TWI741347B - Reverse construction method with upside down support and non-dismantling formwork system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is an upside-down construction method with an upside-down support and disassembly-free formwork system. First, after the soil can be excavated to a predetermined depth, plain concrete is laid on the excavation surface to form a temporary storage layer, and then the temporary storage Column reinforcement, assembling the template and setting a steel bearing plate support structure on the layer in sequence, then laying a plurality of steel bearing plates above the steel bearing plate supporting structure, and setting at least one support on the steel bearing plate supporting structure The hanging parts are then poured into concrete on the top surface of the steel decks to form an initial floor slab layer, and then excavated to a predetermined depth below the initial floor slab layer, and plain concrete is laid on the excavation surface , To form another temporary storage layer, and finally, remove the steel bearing support structure and each support hanger hanging upside down on the bottom surface of the initial floor slab layer to serve as the steel bearing support structure of the subsequent underground floor slab layer Use with each of the support hangers.

Description

Reverse construction method with upside down support and non-dismantling formwork system

The present invention relates to a reverse construction method, in particular to a reverse construction method with an upside-down support and disassembly-free formwork system that can greatly reduce the number of floor templates.

Generally speaking, there are many different construction methods for underground excavation projects. For example, the Shunjiao method is a traditional and common method. It mainly excavates the earth to the foundation layer, and then successively constructs from the lowest layer to the ground. The floor, which means that the construction procedure of the continuum construction method, is to start the excavation after the continuous wall is completed. With the excavation, temporary horizontal supports are erected layer by layer to prevent the continuous wall from shifting or deforming, and excavation to the bottom Later, it is constructed from bottom to top, and the temporary support layer is gradually removed to complete the underground structure, and the above-ground floors must be constructed after the underground structure is completed.

However, due to the increasing number of ultra-high buildings and deep excavation projects, the construction method of underground structures has a considerable impact on the construction period and cost of the overall structure. Therefore, in order to pursue a safer and shorter construction method, the reverse construction method ( Top/Down Construction, or the reverse work method) came into being. In addition, the reverse construction method will first construct the retaining continuous wall and pre-buried supporting steel columns around the building, and then excavate and build the underground layer while constructing the above-ground structure at the same time, that is, the reverse construction method The construction procedure is to construct the upper (above ground) structure and the lower (underground) structure at the same time. The completed basement floor can be used as a horizontal support. Therefore, the temporary support required by the above-mentioned working method can be omitted.

In conclusion, the current deep excavation engineering mostly adopts the top-down construction method. The main reason is that for areas with poor geology or weak strata, if the forward construction method is adopted, the retaining wall or horizontal support will bear more resistance. Large lateral pressure is prone to deformation, and the safety is low; when the top-down construction method is used, the completed structural beam or floor can be used as a horizontal support, and its rigidity will be greater than that of general temporary support, so the adjacent structure The impact is small, and the safety is also high. In addition, when the work space is narrow or the construction site is close to the busy road, the reverse construction method can use the upper floor as the work space because the starting floor slab has been poured in advance, or the road traffic can be restored as soon as possible to reduce the impact on the traffic. . In addition, since most of the excavation operations of the reverse construction method are performed under the floor, it is less affected by the weather, and the noise generated has less impact on the surrounding environment, so it is more suitable for the construction needs of urban areas and super high floors.

Here is a brief description of the construction process of the reverse construction method. Please refer to Figure 1. When the operator constructs the retaining structure and constructs the reverse construction pillar (supporting steel column) H1, the base soil is excavated to the planning starting layer 11 ( Usually it is more than tens of centimeters under the beam or under the plate of the ground layer. After that, the excavation surface is leveled and compacted and covered with Plain Concrete (PC for short) to form a temporary storage layer 12, according to different geological conditions The thickness of the temporary storage layer 12 can be 10 cm to 15 cm. When the plain concrete reaches the predetermined strength, the column reinforcement 131 and the assembly formwork (such as column form 132, beam form 133 and plate form 134.. Etc.), and install temporary support structures 135 at the corresponding places of beam form 133 and plate form 134, and then discharge beam and plate bars. Finally, pour concrete in the area of starting layer 11 to form the required Basement floor.

