‧二胺基丙烷(TnBB-DAP)、三第二丁基硼烷‧二胺基丙烷(TsBB-DAP)、甲基胺基乙氧基二乙基硼烷(MAEDEB)、甲基胺基乙氧基二環己基硼烷(MAEDCB)及由此等衍生之衍生物。此等烷基硼烷‧胺錯合物可單獨或組合2種以上使用。
在烷基硼烷‧胺錯合物使用為聚合起始劑(C)時,更佳係與單體(A)一同使用去錯化劑。此所謂「去錯化劑」係意指可由烷基硼烷.胺錯合物使烷基硼烷游離的化合物,而可藉由烷基硼烷之游離開始聚合反應。
作為適當之去錯化劑,可使用例如任意酸、或具有酸性基之單體(作為上述單體(A)所使用的具酸性基之單體)。作為較佳之酸,可舉例如路易斯酸(例如SnCl4、TiCl4)、布忍斯特酸(例如羧酸類、HCl、H2SO4、H3PO4、膦酸、次磷酸、矽酸)等。作為較佳之羧酸類,可舉例如一般式R-COOH所示者。此式中,R表示氫原子、碳原子數1~8之烷基(較佳係碳原子數1~4之烷基)、碳原子數2~8之烯基(較佳係碳原子數2~4之烯基)、碳原子數2~8之炔基(較佳係碳原子數2~4之炔基)、或碳原子數6~10之芳基(較佳係碳原子數6~8之芳基)。R中之烷基、烯基、炔基可為直鏈狀,亦可為分枝狀。R中之脂肪族基可為飽和、亦可為不飽和。R中之芳基亦可被烷基、 烷氧基或鹵原子等取代基所取代,亦可為無取代。作為上述一般式所示羧酸的具體例,可舉例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、醋酸、苯甲酸、對甲氧基苯甲酸。作為具有酸性基之單體的具體例,於上述單體(A)中,較佳為4-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基苯偏三甲酸及其酐。
有機硼化合物中,較佳為三丁基硼或部份氧化三丁基硼,特佳為部份氧化三丁基硼。在使用三丁基硼、部份氧化三丁基硼作為有機硼化合物時,不僅操作性變佳,尚有對於含有水分之生物體具有適當反應性的傾向。再者,使用三丁基硼、部份氧化三丁基硼作為有機硼化合物時,即使在如生物體般水分多之場所仍開始反應且反應進行,故在接黏劑與生物體間的界面,單體不易殘留,因此對於生物體之危害性極小。此等有機硼化合物可單獨或組合2種以上而使用。
有機硼化合物亦可進一步含有非質子性溶劑。若藉由非質子性溶劑稀釋有機硼化合物,則具發火性之有機硼化合物之發熱性變得更加緩和,抑制其發火性,於搬送時、保存時及混合時之處理變得容易。又,由於可抑制急遽發熱,故在極大量地使用硬組織修補用組成物時,仍有對與硬組織修補用組成物接觸之組織之損傷變少的傾向。非質子性溶劑於1大氣壓下的沸點通常為30℃~150℃,較佳為50℃~120℃。在沸點未滿上述範圍時,在搬送時或保存中,非質子性溶劑自聚合起始劑揮發、飛散等,而有機硼化合物之發火抑制效果有降低的傾向。再者,在沸點超過上述範圍時,非質子性溶劑對由本發明之硬組織修補用組成物所形成之硬化物的殘留變多,而有硬化物對於患部之接黏強度、彎曲彈性係數、拉張強度、壓縮強度、彎曲強度等物性缺乏的傾向。
作為非質子性溶劑,較佳係不具有含有與有機硼化合物進行反應之羥基、巰基等活性氫之基,且可與有機硼化合物形成均勻溶液的溶劑。
作為非質子性溶劑,可舉例如戊烷、己烷、環己烷、庚烷、苯、甲苯等烴;氟苯、1,1-二氯乙烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氟氯碳化物等鹵化烴;二乙醚、二異丙醚、乙二醇二甲醚、四氫呋喃等醚類;丙酮、甲基乙基酮、二乙基酮等酮類;乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸異丙酯等酯類。其中,較佳為戊烷、己烷、庚烷等飽和脂肪族烴、醚類、酯類;更佳為己烷、二異丙醚、乙酸乙酯。此等非質子性溶劑可單獨或組合2種以上而使用。
非質子性溶劑之含量係相對於有機硼化合物100質量份,較佳為30~80質量份。在非質子性溶劑之含量未滿上述範圍的情況,有無法獲得充分之稀釋效果、發熱或發火之抑制效果不足的傾向。另一方面,在非質子性溶劑之含量超過上述範圍的情況,有聚合起始劑(C)之聚合起始能降低的傾向。
有機硼化合物係亦可除了非質子性溶劑、或取代非質子性溶劑而含有醇類。藉由於有機硼化合物添加醇類,則有機硼化合物所造成之反應可於不使聚合活性降低之下變得更加緩和,有抑制於空氣中接觸至紙等構件時之焦化或發火的傾向。
醇類於1大氣壓下之沸點通常為60℃~180℃,較佳60℃~120℃。在沸點未滿上述範圍時,於搬送或保存中,非質子性溶劑由聚合起始劑組成物中揮發、飛散,有機硼化合物之發火抑制效果有降低的傾向。另一方面,在沸點超過上述範圍時,硬組織修補用組成物之硬化時間有變長的傾向,而有硬化物對於患部之接黏 強度、彎曲彈性係數、拉張強度、壓縮強度、彎曲強度等物性缺乏的傾向。
作為醇類之具體例,可舉例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇及其異構物、正丁醇及其異構物、正戊醇及其異構物、正己醇及其異構物、正庚醇及其異構物等。其中,較佳係碳原子數4以下的醇類,亦即甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇及其異構物、正丁醇及其異構物,更佳係乙醇及正丙醇。此等醇類可單獨或組合2種以上使用。
醇類之含量係相對於有機硼化合物100重量份,通常為0.01~40質量份、較佳0.1~30質量份、更佳0.5~20質量份。醇類之含量係在未滿上述範圍的情況,有無法獲得充分之稀釋效果,發熱或發火之抑制效果不足之傾向。另一方面,在超過上述範圍時,有使聚合起始劑之聚合起始能降低至所需以上的傾向。
在併用醇類與非質子性溶劑時,相對於有機硼化合物100重量份,非質子性溶劑之含量較佳為5~40重量、更佳10~30重量份、特佳10~25重量份。在非質子性溶劑含量未滿上述範圍時,有發熱或發火之抑制效果不足之傾向。另一方面,在超過上述範圍時,有使聚合起始劑(C)之聚合起始能降低的傾向。
相對於單體(A)、聚合體(B)及聚合起始劑(C)之合計100重量份,聚合起始劑(C)之調配量較佳為0.1~10質量份、更佳1.0~7.0質量份、特佳2.1~4.3質量份。在聚合起始劑(C)之調配量未滿上述範圍時,聚合不易進行,有硬化時間變慢的傾向。另一方面,在超過上述範圍時,有因稀釋而黏度降低的可能性、對安全性造成不良影響的可能性,或者亦可預期到聚合急遽進行而快速地形成聚合硬化物。
