TWI752325B - 處理鋼構件的方法 - Google Patents

處理鋼構件的方法 Download PDF

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TWI752325B
TWI752325B TW108119786A TW108119786A TWI752325B TW I752325 B TWI752325 B TW I752325B TW 108119786 A TW108119786 A TW 108119786A TW 108119786 A TW108119786 A TW 108119786A TW I752325 B TWI752325 B TW I752325B
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steel member
treatment
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manganese
nitrate
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裡卡多 Lm 格德斯
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美商施耐寶公司
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Abstract

一種透過在塗敷磷酸鹽塗層之前憑藉中溫製程形成黑色四氧化三鐵鏽層完成面來改善鋼構件的耐腐蝕性和耐擦傷性的方法。

Description

處理鋼構件的方法
本發明一般地涉及實現鋼構件的耐腐蝕性和耐擦傷性的方法。
在單一塗層中很難發現深黑色的、良好的耐刮擦性的、良好的耐腐蝕性的、均勻覆蓋低矽鋼和高矽鋼的低汙跡水準的、且光滑或粗糙的表面。
本發明涉及一種透過在塗敷磷酸鹽塗層之前借助中溫製程產生黑色四氧化三鐵鏽層完成面來改善鋼構件的耐腐蝕性和耐擦傷性的方法。
雖然本發明可以有多種不同形式的實施例，但是在附圖中繪示並且將在本文中詳細描述的本發明的優選實施例應作如下理解，即本公開將被看作是本發明的原理性示例，而不旨在將本發明的廣泛方面限制於所描述的實施例。如本文中所用，術語“本發明”不旨在限制所要求保護的發明的範圍，而是僅為了解釋的目的而用於討論本發明的示例性實施例的術語。
本發明涉及一種透過在塗敷磷酸鹽塗層之前借助中溫製程形成黑色四氧化三鐵鏽層完成面來改善鋼構件的耐腐蝕性和耐擦傷性的方法。
圖1繪示了根據本發明的方法100的流程圖。在步驟102中，對鋼構件進行苛性清洗以從鋼構件除去顆粒和/或油。例如，可以在約105°F下將鋼構件浸入苛性清洗溶液中約5分鐘。該清洗溶液可以是具有表面活性劑滲透作用和污垢分散能力以除去鋼構件上的灰塵和油脂的任何苛性水溶液。在步驟104中，沖洗鋼構件以除去來自步驟102的鋼構件上的任何苛性膜。例如，可以在環境溫度下將鋼構件浸入水中約0.5分鐘。
在步驟106中，對鋼構件進行酸性表面處理以促使表面酸洗/活化從而促使化學反應。例如，可以在環境溫度下將鋼構件浸入酸或酸性溶液中約4.5至5分鐘。可以使用能夠在待用鋼上提供良好的除垢性能的任何酸性化合物。在步驟108中，沖洗鋼構件以除去來自步驟106的鋼構件上的任何酸。例如，可以在環境溫度下將鋼構件浸入水中約0.5分鐘。
在步驟110中，對鋼構件進行黑色氧化處理以促使在鋼構件的表面上形成轉化層。該反應使得能夠在鋼構件的表面上形成四氧化三鐵鏽層（Fe3O4）。該層約1微米深或厚，從而在滾筒中移動時發生的化學反應過程中提供對表面磨損的機械阻力。例如，可以在約210-220°F下將鋼構件浸入黑色氧化物中約10分鐘。該黑色氧化物是含有約7%-13%的硝酸鈉和約1%-5%的氫氧化鈉的水溶液。在步驟112中，沖洗鋼構件以除去殘留在來自步驟110的鋼構件上的化學物質。例如，可以在環境溫度下將鋼構件浸入水中約2分鐘。
在步驟114中，對鋼構件進行晶粒細化處理以促進細晶磷酸錳塗層的形成（在下面的步驟116中描述）。例如，可以在約86°F下將鋼構件浸入含有一種或多種活化劑的晶粒細化溶液中約2分鐘。該晶粒細化溶液可以是濃度為每100加侖水約2.5磅的焦磷酸四鈉和濃度為每100加侖水約0.4磅-2.5磅的三乙醇胺的組合。在步驟116中，對鋼構件進行磷酸錳處理。例如，可以在約180°F下將鋼構件浸入磷化溶液中約15分鐘。該磷化溶液可以是約3%-4%的磷酸二氫錳、約0.7%-1.4%的磷酸、約0.1%-0.7%的硝酸錳和約0.1%的硝酸鎳的組合。酸與鋼構件表面上的鐵反應，在表面局部析出磷酸鹽。
