TWI798922B - 半導體結構及其製造方法 - Google Patents

半導體結構及其製造方法 Download PDF

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TWI798922B
TWI798922B TW110141457A TW110141457A TWI798922B TW I798922 B TWI798922 B TW I798922B TW 110141457 A TW110141457 A TW 110141457A TW 110141457 A TW110141457 A TW 110141457A TW I798922 B TWI798922 B TW I798922B
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substrate
insulating cavity
semiconductor structure
conductive layer
layer
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TW202320284A (zh
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陳尚駿
葉伯淳
曾培哲
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財團法人工業技術研究院
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Priority to CN202111454968.8A priority patent/CN116093154A/zh
Priority to US17/545,996 priority patent/US20230147806A1/en
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Abstract

一種半導體結構,包括基底、導電層以及半導體元件。基底包括第一表面、與第一表面相對的第二表面、從第一表面往第二表面延伸的至少一絕緣空腔以及貫穿基底的貫孔。導電層填入貫孔內。半導體元件配置在第二表面上,且半導體元件與導電層電性連接,其中至少一絕緣空腔對應於半導體元件分佈。

Description

半導體結構及其製造方法
本發明是有關於一種半導體結構及其製造方法,且特別是有關於一種能夠減少半導體元件之高頻耦合效應的半導體結構及其製造方法。
高電子移動率晶體電晶體(High electron mobility transistor,HEMT),也稱調變摻雜場效應管(modulation-doped FET,MODFET),是一種場效應電晶體。與金屬氧化物半導體場效電晶體直接使用摻雜半導體來形成通道不同,高電子移動率晶體電晶體使用兩種具有不同能隙的材料形成異質結(heterojunction),以為載子提供通道。砷化鎵、砷鎵鋁等三元化合物半導體是構成高電子移動率晶體電晶體的常用材料。近年來,氮化鎵高電子移動率電晶體憑藉其良好的高頻特性吸引了大量的關注。高電子移動率電晶體可以在高頻下工作,因此高電子移動率電晶體已在行動電話、衛星電視和雷達中被廣泛應用。然而,高電子移動率電晶體常面臨高頻耦合效應所導致的元件效能下降等問題。
本發明提供一種具有半導體元件的半導體結構及其製造方法,以減少半導體結構中半導體元件的高頻耦合效應。
本發明提供一種半導體結構,包括基底、導電層以及半導體元件。基底包括第一表面、與第一表面相對的第二表面、從第一表面往第二表面延伸的至少一絕緣空腔以及貫穿基底的貫孔。導電層填入貫孔內。半導體元件配置在第二表面上,且半導體元件與導電層電性連接,其中至少一絕緣空腔對應於半導體元件分佈。
在本發明的一實施例中,半導體元件包括電晶體,電晶體的源極透過導電層接地,且至少一絕緣空腔位於電晶體的通道層下方以減少通道層的高頻耦合效應。在本發明的一實施例中,源極透過接觸插塞與導電層的頂面接觸,且導電層的頂面的面積大於或等於接觸插塞的面積。在本發明的一實施例中,源極透過接觸插塞與導電層電性連接,接觸插塞的底面與導電層的頂面接觸。在本發明的一實施例中,至少一絕緣空腔從第一表面往第二表面延伸以貫穿基底。在本發明的一實施例中,貫孔的寬度小於或等於至少一絕緣空腔的寬度。在本發明的一實施例中,貫孔的寬度大於至少一絕緣空腔的寬度,且至少一絕緣空腔的深度小於基底的厚度。在本發明的一實施例中,半導體結構進一步包括襯層,其中襯層至少位於基底與導電層之間。在本發明的一實施例中,半導體結構進一步包括支撐基底,其中導電層與支撐基底接合。