本發明所使用之造影劑(X)之體積平均粒徑為3μm以上、較佳3.0~25.1μm、更佳3.0~18.0μm、特佳3.5~15.5μm、最佳4.0~13.0μm。可認為此種較大體積平均粒徑之造影劑(X)係不易凝集,其結果係組成物對海綿骨之侵入性提升,與被接黏體間之密黏性優越。體積平均粒徑之測定方法係如後述實施例之欄所記載般。
造影劑(X)之種類並無特別限定。作為具體例可舉例如硫酸鋇、氧化鋯、碳酸鉍、鎢酸鈣、釔、碘化合物。其中,由硬組織用途、尤其是具有作為骨水泥之使用實際績效而言,較佳為硫酸鋇、氧化鋯。造影劑(X)較佳係單獨形成粒子者。又,較佳係表面未經被覆(例如未被二氧化鈦等所被覆)。
造影劑(X)之調配量係相對於單體(A)、聚合體(B)及聚合起始劑(C)之合計100質量份,較佳為0.5~70質量份、更佳0.5~45質量份、更佳2.5~33.8質量份、最佳4.5~22.5質量份。
造影劑(X)係不被封入及/或吸附至聚合體(B)內部,在調製硬組織修補用組成物時,較佳係分散於硬化前之液體成分中(單體(A)、聚合起始劑(C)等)。造影劑(X)中,較佳係80質量%以上分散於液體成分中、更佳係90質量%以上分散於液體成分中、特佳係95質量%以上分散於液體成分中、最佳係99質量%以上分散於液體成分中。
造影劑(X)較佳係不被封入及/或吸附至聚合體(B)內部。造影劑(X)中,被封入及/或吸附至聚合體(B)內部之造影劑(X)的量較佳為20質量%以下、更佳10質量%以下、特佳1質量%以 下、最佳0.1質量%以下。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物所含之液體成分中,期望為50質量%以上為單體(A),較佳係60質量%以上為單體(A)、更佳係70質量%以上為單體(A)、特佳係80質量%以上為單體(A)、最佳係90質量%以上為單體(A)。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物中所含之液體成分(其中,聚合體(B)內之液體除外)中,水含量期望為20質量%以下,較佳為10質量%以下、更佳5.0質量%以下、特佳3.0質量%以下、最佳1.5質量%以下。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物所含之全體之液體成分中,水含量期望為25質量%以下,較佳15質量%以下、更佳10質量%以下、特佳5.0質量%以下、最佳3.0質量%以下。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物中,視需要亦可含有聚合抑制劑。作為聚合抑制劑之具體例,可舉例如氫醌、二丁基氫醌等氫醌化合物類,氫醌單甲基醚、2,6-二-第三丁基酚、2,6-二-第三丁基對甲酚等酚類、鄰苯二酚、五倍子酚、苯醌、2-羥基苯醌、對甲氧基酚、第三丁基鄰苯二酚、丁基化羥基苯甲醚、丁基化羥基甲苯、第三丁基氫醌。其中,較佳為氫醌單甲醚及2,6-二-第三丁基對甲酚的混合物。又,由其本身之穩定性方面而言,有時較佳為氫醌單甲醚。聚合抑制劑可單獨或組合2種以上而使用。
聚合抑制劑之添加量係相對於硬組織修補用組成物總量,較佳為1~1500ppm、更佳5~1000ppm、特佳5~500ppm。又, 聚合抑制劑(D)之添加量係相對於單體(A),為10~5000ppm、較佳25~1000ppm、特佳25~500ppm。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物係視需要亦可含有紫外線吸收劑。作為紫外線吸收劑之具體例,可舉例如:2-(2’-羥基-5’-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’,5’-二-第三丁基-2’-羥基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(5’-第三丁基-2’-羥基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2’-羥基-5’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’,5’-二-第三丁基-2’-羥基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-第三丁基-2’-羥基-5’-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-第二丁基-5’-第三丁基-2’-羥基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2’-羥基-4’-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’,5’-二-第三戊基-2’-羥基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’,5’-雙(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2’-羥基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’-第三丁基-2’-羥基-5’-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-第三丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰乙基]-2’-羥基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-第三丁基-2’-羥基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(3’-第三丁基-2’-羥基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’-第三丁基-2’-羥基