In addition, when the basement floor slab of the first floor is completed, the industry needs to remove the various forms (such as column form 132, beam form 133 and form 134) and temporary support structure 135. However, if the excavation depth is reserved for the previous When the space at the bottom of the beam and the bottom of the plate is not enough for the construction staff to carry out the mold removal work, the method of excavating, breaking the temporary storage layer 12 and removing the mold is adopted, and the aforementioned template is combined with After the temporary support structure 135 is transported out, the excavation can be continued downwards. After the excavation reaches the predetermined depth under the beam or under the plate of the first underground floor, the aforementioned temporary storage layer 12, assembly formwork and temporary support structure 135 are repeated. A series of procedures until the subsequent basement floor slab is formed.

However, the applicant found that the existing reverse construction method is still lacking in use: (1) The basement is poorly ventilated, and the construction environment and lighting are poor, especially the space is limited, which causes inconvenience and inconvenience to the construction of mold assembly and disassembly. Progress; (2) The method of dismantling the mold while digging is extremely costly to the formwork material; (3) The process of repeatedly transporting the formwork and supporting materials is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, how to effectively solve the aforementioned problems has become an important issue that the present invention urgently wants to solve.

Based on years of practical experience, and after a long period of hard research and experimentation, the inventor finally developed a reverse construction method with an upside-down support and disassembly-free formwork system of the present invention, in order to effectively solve the traditional reverse construction method by the present invention. Derived problems.

One object of the present invention is to provide a reverse construction method with an upside-down support and disassembly-free formwork system. First, after excavating the soil to a predetermined depth, pave plain concrete on the excavation surface to form a temporary storage layer, and then, The column reinforcement and the assembly template are placed on the temporary storage layer, and a steel bearing plate support structure is set. Then, a plurality of steel bearing plates are laid on the top of the steel bearing plate support structure, and the steel bearing plate support structure is arranged At least one support hanger, and then pour concrete on the top surface of the steel decks until the concrete reaches a predetermined strength, forming a starting floor layer, and then excavating to a predetermined position below the starting floor layer And pave plain concrete on the excavation surface to form another temporary storage layer. Finally, the steel supporting structure and the supporting hangers hanging upside down on the bottom surface of the initial floor slab layer are removed as The steel supporting structure of the subsequent underground floor slab is used with each of the supporting hangers, so that the steel supporting slab supports The structure can be fixed to the completed floor slab by supporting hangers, so it can eliminate the work of dismantling, picking up the template, moving the template, etc., effectively saving manpower and shortening the construction period.

In order to facilitate your reviewers to have a further understanding and understanding of the purpose, technical features and effects of the present invention, the examples and diagrams are described in detail as follows:

[Learning]

11‧‧‧Starting layer

12‧‧‧Temporary storage layer

131‧‧‧Column bars

132‧‧‧Cylinder mold

133‧‧‧Beam Mould

134‧‧‧Pattern

135‧‧‧Supporting structure

H1‧‧‧Upside-down Pillar

〔this invention〕

201~209、501~504‧‧‧Step

30‧‧‧Template

31, 41‧‧‧Steel bearing plate support structure

31A‧‧‧Transverse lumber unit

31B‧‧‧Straight pillar unit

33‧‧‧Steel plate

35、45‧‧‧Support hanger

351、4512‧‧‧Embedded parts

352‧‧‧Pole

353‧‧‧Carrier

354‧‧‧Fixture

41A‧‧‧Truss unit

41B‧‧‧Straight support unit

411‧‧‧winding rod

412‧‧‧Belt

413‧‧‧Lower Chord

421‧‧‧Plate body

422‧‧‧Cylinder

451‧‧‧Loop

4511‧‧‧ Screw rod

4513‧‧‧Eye ring gasket

452‧‧‧Sling

L‧‧‧Starting layer

L1‧‧‧Starting floor

L2‧‧‧underground floor

A, A’‧‧‧Excavation surface

R, R’‧‧‧temporary storage layer

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure formed by the traditional reverse construction method; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the initial layer structure formed by the reverse construction method of the present invention; Figure 3 is the reverse construction method of the present invention used to form the initial floor slab Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the steel bearing plate supporting structure and the supporting hanger of the first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the steel bearing plate supporting structure and the supporting hanger of Fig. 4 Schematic side view; Figure 6 is a schematic side view of the steel bearing plate support structure and supporting hanger of this Figure 4 from another perspective; Figure 7 is the steel bearing plate support structure and support of the second embodiment of the present invention Schematic diagram of the hanger; Fig. 8 is a side view of the steel bearing plate support structure and the support hanger of Fig. 7 from a perspective; Fig. 9 is another view of the steel bearing plate support structure and the support hanger of Fig. 7 A schematic side view of perspective; Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the hoist ring of the second embodiment; Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the initial floor and underground floor of the present invention; and Fig. 12 is the reverse construction method of the present invention Form the flow chart of the underground floor.