本發明提供一種半導體結構的製造方法,其包括下列步驟。提供基底,基底包括第一表面以及與第一表面相對的第二表面。於基底的第二表面上形成半導體元件。於基底中形成至少一絕緣空腔以及貫穿基底的貫孔,其中絕緣空腔從第一表面往第二表面延伸,且至少一絕緣空腔貫穿基底。於貫孔內形成導電層,其中半導體元件與導電層電性連接,且至少一絕緣空腔對應於半導體元件分佈。在本發明的一實施例中,至少一絕緣空腔以及貫孔是在形成半導體元件之後形成。在本發明的一實施例中,半導體結構的製造方法進一步包括將形成有半導體元件的基底與承載基底接合,使半導體元件位於基底與承載基底之間。在本發明的一實施例中,至少一絕緣空腔以及貫穿是同時形成於基板中。在本發明的一實施例中,至少一絕緣空腔從第一表面往第二表面延伸以貫穿基底,且貫孔的寬度小於或等於至少一絕緣空腔的寬度。在本發明的一實施例中,貫孔的寬度大於至少一絕緣空腔的寬度,且至少一絕緣空腔的深度小於基底的厚度。在本發明的一實施例中,半導體結構的製造方法進一步包括形成襯層,其中襯層至少位於基底與導電層之間。在本發明的一實施例中,半導體結構的製造方法進一步包括提供支撐基底,並使導電層與支撐基底接合。
基於上述,本發明的實施例可藉由形成在基底的絕緣空腔可有效地降低半導體元件的高頻耦合效應,進而提升半導體元件的效能。此外,本發明的實施例可在同一製程步驟中製作出絕緣空腔與貫孔,可在不大幅增加製程成本的情況下提升半導體元件的效能。
圖1至圖6是依照本發明的實施例中一種製造半導體結構的剖面示意圖,而圖7與圖8是依照本發明的實施例中一種半導體結構的剖面示意圖與立體示意圖。
請參照圖1,提供一基底100,此基底100具有第一表面100A以及與第一表面100B(例如底表面)相對的第二表面100B(例如頂表面)。在一些實施例中,基底100的材質包括矽或其他合適的半導體材料。在基底100的第二表面100B上形成半導體元件102。接著,在基底100的第二表面100B上形成接合介電層104以覆蓋半導體元件102。提供承載基底106,並將形成有半導體元件102以及接合介電層104的基底100與承載基底106接合,使得半導體元件102以及接合介電層104位於基底100與承載基底106之間。在一些實施例中,接合介電層104的材質包括氧化矽或其他合適的介電材料。在本實施例中,形成在基底100上的接合介電層104與承載基底106直接接合,以使半導體元件102以及接合介電層104位於基底100與承載基底106之間。在一些實施例中,承載基底106的材質包括矽、玻璃或其他合適的半導體材料。
在本實施例中,半導體元件102包括電晶體,電晶體包括閘極102G、閘絕緣層102GI、源極102S、汲極102D以及通道層102C,其中閘極102G、源極102S、汲極102D位於通道層102C上方,且閘極102G與通道層102C之間以閘絕緣層102GI間隔,而源極102S與汲極102D分別位於閘極102G的兩側,且源極102S與通道層102C之間以及汲極102D與通道層102C之間分別形成歐姆接觸。在其他實施例中,電晶體中可不包括閘絕緣層102GI;換言之,電晶體中的閘絕緣層102GI是選擇性的構件。在一些實施例中,電晶體是形成在具有緩衝化合物半導體層110的基底100上,且緩衝化合物半導體層110形成在基底100的第二表面100B上。在一些實施例中,電晶體可進一步包括至少一層保護層112,其中保護層112覆蓋住閘極102G、源極102S以及汲極102。在一些實施例中,半導體元件102包括高電子移動率晶體電晶體(HEMT),且高電子移動率晶體電晶體中的通道層102C材料包括GaN、AlGaN、InGaN或其他適合的半導體材料,而緩衝化合物半導體層110材料包括GaN、AlGaN、InGaN或其他適合的半導體材料,且通道層102C與緩衝化合物半導體層110的材料可相同或不同。
在一些實施例中,電晶體可進一步包括閘極接觸導體102GC、源極接觸導體102SC、汲極接觸導體102DC,其中閘極接觸導體102GC配置於閘極102G上並且與閘極102G電性連接,源極接觸導體102SC配置於源極102S上並且與源極102S電性連接,而汲極接觸導體102DC配置於汲極102D上並且與汲極102D電性連接。此外,電晶體可進一步包括接觸插塞CP,其中源極接觸導體102SC從源極102S上方側向延伸至接觸插塞CP上方,且接觸插塞CP貫穿保護層112、閘絕緣層102GI以及緩衝化合物半導體層110,進而與基底100的第二表面100B接觸。換言之,源極102S透過源極接觸導體102SC與接觸插塞CP電性連接。