-5’-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’-第三丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2’-羥基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’-十二烷基-2’-羥基-5’甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3’-第三丁基-2’-羥基-5’-(2-異辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑與2,2’-亞甲基-雙[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基酚]之混合物、2-[3’-第三丁基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2’-羥基苯基]苯并三唑與聚乙二醇300之酯交換反應生成物、[[R-CH2CH2-COOCH2]3]2-(式中的R為3’-第三丁基-4’-羥基-5’-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基)等苯并三唑化合物;2,4-二羥基二苯甲酮、2-羥基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羥基-4-辛 氧基二苯甲酮、2-羥基-4-癸氧基二苯甲酮、2-羥基-4-十二烷氧基二苯甲酮、2-羥基-4-苄基氧基二苯甲酮、2,2’,4,4’-四羥基二苯甲酮、2,2’-二羥基-4,4’-二甲氧基二苯甲酮等二苯甲酮化合物;水楊酸-4-第三丁基苯酯、水楊酸苯酯、水楊酸辛基苯酯、二苯甲醯間苯二酚、雙(4-第三丁基苯甲醯基)間苯二酚、苯甲醯基間苯二酚、2,4-二-第三丁基苯基-3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸酯、十六烷基-3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸酯、十八烷基-3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸酯、苯甲酸-2-甲基-4,6-二-第三丁基苯酯、苯甲酸-3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苯甲酸酯;雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)正丁基-3,5-二-第三丁基-4-羥基苄基丙二酸酯、1-羥乙基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羥基哌啶與琥珀酸的縮合生成物、N,N’-雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亞甲基二胺與4-第三辛基胺基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-s-三氮雜苯的縮合生成物、參(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)氮基三乙酸酯、肆(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四油酸酯、1,1’-(1,2-乙烷二基)雙(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲醯基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂醯氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、雙(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羥基-3,5-二-第三丁基苄基)丙二酸酯、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、雙(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、雙(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、N,N’-雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亞甲基二胺與4-啉基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三氮雜苯的縮合生成物、2-氯-4,6-二-(4-正丁基胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯與1,2-雙 (3-胺丙基胺基)乙烷的縮合產物、2-氯-4,6-二-(4-正丁基胺基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯與1,2-雙(3-胺丙基胺基)乙烷的縮合生成物、8-乙醯基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮雜螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯啶-2,5-二酮、以及3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯啶-2,5-二酮等受阻胺化合物;4,4’-二辛氧基草醯苯胺、2,2’-二乙氧基草醯苯胺、2,2’-二辛氧基-5,5’-二-第三丁基草醯苯胺、2,2’-二(十二烷氧基)-5,5’-二-第三丁基草醯苯胺、2-乙氧基-2’-乙基草醯苯胺、N,N’-雙(3-二甲基胺基丙基)草醯胺、2-乙氧基-5-第三丁基-2’-乙基草醯苯胺與2-乙氧基-2’-乙基-5,4’-二-第三丁基草醯苯胺及其混合物、鄰-及對-甲氧基、以及鄰-及對-乙