The present invention is an upside-down construction method with an upside-down support and disassembly-free formwork system, wherein the upside-down construction method can be roughly divided into the process of the initial floor slab layer (usually the ground floor), and the subsequent underground floor slab layer (ie, in The flow of the floor below the starting floor The formation method will be explained. In particular, in order to avoid the drawing from being too complicated, some of the drawings of the present invention simply draw the necessary elements. As for the features of the more detailed elements, they are drawn in other drawings, but they do not affect Those skilled in the art understand the technical content of the follow-up explanation. Please refer to Figures 2 and 3. First, the construction personnel excavate the base soil to the predetermined depth under the beam and under the plan starting layer L (as in step (201)). The aforementioned predetermined depth is usually about 30 cm to After 40 cm, the excavation surface A is leveled and compacted and covered with plain concrete (PC) to form a temporary storage layer R (as in step (202)), and when the plain concrete reaches a predetermined strength, That is, the column reinforcement and the assembly template (as in step (203)), and according to the design of the beam version or the beamless version, a steel bearing plate supporting structure 31 is set at a predetermined position (as in step (204)).

Continuing, please refer to Figure 4. In the first embodiment, the steel bearing plate support structure 31 includes at least a transverse member unit 31A and a straight support unit 31B, wherein the transverse member unit 31A is a columnar body , The material can be wood, metal... etc. The top end of the straight pillar unit 31B abuts against the transverse material unit 31A, and the bottom end abuts against the temporary storage layer R. In the first implementation In an example, the straight pillar unit 31B can be a wooden column or a metal column, and can also have other structures, as long as it is sufficient to support the transverse material unit 31A. In addition, the construction personnel can lay a plurality of steel bearing plates 33 above the steel bearing plate support structure 31, and set at least one support hanger 35 on the steel bearing plate support structure 31 (as in step (205)), so that The steel bearing plates 33 can be stably positioned on the steel bearing plate supporting structure 31. In the first embodiment, please refer to Figures 4 to 6, the supporting hanger 35 is composed of at least a pre-embedded part 351, a rod body 352, a bearing part 353 and a fixing part 354, wherein, The embedded part 351 will be positioned on the steel bearing plate 33, the top end of the rod body 352 can be connected to the embedded part 351, the bearing part 353 will abut against the bottom surface of the transverse material unit 31A, and one end thereof Can be connected to the rod body 352, the fixing member 354 will also be fixed to the rod body 352, and will be located on the carrying member 353 Below one end.

Taking Figures 4 to 6, the embedded part 351 and the fixed part 354 can be in the form of a nut, and the rod body 352 can be in the form of a screw. After the member 351, the rod body 352 can be screwed to the embedded part 351, so that the embedded part 351 and the rod body 352 can be fixed as a whole. Furthermore, the bearing member 353 can be L-shaped, and one end is a hollow tube. The shape of the body can be sleeved in from the bottom end of the rod body 352 and move upward until the other end of the bearing member 353 abuts against the bottom surface of the transverse material unit 31A. The fixing member 354 is screwed upward from the bottom end of the rod body 352 and screwed to the bottom against one end of the supporting member 353, so that the supporting member 353 is fixed at the current position and cannot be moved.

In addition to the structure of the aforementioned first embodiment, the industry can also adjust the structure of the steel bearing plate support structure and the support hanger according to the engineering needs (such as the beam version and the beamless version). In the second embodiment, please Referring to Figures 7-9, the steel bearing plate support structure 41 includes at least a truss unit 41A (Truss) and a straight support unit 41B, wherein the truss unit 41A will be horizontally placed on the bottom surface of the steel bearing plate 33, and the supporting hanger The piece 45 can be connected to the truss unit 41A, the top end of the straight support unit 41B can abut the truss unit 41A, and the bottom end can abut the temporary storage layer R. In the second embodiment The straight support unit 41B can be composed of a plate body 421 and a plurality of pillar bodies 422, wherein the plate body 421 can allow the bottom chord 413 of the truss unit 41A to abut against it, and the columns 422 The board 421 can be supported so that the board 421 is separated from the temporary storage layer R by a distance (as shown in FIG. 9).

