1314600 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種建築結構之地下結構物施工方法 特別疋指一種地下結構物逆打工法。 【先前技術】 地下結構物之構築方式可大致分為順打工法及逆打工 去。其中，順打工法是目前被廣泛使用的施作技術，具有 工耘費用省、施工容易等優點，主要步驟是：構築擋土結 構體，接著由上往下移除表層土（第一次開挖）、安裝最上 層支撐、挖掘表層土以下（第二次開挖）、安裝第二層支撐 ，重複開挖及支撐步驟直到開挖完成；之後由底層往上進 仃施築基礎底板、拆除底層支撐、施築地下結構物樓板、 拆除支撐，重複樓板施築及支撐拆除直到地面樓板完成。 逆打工法施築樓板的順序為由表層往下進行，而與順 打工法恰好相反，施築步驟大致為：構築擋土結構、預埋 逆打鋼柱、移除表層土（第一次開挖）、施築地下結構物頂 板、挖掘表層土以下（第二次開挖）、施築地下結構物樓板 ，重複開挖及施築樓板，直到開挖完成，並且施築地下結 構物基礎底板。 逆打工法與順打工法相較，可自地面往下及往上同時 把工具有較省工時、開挖安全性高、較不受天候影響、 施工過程產生噪音小等優點。惟，現行的逆打工法如圖2、 2所示，在施築樓板部分大多採用傳統模板u，並作一般支 揮12 (圖1)或短支擇13 (圖2)，需要大量模板工人，但 5 1314600 以目則勞力短缺的情況來看，工程進度不易掌控。 如圖3所示’另有利用開挖後舖設於地面之純混凝土 塾層14 (Plaln Concrete，簡稱pc)當作模板的做法，其不 做支樓而取代傳統模板’雖可節省人力及成本，但脫模時 需加脫模劑’且由於PC表面平整度較難㈣，導致施築好 的板底需作粉刷處理，增加施工困難度及複雜度。 【發明内容】 因此，本發明之目的，即在提供一種可大幅節省人力 並縮短工時的地下結構物逆打 工法0 於疋，本發明地下結構物逆打工法獨採用鋼承板，不 需組裝及拆除傳統模板，亦不需加脫模劑、表面不需再修 ^且可a代邛刀鋼筋，整體舖設數度加快。整體施作步 驟包含： ()叹置擋土 D又備，以供開挖過程中抵擋基地周圍土 壓。擋土設備可以是板樁、連續壁、排樁等。 (2) 地表層開挖至起始樓層作業所需深度，形成一開 挖面；該起始樓層也就是第一施工樓層，可以是地 下第-層樓’則開挖約3〜4米以上，也可以以地面 作為起始樓層開始施工，則開挖約數十公分。 (3) 開挖面整平並舖設pc々。舖設過程中可預留至 少-往下開挖用的施工空間’該施工空間先不舖 PC層。 (4) 在PC層表面直接舖設鋼承板，該等鋼承板的舖 設應避開上述預留的施工空間；該等鋼承板係取代 6 1314600 傳統模板但不拆模，將作為結構體的—部份。 (5 )在鋼承板上方紮筋，並埋設建築所需水電管路。 (6)澆灌起始樓層混凝土。 ^ ° ⑺待混凝土強度達到設計所需強度時，繼續向下開 挖至第二施工樓層作業所需深度。 (8 )重複步驟⑺〜（7 )，直到完成目標樓層。 藉由上述的地下結構物逆打工法，不但省去傳統工去 中，在模板組裝、拆除過程產生的工時及材料耗損，且目 前鋼承板成本與工時成本比較下不算太高，更有提供強度 的功能’整體而言在工期、造價等工程考量因素且： 足優勢。 & /、十 【實施方式】 、有關本發明之前述及其他技術内容、特點與功效，在 Μ下配合參考圖式之一個較佳實施例的詳細說明中， 清楚的呈現。 參閱圖4、5,本發明地下結構物逆打工法是適用於自 地表層向下建構至少—地下樓層，本卫法較佳實施例包含 以下步驟： 夕驟21—设置擋土設備，以供開挖過程中抵擋地基周 圍土壓。擋土設備可以是連續壁等。 步驟22—地表層開挖至起始樓層（也就是第一施工樓 層j作業所需深度，形成一開挖面31。起始樓層可以是地 下第—層樓或是指地面，而開挖樓層作業所需深度，係包 括忒樓層深度，加上將來要舖設純混凝土 pc：層、鋼承板， 7 1314600 則需開挖 數十公分 堯霍在凝土的厚度；^第—施工樓層在地下第-層樓， 4米以上；若第一施工樓層為地面，則開挖约 。V驟23〜開挖面31整平並舖設一 pc層32，舖設過程 °預留至少—往下開挖用的施工空間，該施工空間先不 舖pc層。在本實施例，pc層32大約w公分，但不以此 為限。1314600 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a method for constructing an underground structure of a building structure, particularly to an underground structure reverse working method. [Prior Art] The construction method of the underground structure can be roughly divided into the work method and the reverse work. Among them, the hit-through method is a widely used application technology, which has the advantages of labor cost, easy construction, etc. The main steps are: constructing the retaining structure, and then removing the topsoil from top to bottom (first time Dig), install the uppermost support, excavate the topsoil (second excavation), install the second layer of support, repeat the excavation and support steps until the excavation is completed; then build the foundation floor from the bottom layer and remove it Bottom support, construction of underground structure slabs, demolition support, repeated slab construction and support removal until the ground slab is completed. The order of construction of the slab by the reverse construction method is carried out from the surface layer, and contrary to the smoothing method, the construction steps are roughly as follows: constructing the retaining structure, pre-buried the reversed steel column, and removing the topsoil (first opening) Dig), construct underground structure roof, excavate surface soil (second excavation), construct underground structure floor, repeat excavation and construction of floor slab until excavation is completed, and underground structure foundation floor is constructed . Compared with the hit-through method, the reverse-working method can bring the tools from the ground down and up at the same time with the advantages of more labor-saving time, high excavation safety, less weather resistance, and less noise during construction. However, the current reverse working method is shown in Figures 2 and 2. In the construction of the slab part, most of the traditional formwork u is used, and the general support 12 (Fig. 1) or short support 13 (Fig. 2) requires a large number of formwork workers. However, 5 1314600 In view of the shortage of labor, the progress of the project is not easy to control. As shown in Figure 3, 'Plaln Concrete (referred to as pc), which is laid on the ground after excavation, is used as a template. It replaces the traditional formwork without a branch building, which saves manpower and cost. However, it is necessary to add a release agent when demolding' and because the flatness of the PC surface is difficult (four), the bottom of the plate needs to be painted, which increases the difficulty and complexity of construction. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an underground structure reverse working method which can greatly save manpower and shorten working hours. The underground structure of the present invention adopts a steel plate only for reverse working method, and does not need Assembling and dismantling the traditional formwork, there is no need to add mold release agent, the surface does not need to be repaired, and the steel can be replaced by a file. The overall application steps include: () Sighing Retaining D is also prepared to withstand the earth pressure around the base during excavation. The retaining device may be a sheet pile, a continuous wall, a row pile, or the like. (2) Excavation of the surface layer to the required depth of the starting floor to form an excavation surface; the starting floor is also the first construction floor, which may be the underground first floor, then the excavation is about 3~4 meters It is also possible to start construction with the ground as the starting floor, and the excavation is about several tens of centimeters. (3) The excavation surface is leveled and paved with pc々. During the laying process, at least the construction space for excavation can be reserved. The construction space is not paved with PC layer. (4) Laying steel plates directly on the surface of the PC layer. The laying of these steel plates should avoid the above-mentioned reserved construction space; these steel plates replace the traditional formwork of 6 1314600 but will not be demoulded and will be used as structures. - part. (5) Stretch the ribs above the steel slab and bury the water and electricity pipelines required for the building. (6) Watering the initial floor concrete. ^ ° (7) When the concrete strength reaches the required strength of the design, continue to drill down to the required depth for the second construction floor. (8) Repeat steps (7) to (7) until the target floor is completed. With the above-mentioned underground structure reverse working method, not only the traditional work, but also the man-hours and material loss caused by the assembly and dismantling process of the formwork, and the current steel plate cost and working hour cost are not too high. There are more functions to provide strength' overall, in terms of construction period, cost and other engineering considerations: The above and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention are clearly shown in the detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Referring to Figures 4 and 5, the underground structure reverse working method of the present invention is suitable for constructing at least the underground floor from the surface layer. The preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps: Step 21 - setting up a retaining device for Resist the earth pressure around the foundation during excavation. The retaining device can be a continuous wall or the like. Step 22—The surface layer is excavated to the starting floor (that is, the depth required for the first construction floor j to form an excavation surface 31. The starting floor may be the underground first floor or the ground floor, and the excavation floor The depth required for the operation includes the depth of the concrete floor, plus the laying of pure concrete pc: layer and steel carrier plate in the future. 7 1314600 requires excavation of several ten centimeters of thickness in the concrete; ^ first - the construction floor is underground The first floor, 4 meters or more; if the first construction floor is the ground, the excavation is about. V step 23 ~ the excavation surface 31 is leveled and a pc layer 32 is laid, and the laying process is reserved at least - downward excavation In the construction space used, the construction space is not paved with a pc layer. In this embodiment, the pc layer 32 is approximately w centimeters, but is not limited thereto.