氧基-雙取代草醯苯胺的混合物等草醯胺化合物;2,4,6-參(2-羥基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯、2-(2-羥基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯、2-(2,4-二羥苯基)-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯、2,4-雙(2-羥基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲苯基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯、2-(2-羥基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-雙(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯、2-(2-羥基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯、2-[2-羥基-4-(2-羥基-3-丁氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲苯基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯、2-[2-羥基-4-(2-羥基-3-辛氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯、2-[4-十二烷/十三烷氧基-(2-羥丙基)氧基-2-羥苯基]-4,6-雙(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯等2-(2-羥苯基)-1,3,5-三氮雜苯化合物;三苯基亞磷酸酯、二苯基烷基亞磷酸酯、苯基二烷基亞磷酸 酯、參(壬基苯基亞磷酸酯)、三月桂基亞磷酸酯、三(十八烷基)亞磷酸酯、二硬脂醯新戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、參(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)亞磷酸酯、二異癸基新戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)新戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,6-二-第三丁基-4-甲苯基)新戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙異癸氧基新戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,4-二-第三丁基-6-甲基苯基)新戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、雙(2,4,6-三-第三丁基苯基)新戊四醇二亞磷酸酯、三硬脂醯山梨醇三亞磷酸酯、肆(2,4-二-第三丁基苯基)4,4’-雙伸苯基二亞膦酸酯、6-異辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四-第三丁基-12H-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧磷雜八環、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四-第三丁基-12-甲基二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧磷雜八環、雙(2,4-二-第三丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基亞磷酸酯、及雙(2,4-二-第三丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基亞磷酸酯等亞磷酸酯化合物或亞膦酸酯化合物。其中較佳為苯并三唑化合物。
紫外線吸收劑之添加量係相對於單體(A),較佳為10~1,000ppm,更佳100~800ppm。藉由添加紫外線吸收劑,可抑制含有單體之液體的著色,有提升單體本身之保存穩定性之傾向。
作為其他成分之例子,可進一步舉例如軟質劑、可塑劑。
作為軟質劑,可舉例如天然橡膠、合成橡膠等橡膠、熱可塑性彈性體等彈性體。藉由此種軟質劑可提高硬組織修補用組成物的柔軟性。作為合成橡膠之具體例,可舉例如EPT(乙烯‧丙烯‧三元共聚物)。作為熱可塑性彈性體之具體例,可舉例如苯乙烯系彈性體、氯乙烯系彈性體、烯烴系彈性體、聚酯系彈性體、聚醯胺系彈性體、聚胺基甲酸酯系彈性體。彈性體之分子量通常為 1000~100萬,較佳2000~50萬。彈性體之玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)通常為20℃以下、較佳0℃以下。
作為可塑劑之具體例,可舉例如檸檬酸酯、異檸檬酸酯、酒石酸酯、蘋果酸酯、乳酸酯、甘油酸酯、甘醇酸酯等羥基羧酸酯;苯偏三酸三甲酯、二苯甲酸二乙二醇酯、丙二酸二乙酯、鄰乙醯基檸檬酸三乙酯、酞酸苄基丁酯、二苯甲酸二丙二醇酯、己二酸二乙酯、鄰乙醯基檸檬酸三丁酯、癸二酸二甲酯、以及伸烷二醇二酯等。
軟質劑及可塑劑的添加量係視其種類而適當決定即可,於硬組織修補用組成物整體中,通常為0~30質量%、較佳0~20質量%、更佳0~10質量%。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物中視需要亦可含有保存劑。作為保存劑之具體例,可舉例如對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸甲酯鈉、對羥基苯甲酸乙酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯鈉、對羥基苯甲酸丁酯;甲酚、氯甲酚、間苯二酚、4-正己基間苯二酚、3a,4,7,7a-四氫-2-((三氯甲基)硫基)-1H-異吲哚-1,3-(2H)-二酮、氯化苯二甲羥銨、氯化苯二甲羥銨鈉、氯化苯銨松寧、苯甲酸、苄醇、西吡氯銨、氯丁醇、去氫乙酸、鄰苯酚、酚、苯乙醇、苯甲酸鉀、己二烯酸鉀、苯甲酸鈉、去氫乙酸鈉、丙酸鈉、己二烯酸、乙汞硫柳酸鈉、瑞香草酚、硼酸苯基汞、硝酸苯基汞、乙酸苯基汞等苯基汞化合物、甲醛。