請參照圖2,將圖1中的結構翻轉以使基底100的第一表面100A朝上,接著,進行薄化製程以減少基底100的厚度。在本實施例中,基底100的薄化製程是從基底100的第一表面100A上進行,以減少基底100的第一表面100A與第二表面100B之間的距離。在一些實施例中,基底100的薄化製程包括化學機械研磨(Chemical Mechanical Polishing,CMP)、機械研磨(mechanical grinding)或前述製程的組合。在本實施例中,基底100薄化之後的厚度介於20微米至200微米之間。
請參照圖3,在基底100薄化之後,進行圖案化製程以圖案化基底100。在本實施例中,基底100的圖案化製程是從基底100經過薄化後的第一表面100A’上進行,以在基底100中同步形成至少一絕緣空腔C以及貫孔TH,其中絕緣空腔C從第一表面100A’往第二表面100B延伸以貫穿基底100,而貫孔TH從第一表面100A’往第二表面100B延伸以貫穿基底100。換言之,絕緣空腔C與貫孔TH的深度與薄化後的基底100的厚度實質上相同。在本實施例中,貫孔TH的寬度可大於或是實質上等於絕緣空腔C的寬度。
如圖3所示,貫孔TH會暴露出接觸插塞CP的底面以及緩衝化合物半導體層110的部分底面,絕緣空腔C亦會暴露出緩衝化合物半導體層110的部分底面,且絕緣空腔C分佈於半導體元件102的下方。在本實施例中,絕緣空腔C位於電晶體的閘極102G以及通道層102C下方以減少通道層102C的高頻耦合效應。
請參照圖4,於基底100上形成襯層114,其中襯層114分佈於基底100的第一表面100A’以及用以定義出絕緣空腔C以及貫孔TH的側壁上,但襯層114未覆蓋接觸插塞CP的底面。舉例而言,可藉由原子層沉積(Atomic Layer Deposition,ALD)、化學氣相沉積、物理氣相沉積等方式在基底100上形成介電材料,接著,以蝕刻方式移除與接觸插塞CP的底面接觸的介電材料,以形成襯層114。在一些實施例中,襯層114與被絕緣空腔C以及貫孔TH所暴露出的緩衝化合物半導體層110接觸。此外,襯層114的材質包括氧化矽或其他適合的介電材料。
請參照圖5,於基底100上形成晶種層116,此晶種層116覆蓋住襯層114,由於襯層114未覆蓋接觸插塞CP的底面,因此,晶種層116會與未被襯層114所覆蓋的接觸插塞CP的底面接觸。在一些實施例中,晶種層116會與未被襯層114所覆蓋的緩衝化合物半導體層110。晶種層116可藉由濺鍍製程全面性地沉積在襯層114以及未被襯層114所覆蓋的接觸插塞CP以及絕緣空腔C內的底面上。此外,晶種層116不但可以作為後續電鍍製程所需的電鍍晶種層之外,還可以提供阻障層的效果。
接著,於基底100的第一表面100A’上形成罩幕層118以覆蓋住絕緣空腔C以及位於絕緣空腔C附近的晶種層116。在本實施例中,如圖5所繪示,罩幕層118包括具有特定圖案的圖案化乾膜(dry film),當圖案化乾膜被貼附於晶種層116上時,圖案化乾膜可以覆蓋住絕緣空腔C,但不填入絕緣空腔C內。在一些其他可行的實施例中,未繪示於圖中,罩幕層118包括藉由旋塗製程所形成的圖案化光阻層,當圖案化光阻層被形成在晶種層116上時,圖案化光阻層可以覆蓋並且填入絕緣空腔C內。
請參照圖5與圖6,可進行電鍍製程以在未被罩幕層118所覆蓋的晶種層116上形成導電層120,其中導電層120會填入絕緣空腔C內。在本實施例中,貫孔TH被導電層120局部填入。在其他實施例中,未繪示,貫孔TH可被導電層120全部填滿。在形成導電層120之後,將罩幕層118移除以將部分未被導電層120所覆蓋的晶種層116暴露出來,接著,移除未被導電層120所覆蓋的晶種層116,直到暴露出部分的襯層114為止。如圖6所繪示,襯層114至少位於基底100與導電層120之間。換言之,基底100可藉由襯層114與導電層120隔開。
源極102S透過源極接觸導體102SC、導電插塞CP以及導電層120接地,相對於打線(wire bonding)可減少源極102S接地所需的走線距離,進而降低寄生電感等相關問題,而位於電晶體的通道層102C下方的絕緣空腔C可減少通道層102C的高頻耦合效應。