、 曰·囬铺设鋼承板33，舖設時應 =上述預留的施工空間。該等鋼承板33形狀厚度約Η △刀，係取代傳統模板但不拆模，將作為結構體的一部份 〇 步驟25 —在鋼承板33上方紮筋、埋設水電管路。 ^步驟26—澆灌起始樓層混凝土，連同步驟25紮設之鋼 :而I成厚約2G公分的鋼筋混凝土層（樓板厚度依結構設 叶厚度而異），簡稱RC層34。 步驟27—待混凝土達到設計所需強度，則可進行類似 步騍22的步驟，繼續向下開挖至次一施工樓層（也就是第 二施工樓層）作業所需深度。 步驟28—重覆進行類似步驟23〜27的流程，在開挖之 後舖設PC層32、舖設鋼承板33、澆灌混凝土，及再次— 施工樓層的開挖’直到完成目標樓層。 歸納上述，本發明地下結構物逆打工法獨採用鋼承板 33，不需如傳統工法裝設模板後拆模，因此也不需加脫模 劑，又由於鋼承板表面平整，因此舖設後不需再修飾；鋼 8 1314600 承板能提供強度而可替代部分鋼筋。換言之，本工法不但 省去傳統工法中拆模耗損的工時及材料成本，且鋼承板造 價不高’更有提供強度的功能’整體而言在工期、造價等 工程考量因素上皆具十足優勢，確實可達到本發明的目的 〇 惟以上所述者’僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不 能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，即大凡依本發明申請專利 範圍及發明說明内容所作之簡單的等效變化與修倚，皆仍 _ 屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1是一習知地下結構物逆打工法所採用傳統模板及 支撐的部分結構側面示意圖； 圖2是一習知地下結構物逆打工法所採用傳統模板及 短支撐的部分結構侧面示意圖； 圖3 —習知地下結構物逆打工法所採用pc：層作為模板 的部分結構側面示意圖； § 圖4是本發明地下結構物逆打工法之較佳實施例之流 程圖；及 圖5是該實施例之部分結構側面示意圖。 9 1314600 【主要元件符號說明】 21-28 · 步驟 33· · ••鋼承板 31 · · · 開挖面 34. · ..RC 層 32 · · · PC層 10曰·Relay the steel plate 33, when laying, should be the above reserved construction space. The steel plate 33 has a shape thickness of about Η 刀, which replaces the conventional stencil but does not remove the mold, and will be used as a part of the structure. Step 25 - Threading and burying the hydroelectric pipeline above the steel slab 33. ^Step 26 - Watering the initial floor concrete, together with the steel laid in step 25: and I is a reinforced concrete layer having a thickness of about 2 G cm (the thickness of the floor varies depending on the thickness of the structure), referred to as the RC layer 34. Step 27—When the concrete reaches the required strength for the design, a step similar to step 22 can be performed to continue the downward depth of the work to the next construction floor (ie, the second construction floor). Step 28 - Repeat the process similar to steps 23 to 27, laying the PC layer 32, laying the steel deck 33, pouring the concrete, and re-excavating the construction floor after the excavation until the target floor is completed. In summary, the underground structure of the present invention adopts the steel plate 33 alone, and does not need to be demolished after the template is installed in the traditional method, so that no mold release agent is needed, and since the surface of the steel plate is flat, the laying is performed. No need to modify; steel 8 1314600 carrier can provide strength and can replace part of the steel. In other words, this method not only saves the labor and material costs of the demoulding of the traditional method, but also the steel panel cost is not high, and it has the function of providing strength. Overall, it is full of engineering considerations such as construction period and cost. The advantages of the present invention can be achieved by the above-mentioned embodiments, which are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, that is, the scope of the patent application and the description of the invention according to the present invention. The simple equivalent changes and modifications made by the _ are still within the scope of the patent of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing a part of a conventional template and supporting structure used in a conventional underground structure reverse working method; FIG. 2 is a conventional template and short support used in a conventional underground structure reverse working method. Figure 3 is a side view of a partial structure of a conventional underground structure reverse working method using a pc: layer as a template; § Figure 4 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the underground structure reverse working method of the present invention; And Fig. 5 is a side view showing a part of the structure of the embodiment. 9 1314600 [Explanation of main component symbols] 21-28 · Step 33 · ·• Steel plate 31 · · · Excavation face 34. · ..RC layer 32 · · · PC layer 10