作為其他成分,可進一步舉例如抗感染劑、抗生物質、抗菌劑、抗病毒劑、鎮痛藥、鎮痛藥的調配物、食欲抑制藥、抗蠕蟲藥、抗關節炎藥、抗氣喘藥、抗痙攣藥、抗憂鬱藥、抗利尿 藥、止瀉藥、抗組織胺藥、消炎藥、抗偏頭痛藥劑、止吐劑、抗癌藥、抗巴金森症藥、止癢藥、抗精神病藥、退燒藥、鎮痙藥、抗膽鹼作用藥、交感神經興奮劑、心臟血管藥劑、抗心律不整藥、抗高血壓藥、利尿藥、血管擴張劑、免疫抑制藥、肌肉鬆弛劑、副交感神經抑制藥、提神藥、鎮靜劑、精神安定劑、膽鹼作用藥、化學治療藥、放射性藥物、骨誘導性藥、膀胱靜止性之肝素中和劑、凝血原、止血劑、黃嘌呤衍生物、荷爾蒙、天然來源或藉基因工程所合成之蛋白質、多醣類、醣蛋白質、脂蛋白質、寡核苷酸、抗體、抗原、升壓素、升壓素類似物、腎上腺素、選擇素、促凝血性的毒物、胞漿素原活化抑制劑、血小板活性劑、骨形成因子、骨生長因子、具有止血作用的合成胜肽、以及其他藥學或治療成分。藉由含有此等成分,本發明之硬組織修補用組成物亦可使用於藥物傳遞系統(Drug Delivery System)或再生醫學用途。
作為抗菌劑之具體例,可舉例如元素碘、固態聚乙烯吡咯啶酮碘、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮碘;三溴酚、三氯酚、四氯酚、硝基酚、3-甲基-4-氯酚、3,5-二甲基-4-氯酚、苯氧基乙醇、二氯苯、鄰苯酚、間苯酚、對苯酚、2-苯甲基-4-氯酚、2,4-二氯-3,5-二甲酚、4-氯瑞香草酚、氯苯那(chlorphen)、三氯沙、芬替克洛(fenticlor)、酚、2-甲基酚、3-甲基酚、4-甲基酚、4-乙基酚、2,4-二甲基酚、2,5-二甲基酚、3,4-二甲基酚、2,6-二甲基酚、4-正丙基酚、4-正丁基酚、4-正戊基酚、4-第三戊基酚、4-正己基酚、4-正庚基酚、單烷基鹵素酚、多烷基鹵素酚、芳香族鹵素酚、以及此等之銨鹽、鹼金屬鹽及鹼土族金屬鹽等酚化合物;硝酸銀、六氯酚、紅溴汞。
作為抗生物質之具體例,可舉例如健他黴素、健他黴 素硫酸鹽、妥布黴素、妥布黴素硫酸鹽、艾米克信、艾米克信硫酸鹽、達苄黴素、達苄黴素硫酸鹽、萬古黴素、萬古黴素鹽酸鹽、弗斯黴素、頭孢若林、頭孢若林鈉鹽、米諾四環素、克林達黴素、黏菌素、利奈唑胺、四環素鹽酸鹽、四環素水合物、氧四環素及紅黴素。
抗生物質之添加量係視其種類而適當決定即可,相對於聚合體(B)、聚合起始劑(C)及造影劑(X)之合計100質量%,通常為0~30質量%、較佳0~20質量%、更佳0~10質量%。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物係以促進組織修復為目的,亦可含有骨形成因子、骨成長因子、及其他藥學或治療性成分。
作為其他成分,進一步如香料。作為香料之具體例,可舉例如橙油、葡萄柚油、檸檬油、萊姆油、丁香油、冬青油、薄荷油、薄荷精、香蕉萃取物、胡瓜萃取物、蜂蜜萃取物、玫瑰水、薄荷醇、茴香腦、水楊酸烷基酯、苯甲醛、麩胺酸鈉、乙基香草醛、瑞香草酚、香草醛。
作為其他成分之例子,進一步以與周邊骨組織間之視覺區別之明瞭化、密黏性提升、壓縮強度等物性之強化、或活性自由基種之補充而減低對周邊骨組織之侵襲性為目的,有如無機填充劑(其中,上述X射線造影劑除外)、有機填充劑、有機複合填料、著色劑。
作為無機填充劑之具體例,可舉例如鉍氧化物、鈦氧化物、氧化鋅、氧化鋁粒子等金屬氧化物粉末;磷酸鋯等金屬鹽粉末;矽玻璃、含鋁玻璃、含鋇玻璃、含鍶玻璃、矽酸鋯玻璃等玻璃 填料;具有銀緩釋性的填料;具有鈣緩釋性的填料;以及具有氟緩釋性的填料。由硬化後之無機填充劑與單體(A)間形成堅固鍵結的觀點而言,較佳係施行了矽烷處理、高分子塗布等表面處理的無機填充劑。此等無機填充劑可單獨或組合2種以上而使用。
作為著色劑之具體例,可舉例如紅色2號及其鋁色澱、紅色3號及其鋁色澱、紅色102號及其鋁色澱、紅色104號之(1)及其鋁色澱或鋇色澱、紅色105號之(1)及其鋁色澱、紅色106號及其鋁色澱、黃色4號及其鋁色澱或鋇色澱或鋯色澱、黃色5號及其鋁色澱或鋇色澱或鋯色澱、綠色3號及其鋁色澱、藍色1號及其鋁色澱或鋇色澱或鋯色澱、藍色2號之及其鋁色澱、紅色201號、紅色202號、紅色203號、紅色204號、紅色205號、紅色206號、紅色207號、紅色208號、紅色213號、紅色214號、紅色215號、紅色218號、紅色219號、紅色220號、紅色221號、紅色223號、紅色225號、紅色226號、紅色227及其之鋁色澱、紅色228號、紅色230號之(1)及其鋁色澱、紅色230號之(2)及其鋁色澱、紅色231號及其鋁色澱、紅色232號及其鋁色澱、橙色201號、橙色203號、橙色204號、橙色205號及其鋁色澱或鋇色澱或鋯色澱、橙色206號、橙色207號及其鋁色澱、黃色201號、黃色202號之(1)及其鋁色澱、黃色202號之(2)及其鋁色澱、黃色203號及其鋁色澱或鋇色澱或鋯色澱、黃色204號、黃色205號、綠色201號及其鋁色澱、綠色202號、綠色204號及其鋁色澱、綠色205號及其鋁色澱或鋯色澱、藍色201號、藍色202號及其鋇色澱、藍色203號、藍色204號、藍色205號及其鋁色澱、褐色201號及其鋁色澱、紫色201號、紅色401號及其鋁色澱、紅色404號、紅色405號、紅色 501號、紅色502號及其鋁色澱、紅色503號及其鋁色澱、紅色504號及其鋁色澱、紅色505號、紅色506號及其鋁色澱、橙色401號、橙色402號及其鋁色澱或鋇色澱、橙色403號、黃色401號、黃色402號及其鋁色澱、黃色403號之(1)及其鋁色澱、黃色404號、黃色405號、黃色406號及其鋁色澱、黃色407號及其鋁色澱、綠色401號、綠色402號及其鋁色澱或鋇色澱、藍色403號、藍色404號、紫色401號及其鋁色澱、黑色401號及其鋁色澱;葉綠素、葉綠酸、孔雀綠、水晶紫、亮綠、酞青鈷、胡蘿蔔素、維他命B12及由此等衍生之衍生物。此等著色劑可單獨或組合使用2種以上。