請參照圖7與圖8,在形成導電層120之後,提供支撐基底122,並使形成在基底100上的導電層120與支撐基底122接合。在本實施例中,支撐基底122的材質包括矽、有機載板或其他合適的半導體或封裝材料。接著,令承載基底106與接合介電層104分離,以使承載基底106從接合介電層104上剝離。如圖8所繪示,位於支撐基底122與半導體元件102之間的絕緣空腔C可選擇性地通入散熱流體124(例如,冷卻水或其他散熱良好的冷卻流體),以提升半導體結構的整體散熱效能。
圖9與圖10分別繪示出半導體結構中襯層、導電層與接觸插塞的剖面示意圖。
請參照圖9,襯層114包括覆蓋於基底100的側壁上的第一部分114a以及覆蓋於基底100的第一表面100A’上的第二部分114b,其中第一部分114a位於貫孔TH中,且第一部分114a的厚度L可與第二部分114b的厚度T實質上相等。在本實施例中,接觸插塞CP的底面與導電層120的頂面接觸,貫孔TH尺寸大於接觸插塞CP的底面尺寸,最小尺寸差可等於第二部分114b之厚度T,導電層120的頂面的面積實質上等於接觸插塞CP的底面的面積,此時,襯層114與接觸插塞CP的底面接觸,而基底100不與接觸插塞CP接觸。在一些其他實施例中,導電層120的頂面的面積大於接觸插塞CP的底面的面積,此時,襯層114不與接觸插塞CP的底面接觸。
請參照圖10,襯層114包括覆蓋於基底100的側壁上的第一部分114a以及覆蓋於基底100的第一表面100A上的第二部分114b,其中第一部分114b位於貫孔TH中,第一部分114a的厚度L小於第二部分114b的厚度T,且第一部分114a的厚度L約為第二部分114b的厚度T的5%。在本實施例中,接觸插塞CP的底面與導電層120的頂面接觸,貫孔TH尺寸大於接觸插塞CP的底面尺寸,最小尺寸差可等於第二部分114b之厚度T,導電層120的頂面的面積實質上等於接觸插塞CP的底面的面積,此時,襯層114與接觸插塞CP的底面接觸,而基底100不與接觸插塞CP接觸。在一些其他實施例中,導電層120的頂面的面積大於接觸插塞CP的底面的面積,此時,襯層114不與接觸插塞CP的底面接觸。
圖11至圖18是依照本發明的不同實施例的半導體結構的剖面示意圖。
請參照圖7與圖11,圖11中所繪示的半導體結構與圖7中所繪示的半導體結構類似,差異在於圖11中所繪示的絕緣空腔C較寬,以使半導體結構中的貫孔TH的寬度小於絕緣空腔C的寬度。在本實施例中,絕緣空腔C位於電晶體的閘極102G以及通道層102C下方以減少通道層102C的高頻耦合效應。
請參照圖7與圖12,圖12中所繪示的半導體結構與圖7中所繪示的半導體結構類似,差異在於圖12中所繪示的絕緣空腔C的深度小於基底100的厚度。換言之,絕緣空腔C從基底100的第一表面100A’往第二表面100B延伸,但絕緣空腔C並未貫穿基底。
請參照圖13,半導體元件102包括共用汲極102D以及多個源極102S。在一些實施例中,半導體元件102採用指狀設計的汲極120D與源極102S。基底100中貫孔TH的數量為多個,且位於貫孔TH中的多個導電層120分別與對應的源極102S電性連接。在本實施例中,絕緣空腔C位於電晶體的閘極102G、汲極102S、源極102D以及通道層102C下方以減少通道層102C的高頻耦合效應。
請參照圖11與圖14,圖14中所繪示的半導體結構與圖11中所繪示的半導體結構類似,差異在於圖14中所繪示的半導體結構進一步包括介電層126,且此介電層覆蓋導電層、未被導電層所覆蓋的襯層以及藉由絕緣空腔所暴露出的半導體元件的部分區域,此介電層126可為有機膠材,例如聚醯亞胺(polyimide)、苯并环丁烯(Benzocyclobutene,BCB)等或其他合適的介電層材料。
請參照圖15至圖18,圖15至圖18中所繪示的半導體結構與圖11至圖14中所繪示的半導體結構類似,差異在於圖15至圖18中的半導體結構未包括與導電層120接合的支撐基底122。
綜上所述,本發明上述實施例可在不大幅增加製程成本的情況下,減少源極接地的走線距離,進而降低寄生電感等相關問題,並且可有效地減少通道層的高頻耦合效應。