In addition, according to the aspect of the steel bearing plate support structure 41, in the second embodiment, referring to FIGS. 7-9, the support hanger 45 at least includes a hoisting ring 451 and a hoisting rope 452, the hoisting ring 451 It can be fixed on the steel bearing plate 33 and can abut against or be adjacent to an upper chord of the truss unit 41A (top chord)411, please refer to Figure 10. The top of the lifting ring 451 can be provided with a screw rod 4511, and the steel bearing plate 33 can be provided with an embedded part 4512 (such as a nut). Therefore, the construction Personnel can screw the top end of the screw rod 4511 to the embedded part 4512 until the lifting ring 451 abuts or is adjacent to the upper chord 411, and a ring pad can be provided between the lifting ring 451 and the upper chord 411 However, in other embodiments of the present invention, the industry can adjust the aforementioned various components (for example, omit the ring gasket 4513) according to actual needs, and make it clear first. In addition, one end of the suspension rope 452 can be fixed to a web 412 or the lower chord 413 of the truss unit 41A, and the other end of the suspension rope 452 passes through the suspension ring 451.

Furthermore, please refer to Figures 2 and 3 again. After the construction personnel have set up the steel bearing plate support structures 31, 41 and the corresponding supporting hangers 35, 45 (as shown in Figures 4 and 7), they can Pour concrete on the top surface of the steel bearing plates 33. According to Figures 2 and 8, the construction personnel will pour the concrete on the area of the starting layer L until the predetermined pouring surface, and wait until the concrete reaches the predetermined strength Then, the initial floor layer L1 can be formed (as shown in step (206) and Figure 11). Afterwards, please refer to Figure 11, the construction staff can excavate to a predetermined depth below the starting floor level L1 (for example: about 30 cm below the bottom of the floor or the bottom of the beam) (as in step (207)) , And pave plain concrete on the excavation surface A'to form another temporary storage layer R'(as in step (208)). At this time, the support hanger 35 can make the steel bearing plate support structure 31 It is still positioned on the starting floor level L1 (such as the steel bearing support structure 31 drawn by the dashed line in Figure 11). After completing steps (207)~(208), the construction staff can unload the upside down from the lift The steel bearing plate support structure and 31 and supporting hangers 35 on the bottom surface of the first floor slab layer L1 are used as the steel bearing plate support structure and supporting hangers for the subsequent underground floor layer. The steel bearing plate support structure 41 of the second embodiment is used In other words, when the construction personnel want to unload the truss unit 41A from the starting floor level L1, they can slowly lower the truss unit 41A to another temporary level by using the design of the hoisting rope 452 and the hoisting ring 451. Store layer R', and at the same time, remove the lifting ring 451 and the lifting ring gasket 4513 for use as a follow-up project (underground floor slab).

Continuing, taking the first embodiment as an example, please refer to Figures 11 and 12, the construction personnel can tie column reinforcement and assembly template 30 on another temporary storage layer R'(as in step (501), afterwards, The previously removed steel bearing plate support structure and 31 are set on the other temporary storage layer R'(as in step (502), and a plurality of steel bearing plates 33 are laid on top of the steel bearing plate support structure 31, and Corresponding support hangers 35 (as shown in Figure 4) are provided on the steel bearing plate support structure 31 (as shown in step (503), and finally, concrete is poured on the top surface of the steel bearing plates 33 until the concrete reaches the predetermined level. After the strength, the underground floor layer L2 is formed (as in step (504)). In this way, the construction personnel only need to repeat the foregoing steps to form each underground floor layer one by one.

In summary, please refer to Figures 2 and 8, the reverse construction method of the present invention has the following advantages compared with the traditional reverse construction method: (1) Due to the steel bearing plate support used to support the steel bearing plate 33 The structure 31 can be used repeatedly, and the steel bearing plate support structure 31 can be fixed to the bottom of the originally completed floor (such as the starting floor layer L1) by the support hanger 35. Therefore, the subsequent excavation process of the underground floor layer is carried out In harsh environments, there is no need for extra manpower to pick up the formwork and supporting angles, thereby improving the efficiency of earthwork operations and shortening the excavation period; (2) In addition to the traditional formwork for beams and columns, the traditional inverted construction method In the reverse construction method of the present invention, the number of floor slab templates that will be used is almost zero, so the up and down transportation of formwork materials can be greatly reduced, and labor and machine costs are effectively saved; (3) due to the reverse construction method of the present invention It can greatly reduce the loss of supporting materials during the excavation process. According to the applicant’s test, the loss rate is almost zero. Moreover, the concrete pouring and subsequent soiling are completed on the floor slab. Before the excavation of the square, the construction personnel do not need to remove the mold, arrange and move, because the steel bearing support structure 31 can be hung upside down from the completed floor, which not only shortens the construction period, but also meets the requirements of the shallower safe excavation depth. The principle is conducive to the lateral support of the continuous wall.