著色劑之添加量係視其種類而適當決定即可,相對於聚合體(B)、聚合起始劑(C)及造影劑(X)之合計100質量%,通常為0~5質量%、較佳0~2質量%、更佳0~1質量%。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物係將單體(A)、聚合體(B)、聚合起始劑(C)、造影劑(X)及其他視需要所含之成分混合而調製。此組成物可藉由例如應用至患部而使用。又,本發明中所謂「硬組織修補用組成物」,係指用於硬組織彼此的接黏、對硬組織內之填充、硬組織與鈦、陶瓷、不鏽鋼等人工物間的接黏及/或密黏、硬組織與軟組織等其他組織間之接黏及/或密黏者,並不包括牙齒與填充物間之接黏(亦即齒科用途)。
將此等各成分混合時,混合順序並無限定,由所得硬組織修補用組成物的穩定性更優異的觀點而言,較佳係先混合單體(A)及聚合起始劑(C),接著混合調配了造影劑(X)之聚合體(B);更 佳係將單體(A)、聚合起始劑(C)及調配了造影劑(X)之聚合體(B)同時混合。
在本發明之硬組織修補用組成物包含聚合抑制劑的情況下,由所得組成物之穩定性更優異的觀點而言,較佳係先混合單體(A)與聚合抑制劑的混合物及聚合起始劑(C),接著混合調配了造影劑(X)之聚合體(B);更佳係將單體(A)與聚合抑制劑之混合物、聚合起始劑(C)及調配了造影劑(X)之聚合體(B)同時混合。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物依以下方法所測定之模擬骨侵入性較佳為1.0mm以上、更佳1.0~6.0mm。藉此,硬組織修補用組成物係與骨組織間之密黏性更加優越。
(模擬骨侵入性之測定方法)
模擬骨侵入性係使生理食鹽水(和光純藥工業製,商品名0.01mol/L磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水)含浸於具有連通氣泡之聚胺基甲酸酯發泡體(空孔率95%),於其上面放置成為軟塊狀且不再拉絲經5分鐘後的組成物,依75kPa之壓力施加負重30秒,測定組成物侵入之深度(mm)。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物所含之粒子(具體而言,於粉末狀時之聚合體(B)、造影劑(X)及其他粒子)全體的體積平均粒徑,較佳為32μm以下、更佳15~26μm。若粒子全體之體積平均粒徑超過26μm,則上述模擬骨侵入性劣化。體積平均粒徑之測定方法係如後述實施例之欄所記載般。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物所含之粒子中,造影劑(X)之含量較佳為1.0質量%以上且未滿20質量%、更佳1.5質量%以上且19質量%以下、特佳2.0質量%以上且18質量%以下。
將本發明之硬組織修補用組成物進行硬化前,例如亦可藉由乾燥‧加熱處理、使用蒸氣、氧化乙烯(EO)、過氧化氫等氣體之處理、過濾處理、使用了液體之處理等之處理進行滅菌,亦可在將硬組織修補用組成物填充至患部前,事先對患部表面以醇等消毒液進行消毒。再者,在將硬組織修補用組成物填充至患部前,亦可以改善與患部間之密黏性為目的進行前處理。作為前處理用之液,可舉例如生理食鹽水。
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物係在有因經過長期間而形態或性能發生變化、損及本發明效果之虞的情況,可將單體(A)、聚合體(B)、聚合起始劑(C)、造影劑(X)及視需要之其他所有成分,依任意組合分割為3種以上,並將此等分別收容於3個以上之構件中,作為硬組織修補用套組而保存。各成分若於即將使用前進行混合而作成硬組織修補用組成物即可。作為用於收容單體(A)或聚合起始劑(C)之構件,較佳係防止此等之揮發及飛散的構件,其具體例可舉例如具有阻氣性之可密閉的樹脂容器或玻璃安瓿。作為用於收容聚合體(B)之構件的具體例,可舉例如可防止吸濕之密閉性良好的樹脂容器或玻璃容器、可藉由環氧乙烷(EO)或過氧化氫等氣體進行滅菌之具通氣性的樹脂製不織布、滅菌紙。
作為硬組織修補用套組,較佳係分割成單體(A)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物、調配了造影劑(X)之聚合體(B)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物、聚合起始劑(C)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物之3種,並個別收容至3個構件中的硬組織修補用 套組。但硬組織修補用套組並不限定於此,例如亦可為分割成單體(A)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物、聚合體(B)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物、造影劑(X)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物、聚合起始劑(C)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物之4種,並個別收容至4個構件中的硬組織修補用套組;亦可為分割成單體(A)與造影劑(X)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物、聚合體(B)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物、聚合起始劑(C)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物之3種,並個別收容至3個構件中的硬組織修補用套組。具有收容了此等各成分之3個以上構件的硬組織修補用套組可作成製品而提供。
在使用硬組織修補用套組時,較佳係將單體(A)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物、與聚合起始劑(C)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物混合,接著混合調配了造影劑(X)之聚合體(B)及其他視需要所含之成分的混合物。又,亦可將此等同時混合。藉由如此混合,容易得到具有更穩定性能之硬組織修補用組成物。