100:基底 100A、100A’:第一表面 100B:第二表面 102:半導體元件 102G:閘極 102GC:閘極接觸導體 102GI:閘絕緣層 102S:源極 102SC:源極接觸導體 102D:汲極 102DC:汲極接觸導體 102C:通道層 104:接合介電層 106:承載基底 110:緩衝化合物半導體層 112:保護層 114:襯層 114a:第一部分 114b:第二部分 116:晶種層 118:罩幕層 120:導電層 122:支撐基底 124:散熱流體 126:介電層 C:絕緣空腔 CP:接觸插塞 L、T:厚度 TH:貫孔
圖1至圖6是依照本發明的實施例中一種製造半導體結構的剖面示意圖。 圖7與圖8是依照本發明的實施例中一種半導體結構的剖面示意圖與立體示意圖。 圖9與圖10分別繪示出半導體結構中襯層、導電層與接觸插塞的剖面示意圖。 圖11至圖18是依照本發明的不同實施例的半導體結構的剖面示意圖。
100:基底
100A’:第一表面
100B:第二表面
102:半導體元件
102G:閘極
102GC:閘極接觸導體
102GI:閘絕緣層
102S:源極
102SC:源極接觸導體
102D:汲極
102DC:汲極接觸導體
102C:通道層
104:接合介電層
110:緩衝化合物半導體層
112:保護層
114:襯層
114a:第一部分
114b:第二部分
116:晶種層
118:罩幕層
120:導電層
122:支撐基底
C:絕緣空腔
CP:接觸插塞
TH:貫孔

Claims (17)

  1. 一種半導體結構,包括:基底,包括第一表面、與所述第一表面相對的第二表面、從所述第一表面往所述第二表面延伸的至少一絕緣空腔以及貫穿所述基底的貫孔;導電層,填入所述貫孔內;以及半導體元件,配置在所述第二表面上,且所述半導體元件與所述導電層電性連接,其中所述至少一絕緣空腔對應於所述半導體元件分佈。
  2. 如請求項1所述的半導體結構,其中所述半導體元件包括電晶體,所述電晶體的源極透過所述導電層接地,且所述至少一絕緣空腔位於所述電晶體的通道層下方以減少所述通道層的高頻耦合效應。
  3. 如請求項2所述的半導體結構,其中所述源極透過接觸插塞的底面與所述導電層的頂面接觸,且所述導電層的所述頂面的面積大於或等於所述接觸插塞的所述底面的面積。
  4. 如請求項2所述的半導體結構,其中所述源極透過接觸插塞與所述導電層電性連接,所述接觸插塞的底面與所述導電層的頂面接觸。
  5. 如請求項1所述的半導體結構,其中所述至少一絕緣空腔從所述第一表面往所述第二表面延伸以貫穿所述基底。
  6. 如請求項5所述的半導體結構,其中所述貫孔的寬度小於或等於所述至少一絕緣空腔的寬度。
  7. 如請求項1所述的半導體結構,其中所述貫孔的寬度大於所述至少一絕緣空腔的寬度,且所述至少一絕緣空腔的深度小於所述基底的厚度。
  8. 如請求項1所述的半導體結構,更包括:襯層,其中所述襯層至少位於所述基底與所述導電層之間。
  9. 如請求項1所述的半導體結構,更包括:支撐基底,其中所述導電層與所述支撐基底接合。
  10. 一種半導體結構的製造方法,包括:提供基底,所述基底包括第一表面以及與所述第一表面相對的第二表面;於所述基底的第二表面上形成半導體元件;於所述基底中形成至少一絕緣空腔以及貫穿所述基底的貫孔,其中所述絕緣空腔從所述第一表面往所述第二表面延伸,且所述至少一絕緣空腔貫穿所述基底;以及於所述貫孔內形成導電層,其中所述半導體元件與所述導電層電性連接,且所述至少一絕緣空腔對應於所述半導體元件分佈。
  11. 如請求項10所述的半導體結構的製造方法,其中所述至少一絕緣空腔以及所述貫孔是在形成所述半導體元件之後形成。
  12. 如請求項11所述的半導體結構的製造方法,更包括:將形成有所述半導體元件的所述基底與承載基底接合,使所述所述半導體元件位於所述基底與所述承載基底之間。
  13. 如請求項10所述的半導體結構的製造方法,其中所述至少一絕緣空腔以及所述貫穿是同時形成於所述基板中。
  14. 如請求項10所述的半導體結構的製造方法,其中所述至少一絕緣空腔從所述第一表面往所述第二表面延伸以貫穿所述基底,且所述貫孔的寬度小於或等於所述至少一絕緣空腔的寬度。
  15. 如請求項10所述的半導體結構的製造方法,其中所述貫孔的寬度大於所述至少一絕緣空腔的寬度,且所述至少一絕緣空腔的深度小於所述基底的厚度。
  16. 如請求項10所述的半導體結構的製造方法,更包括:形成襯層,其中所述襯層至少位於所述基底與所述導電層之間。
  17. 如請求項10所述的半導體結構的製造方法,更包括:提供支撐基底,並使所述導電層與所述支撐基底接合。
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