在步驟118中，沖洗鋼構件以除去來自上述步驟的鋼構件上的先前的化學物質/化學作用。例如，可以在環境溫度下將鋼構件浸入水中約2分鐘。在步驟120中，對鋼構件進行防鏽劑處理以便為鋼構件提供額外的腐蝕防護和光亮的外觀。例如，可以在環境溫度下將鋼構件浸入一種或多種防鏽劑中約1分鐘。防鏽劑可以是提供腐蝕防護和深黑色外觀的基於加氫處理的石油餾分的任何油。油中的不同添加劑可以提供增強的性能，例如，增強的腐蝕防護或更光亮的外觀。
圖2繪示了根據圖1的方法的成品構件200的外觀。成品構件200的最終外觀具有由步驟110給予的深黑色以及由步驟116給予的按重量計為每平方英尺400-2000毫克的磷酸鹽塗層。最終層符合軍用詳細規範MIL-DTL-16232G M型（military Detail Specification MIL-DTL-16232G Type M）和商用專案說明A-A-59267 M型（Commercial Item Description A-A-59267 Type M）的要求。
在一實施例中，可以使用旋轉滾筒透過圖1的方法來轉變鋼構件。例如，可將一個或多個鋼構件放入滾筒中（通常將滾筒填充約1/3滿）。然後可將滾筒浸入一個或多個化學槽和沖洗槽中，在其中旋轉滾筒以實現鋼構件的改善的耐腐蝕性和耐擦傷性。
在另一實施例中，可以使用機架或其他固定裝置來固定一個或多個鋼構件以進行圖1的方法。然後可以透過使用機架/固定裝置進行圖1的方法來轉變構件。
以上關於圖1所描述的方法提供了一種鋼的改善的轉化層，在不影響生產率的情況下，透過組合改變鋼表面的兩種化學方法解決了其他方法存在的問題：鐵的氧化產生深的耐刮擦黑色外觀，以及透過在氧化物的頂部生長磷酸鹽層來提供腐蝕防護。
例如，使用中溫黑色氧化處理需要使用昂貴的防鏽劑以及更換/返修已被腐蝕的零件。此外，高汙跡導致在處理過程中包裝和外皮變黑。圖3繪示了根據該方法的構件300在暴露於鹽溶液24小時後的外觀。在另一個示例中，使用高溫黑色氧化處理提供了與中溫黑色氧化處理類似的腐蝕防護。然而，這會導致在高矽鋼上產生紅色外觀。此外，當在滾筒中加工時，普通磷酸鹽塗層由於在高靈敏度的中間黑化過程中發生刮擦而具有較差的外觀。圖4繪示了根據該方法的構件400的外觀。
如上參照圖1和圖2所述，本發明提供了一種形成鋼的改善的轉化層的方法，該方法在不影響生產率的情況下解決了與中溫和高溫黑色氧化處理相關的問題。本發明透過消除汙跡來組合中溫下形成的四氧化三鐵鏽層和隨後的磷酸鹽層這兩個轉化層，以改善實際狀態以及市場上可獲得的替代方法；（本發明）透過改善表面上的保油率但仍然顯示出乾燥/啞光外觀，改善了外觀，使其具有深黑色和高耐擦傷性以及優異的耐腐蝕性。
如本文中所用，術語“連接”及其功能性等同物並不意在一定限於兩個或更多個構件的直接機械連接。相反，術語“連接”及其功能性等同物意在指兩個或多個物體、特徵、工件和/或環境元素之間的任何直接或間接的機械、電氣或化學連接。在一些示例中，“連接”也意指一個物體與另一物體成一體化。如本文中所用，除非另有特別說明，否則術語“一”或“一個”可包括一項或多項。
前面的描述和附圖中闡述的主題是僅透過說明的方式而不是作為限制而提供的。雖然已經展示和描述了特定實施例，但是對於所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者來說顯而易見的是，在不脫離發明人的貢獻的更廣泛方面的情況下可以進行改變和修改。當基於現有技術從適當角度考慮時，所要求保護的實際範圍意在由以下權利要求限定。
100‧‧‧方法 102、104、106、108、110、112、114、116、118、120‧‧‧步驟 200‧‧‧成品構件 300‧‧‧構件 400‧‧‧構件
為了便於理解要求保護的主題，在附圖中繪示了其實施例，透過審閱這些實施例，當結合以下描述考慮時，要求保護的主題、其構造和操作以及許多優點應該很容易理解和領會。 圖1是根據本發明一實施例的方法的流程圖； 圖2是經圖1的方法處理過的構件的透視圖； 圖3是經中溫黑色氧化方法處理過的構件的透視圖；以及 圖4是在滾筒製程中完成的磷酸鹽塗層的圖像。
100‧‧‧方法
102、104、106、108、110、112、114、116、118、120‧‧‧步驟