硬組織修補用套組不僅具有收容各成分之構件(例如樹脂容器、玻璃安瓿),亦可具有用於取出各成分並混合之構件(例如水泥槍、混合容器、混合皿、水泥注入器、注射器)。
硬組織修補用套組中,亦可將1個腔室(混合容器)之內部藉由隔壁或分隔件分離為3個以上,於此分離之3個以上處收容各成分。再者,硬組織修補用套組亦可具有用於藉由此隔壁之破壞或移動或分隔件之去除而使調配了造影劑(X)之聚合體(B)接觸至單體(A)及聚合起始劑(C)後,操作攪拌翼將各成分混合的攪拌單元。相較於由各容器取出各成分再混合的情況,此種硬組織修補用 套組係作業較容易。再者,由作業容易方面而言,利用用於由腔室(混合容器)將組成物直接填充至患部之水泥槍等工具亦較有用。
亦可事先對於將硬組織修補用組成物塗佈至骨、軟骨等硬組織等之患部或軟組織、其他鈦、陶瓷、不鏽鋼等人工物時所使用的工具,使其含有聚合起始劑(C)成分之一部分或全部。此時,藉由在即將使用前使單體(A)、聚合體(B)及其他視需要所含成分與工具接觸而調製硬組織修補用組成物,將其直接填充至患部。
作為對患部填充硬組織修補用組成物的工具,可舉例如水泥槍。
硬組織修補用套組亦可具有例如上述醇等消毒液或以改善密黏性為目的之用於前處理的溶液。
在將各成分收納至硬組織修補用套組時,較佳係依各成分不變質(例如單體不硬化)之條件,藉由可見光等電磁波對各成分進行滅菌處理。
以下根據實施例更具體地說明本發明,但本發明並不限定於此等實施例。
(1)比表面積
聚合體粉末之比表面積係於室溫下進行真空脫氣作為前處理,使用裝置B BELSORP-mini(MicrotracBEL公司製),藉由液態氮溫度下之氮氣吸附法進行測定。
(2)重量平均分子量(Mw)
將聚合體粉末溶解於試藥特級四氫呋喃(和光純藥工業公司製),將此溶液藉疏水性0.45μm聚四氟乙烯製過濾器進行過濾。以此過濾後之溶液作為樣本,使用高速液體層析儀(島津製作所製,LC-10AD)、分離管柱(PLgel(10μm)MIXED-BX2)、檢測器(Shodex公司製,RI-101),測定聚合體粉末之重量平均分子量(Mw)(標準聚苯乙烯換算)。
(3)體積平均粒徑D50
使用試藥特級甲醇(和光純藥工業公司製,溶劑折射率1.33)或0.2質量%六甲基磷酸鈉水溶液(和光純藥工業公司製,溶劑折射率1.33)作為分散溶劑,將聚合體粉末或造影劑藉由超音波均質機進行分散5分鐘(輸出25W)。將此分散液作為樣本,使用粒度分佈計(Microtrac公司製,Microtrac MT3300EXII),依裝置Loading Index適量範圍內的濃度條件、且循環速度50%(100%時,65ml/sec)之條件,測定聚合體粉末、造影劑及組成物所含有之全體粒子之體積平均粒徑D50。
(4)模擬骨侵入性
模擬骨侵入性係使生理食鹽水(和光純藥工業製,商品名0.01mol/L磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水)含浸於具有連通氣泡之由聚胺基甲酸酯發泡體所構成的海綿模擬骨(Human Body公司製,商品名SAW1522-507,空孔率95%),於其上面放置成為軟塊狀且不再拉絲經5分鐘後的組成物,依75kPa之壓力施加負重30秒,測定組成物侵入之深度(mm)。
(5)與豬大腿骨之密黏性
針對與豬大腿骨之密黏性,係於食用之豬大腿骨之髓腔內適量填充成為軟塊狀且不再拉絲經5分鐘後之組成物,一邊施加200g負重、一邊於溫度37℃、相對濕度95%RH之環境下使其硬化24小時,測定將此組成物依5mm/分鐘之速度由豬大腿骨鑿穿所需的負荷值(N)。評價方法係參考了「Canadian Journal of Surgery,54(2011)33-38,Stephen Hunt,Craig Stone,Shane Seal」。又,食用之豬大腿骨係事先切斷為長10mm,將髓腔內以生理食鹽水(和光純藥工業製,商品名0.01mol/L磷酸緩衝生理食鹽水)充分洗淨,髓腔之內徑(最小值與最大值之平均值)為10~25mm之範圍,確認無損傷或破裂後再使用。
於實施例1a~6a及比較例1a~6a中,使用甲基丙烯酸甲酯作為單體(A),使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(比表面積=0.32m2/g,Mw=12.1萬,體積平均粒徑D50=21.9μm)作為球狀之聚合體粉體(b1),使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(比表面積=2.9m2/g,Mw=44.2萬,體積平均粒徑D50=21.3μm)作為不定形之聚合體粉末(b3),使用85質量%之部分氧化三丁基硼與15質量%乙醇混合物(三井化學公司製,型號BC-Sli)(將聚合起始劑(C)之合計設為100質量%)作為聚合起始劑(C),使用硫酸鋇(堺化學工業公司製)作為造影劑(X)。
首先依表1及2所示調配比,使聚合體(B)及造影劑(X)均勻分散而調製混合物,並另外於5mL玻璃製取樣管內調製單 體(A)與聚合起始劑(C)之混合物。然後,使用聚丙烯製容器(松風公司製,商品名Trayresin混合器)及矽橡膠製刮勺,將此等2種混合物依23℃混合60秒。將所得混合物靜置適當時間,得到無拉絲並成為軟塊狀的硬組織修補用組成物。使用此組成物進行模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性的評價。結果示於表1及2。
又,表中各成分之由括號所示的調配比,係以成分(A)~(C)之合計100質量份為基準的比率(質量份)。又,成分(b1)及(b3)之調配比,係以聚合體(B)100質量%為基準的比率(質量%)。
如表1及2所示,使用體積平均粒徑較大之硫酸鋇作為造影劑(X)的實施例1a~6a之硬組織修補用組成物,係模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性優越。此硬組織修補用組成物在作為骨水泥而使用於患者治療時可期待提升接黏性。