According to, the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the scope of rights claimed by the present invention is not limited to this. Anyone familiar with the art can use the technical content disclosed in the present invention. Easily considered equivalent changes should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

201~209‧‧‧Step

Claims (6)

An upside-down construction method with an upside-down support and disassembly-free formwork system, including the following steps: excavate the soil to a predetermined depth; pave plain concrete on the excavation surface to form a temporary storage layer; and tie column reinforcement on the temporary storage layer And the assembly template; a steel bearing plate support structure is arranged on the temporary storage layer, wherein the steel bearing plate support structure at least includes a transverse material unit and a straight pillar unit, the transverse material unit is a columnar body, the straight pillar The top end of the unit can abut against the transverse material unit, and the bottom end of the straight pillar unit abuts against the temporary storage layer; a plurality of steel bearing plates are laid on the top of the supporting structure of the steel bearing plate and placed on the The steel bearing plate supporting structure is provided with at least one supporting hanger, wherein the transverse material unit can be placed transversely on the bottom surface of each steel bearing plate, and the supporting hanger can abut against the transverse material unit; pouring concrete on the Wait for the top surface of the steel deck until the concrete reaches the predetermined strength, and then a starting floor layer is formed; excavate to a predetermined depth below the starting floor layer; pave plain concrete on the excavation surface to form another A temporary storage layer; and unloading the steel bearing plate support structure and each of the supporting hangers hanging upside down on the bottom surface of the initial floor layer to serve as the steel bearing plate support structure and each of the supporting hangers of the subsequent underground floor layer Pieces of use. The reverse construction method according to claim 1, wherein the support hanger includes at least: an embedded part that can be positioned on the steel bearing plate; a rod body whose top end can be connected to the embedded part; The bearing member can abut against the bottom surface of the transverse material unit, and one end of which can be connected to the rod body; and a fixing member that can be fixed to the rod body and will be located below one end of the bearing member . The reverse construction method as described in claim 2, wherein the embedded part and the fixed part are both nuts, and the rod body is a screw. An upside-down construction method with an upside-down support and disassembly-free formwork system, including the following steps: excavate the soil to a predetermined depth; pave plain concrete on the excavation surface to form a temporary storage layer; and tie column reinforcement on the temporary storage layer And the assembly template; a steel bearing plate support structure is arranged on the temporary storage layer, wherein the steel bearing plate support structure includes at least a truss unit and a straight support unit, and the top of the straight support unit abuts against the truss unit , The bottom end of the straight support unit abuts on the temporary storage layer; a plurality of steel bearing plates are laid on the top of the steel bearing plate supporting structure, and at least one supporting hanger is arranged on the steel bearing plate supporting structure , Wherein the truss unit will be horizontally placed on the bottom surface of each steel bearing plate, and the support hanger can be positioned on the truss unit; pouring concrete on the top surface of the steel bearing plate until the concrete reaches a predetermined strength , That is, a starting floor slab layer is formed; excavated to a predetermined depth below the starting floor slab; plain concrete is laid on the excavation surface to form another temporary storage layer; and unloaded upside down on the starting floor slab The steel bearing plate supporting structure and each supporting hanger on the bottom surface of the layer are used as the steel bearing plate supporting structure and each supporting hanger of the subsequent underground floor. The reverse construction method according to claim 4, wherein the supporting hanger includes at least: a hoisting ring, which is fixed to the steel bearing plate and can abut against or be adjacent to an upper chord of the truss unit; and a hoist rope , One end will be fixed to a web or lower chord of the truss unit, and the other end will pass through the lifting ring. For the reverse construction method described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the underground floor slab layer will be formed in the following steps: Tie column reinforcement and assembly template on the other temporary storage layer; set the steel bearing plate support structure on the other temporary storage layer; lay a plurality of steel bearing plates on the top of the steel bearing plate support structure, and The steel bearing plate supporting structure is provided with the supporting hangers; and concrete is poured on the top surface of the steel bearing plates until the concrete reaches a predetermined strength, and then the underground floor slab layer is formed.

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