Claims (21)

  1. 一種處理鋼構件的方法，包括：對所述鋼構件進行黑色氧化處理；以及在對所述鋼構件進行所述黑色氧化處理之後，對所述鋼構件進行磷酸錳處理，其中所述磷酸錳處理包括具有180℉溫度的磷化溶液。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法，其中對所述鋼構件進行所述黑色氧化處理的步驟包括：在210-220℉的溫度範圍內，對所述鋼構件進行所述黑色氧化處理。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法，其中所述磷化溶液包括：3%-4%的範圍內的磷酸二氫錳、0.7%-1.4%的範圍內的磷酸、0.1%-0.7%的範圍內的硝酸錳和0.1%的硝酸鎳。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的方法，其中所述黑色氧化處理包括含有7%-13%的範圍內的硝酸鈉和1%-5%的範圍內的氫氧化鈉的水溶液。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法，還包括對所述鋼構件進行晶粒細化處理。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的方法，其中所述晶粒細化處理包括具有86℉溫度的晶粒細化溶液。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述的方法，其中所述晶粒細化溶液包括濃度為每100加侖水2.5磅的焦磷酸四鈉和濃度為每100加侖水0.4磅-2.5磅的範圍內的三乙醇胺。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法，還包括對所述鋼構件進行防鏽劑處理。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法，其中所述磷化溶液包括磷酸二氫錳、磷酸、硝酸錳和硝酸鎳。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的方法，其中所述黑色氧化處理包括含有硝酸鈉和氫氧化鈉的水溶液。
  11. 一種鋼構件，包括：轉化層，透過黑色氧化處理形成；以及磷酸鹽層，透過對所述鋼構件進行具有180℉溫度的磷化溶液處理而導致的磷酸錳處理形成。
  12. 一種處理鋼構件的方法，包括：對所述鋼構件進行黑色氧化處理；以及在對所述鋼構件進行所述黑色氧化處理之後，對所述鋼構件進行磷酸錳處理，所述磷酸錳處理包括磷化溶液，其中所述磷化溶液包括磷酸二氫錳、磷酸、硝酸錳和硝酸鎳。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的方法，其中所述磷化溶液包括：3%-4%的範圍內的磷酸二氫錳、0.7%-1.4%的範圍內的磷酸、0.1%-0.7%的範圍內的硝酸錳和0.1%的硝酸鎳。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的方法，其中對所述鋼構件進行所述黑色氧化處理的步驟包括：在210-220℉的溫度範圍內，對所述鋼構件進行所述黑色氧化處理。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述的方法，其中所述黑色氧化處理包括具有硝酸鈉和氫氧化鈉的水溶液。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述的方法，其中所述水溶液具有7%-13%的範圍內的硝酸鈉和1%-5%的範圍內的氫氧化鈉。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的方法，還包括對所述鋼構件進行晶粒細化處理。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第17項所述的方法，其中所述晶粒細化處理包括溫度為86℉的晶粒細化溶液。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第18項所述的方法，其中所述晶粒細化溶液包括焦磷酸四鈉和三乙醇胺。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第19項所述的方法，其中所述晶粒細化溶液包括濃度為每100加侖水2.5磅的焦磷酸四鈉和濃度為每100加侖水0.4磅至2.5磅的範圍內的三乙醇胺。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述的方法，還包括對所述鋼構件進行防鏽劑處理的步驟。
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