另一方面,使用了體積平均粒徑較小之硫酸鋇作為造影劑(X)的比較例1a~6a之硬組織修補用組成物,係模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性劣化。又,比較例1a~6a中,硬組織修補用組成物所含之粒子全體之體積平均粒徑最大之比較例6a的硬組織修補用組成物,係模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性最差。由此結果可知,若硬組織修補用組成物所含之粒子全體之體積平均粒徑過大,則反而有模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性降低的傾向。
除了取代硫酸鋇而使用表3所示體積平均粒徑之氧化鋯(高純度化學公司製、商品名氧化鋯(IV),及Aldrich公司製、商品名Zirconium(IV))作為造影劑(X)以外,其餘與實施例4a同樣調製硬組織修補用組成物並進行評價。結果示於表3。
如表3所示,將造影劑(X)由硫酸鋇變更為氧化鋯時亦同樣地,使用體積平均粒徑較大之氧化鋯作為造影劑(X)的實施例1b之硬組織修補用組成物,係模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性優越。另一方面,使用了體積平均粒徑較小之氧化鋯作為造影劑(X)的比較例1b之硬組織修補用組成物,係模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性劣化。
除了取代烷基硼烷系聚合起始劑並依表4及表5所示調配量使用過氧化苯甲醯(Aldrich公司製、商品名Luperox(註冊商標)A75)作為聚合起始劑(C),並於屬於單體(A)之甲基丙烯酸甲酯添加0.5質量%之N,N-二甲基對甲苯胺,並將硫酸鋇之體積平均粒徑如表4及表5變更以外,其餘與實施例4a同樣調製硬組織修補用組成物並進行評價。結果示於表4及5。
如表4及5所示,在將聚合起始劑(C)由烷基硼烷系聚合起始劑變更為過氧化苯甲醯的情況亦同樣地,使用體積平均粒徑較大之硫酸鋇作為造影劑(X)的實施例1c~3c之硬組織修補用組成物,係模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性優越。另一方面,使用了體積平均粒徑較小之硫酸鋇作為造影劑(X)的比較例1c~3c之硬組織修補用組成物,係模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性劣化。
又,若分別比較使用過氧化苯甲醯作為聚合起始劑之實施例1c~3c、與使用烷基硼烷系聚合起始劑作為聚合起始劑(C)之實施例4a~6a,則實施例4a~6a的模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性較優越。由此結果可得知,作為聚合起始劑(C),相較於過氧化苯甲醯等有機過氧化物,烷基硼烷系聚合起始劑等之有機硼化合物係在密黏性方面較佳。
除了取代硫酸鋇而使用表6所示之體積平均粒徑之氧化鋯(高純度化學公司製、商品名氧化鋯(IV),及Aldrich公司製、商品名Zirconium(IV))作為造影劑(X)以外,其餘與實施例1c同樣調製硬組織修補用組成物並進行評價。結果示於表6。
如表6所示,在使用過氧化苯甲醯作為聚合起始劑(C)且使用氧化鋯作為造影劑(X)的情況亦同樣地,使用體積平均粒徑較大之氧化鋯作為造影劑(X)的實施例1d之硬組織修補用組成物,係模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性優越。另一方面,使用了體積平均粒徑較小之氧化鋯作為造影劑(X)的比較例1d之硬組織修補用組成物,係模擬骨侵入性及與豬大腿骨之密黏性不佳。
(產業上之可利用性)
本發明之硬組織修補用組成物可用於例如硬組織彼此的接黏、對硬組織內之填充、硬組織與鈦、陶瓷、不鏽鋼等人工物間的接黏、硬組織與軟組織等其他組織間之接黏的用途。又,本發明之硬組織修補用組成物可用於作為例如骨、軟骨等硬組織與人工關節間之固定用的骨水泥、對骨缺損部之填充材、骨填補材、人造骨。
Claims (7)
- 一種硬組織修補用組成物,係含有單體(A)、聚合體(B)、屬於有機硼化合物的液體成分之聚合起始劑(C)及表面未被二氧化鈦所被覆之體積平均粒徑3μm以上之造影劑(X);上述單體(A)為(甲基)丙烯酸酯系單體;上述聚合體(B)為(甲基)丙烯酸酯系聚合體;上述聚合起始劑(C)為有機硼化合物,且不含非質子性溶媒但含有醇類。
- 如請求項1之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,依以下方法所測定之模擬骨侵入性為1.0mm以上;[模擬骨侵入性之測定方法]模擬骨侵入性係使生理食鹽水含浸於具有連通氣泡之聚胺基甲酸酯發泡體(空孔率95%),於其上面放置成為軟塊狀且不再拉絲經5分鐘後的組成物,依75kPa之壓力施加負重30秒,測定組成物侵入之深度(mm)。
- 如請求項1之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,造影劑(X)為硫酸鋇或氧化鋯。
- 如請求項1之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,含有單體(A)10~45質量份、聚合體(B)54.9~80質量份、聚合起始劑(C)0.1~10質量份(成分(A)~(C)之合計設為100質量份)及造影劑(X)0.5~70質量份。
- 如請求項1之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,造影劑(X)之體積平均粒徑為3.0~25.1μm。
- 如請求項1之硬組織修補用組成物,其中,硬組織修補用組成物所含之粒子全體的體積平均粒徑為32μm以下。
- 一種硬組織修補用套組,係具有將請求項1之硬組織修補用組成物中所含之單體(A)、聚合體(B)、聚合起始劑(C)及造影劑(X)之各成分依任意組合分割為3個以上而收容的構件。
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