TWI740034B - 治療癌症之肽 - Google Patents
治療癌症之肽 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI740034B TWI740034B TW107114610A TW107114610A TWI740034B TW I740034 B TWI740034 B TW I740034B TW 107114610 A TW107114610 A TW 107114610A TW 107114610 A TW107114610 A TW 107114610A TW I740034 B TWI740034 B TW I740034B
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Abstract
本發明係關於癌症治療或預防領域。特定言之,本發明提供來自SLIT2蛋白質之肽片段,及其在抑制癌症生長、侵入及轉移中之應用。
Description
本發明係關於癌症治療或預防。特定言之,本發明提供來自SLIT2蛋白質之肽片段,及其在抑制癌症生長、癌症侵入及癌轉移中之應用。
近年來,抗癌肽獲得更高關注。然而,大部分習知抗癌藥物生物活性較低且毒性較高。因此,需要開發具有高生物活性及低毒性之抗癌生物活性肽。
本發明提供一種包含如本文所描述之胺基酸序列的肽。某些實施例包括包含FHIVELLA或FHAVELLA胺基酸序列之肽。某些其他實施例包括如本文所描述之環肽、聚乙二醇化肽及茀基甲氧基羰基-肽。
本發明提供一種醫藥組合物,其包含如本文所描述之肽。
本發明提供一種用於抑制癌症生長、癌症侵入及/或癌轉移之方法,其包含投與有效量之如本文所描述的肽。
本發明提供一種用於預防、治療或減緩癌症之方法,其包含投與有效量之如本文所描述的肽。
圖1顯示茀基甲氧基羰基(Fmoc)-LT1-3(LT1-3)之丙胺酸取代對細胞增殖之影響。
圖2顯示Fmoc-LT-A3(LT-A3)之鹼基取代對細胞增殖之影響。
圖3顯示CL1-5細胞中Fmoc-LT-肽(LT-肽)對生長抑制的劑量影響。
圖4顯示各種肺癌細胞株中Fmoc-LT1-3及Fmoc-LT-A3之生長抑制活性。
圖5(A)至5(C)顯示Fmoc-LT1-3(A)、Fmoc-LT-A3(B)及Fmoc-LT-A3-PEG3(C)對侵入抑制之劑量影響。
圖6顯示經不同量之LT1-3肽治療之小鼠在第18天的早期腫瘤形成速率。
圖7顯示異種移植模型中Fmoc-LT1-3對腫瘤生長之影響。
圖8顯示經不同量之LT1-3肽治療之腫瘤的尺寸。
圖9顯示經不同量之Fmoc-LT1-3治療之動物的相對器官重量。
圖10顯示Fmoc-LT1-3對經由尾部血管注射之CL1-5細胞的肺臟癌轉移的影響。
圖11顯示對照組、CDDP、LT1-3、CDDP+LT1-3在維持療法中之存活比例及CDDP+LT1-3在組合療法中之存活比例。
圖12顯示LT-1、LT-3、LT-4、LT-5對CL1-5細胞之侵入抑制的影響。
圖13顯示CL1-5細胞中LT1-3肽對細胞侵入抑制的影響。
圖14顯示CL1-5細胞中LT-A3肽對細胞侵入抑制的影響。
圖15顯示CL1-5細胞中C-肽之N端或C端修飾對細胞侵入的影響。
圖16顯示CL1-5細胞中LT-A3-PEG肽對細胞侵入的影響。
圖17顯示CL1-5細胞中LT1-3-PEG對細胞侵入的影響。
圖18顯示A549細胞中LT1-3-PEG對細胞侵入的影響。
圖19顯示H1299細胞中LT1-3-PEG對細胞侵入的影響。
圖20(A)及20(B)顯示CL1-5細胞中肽之N端或C端修飾對細胞增殖的影響;(A),PEG-LT1-3、PEG-LT-A3及LT-A3-PEG;(B),LT1-3及LT1-3-PEG。
圖21顯示LT1-3-PEG對各種肺癌細胞株之增殖的影響。
圖22顯示LT1-3未抑制Beas2B、HUVEC及MRC5正常細胞株之生長。
圖23顯示LT1-3-PEG對MCF-7、T-47D、MDA-MB-453及MDA231乳癌細胞之增殖的影響。
圖24顯示PKA抑制劑(H89)提高了CL1-5細胞上LT1-3肽之生長抑制活性。
圖25顯示JNK抑制物(Sp600125)提高了CL1-5細胞上LT1-3肽之生長抑制活性。
圖26顯示PKACA之基因表現阻斷提高了CL1-5細胞上LT1-3-PEG參與之生長抑制活性。
圖27顯示JNK1之基因表現阻斷提高了CL1-5細胞上LT1-3-PEG參與之生長抑制活性。
應理解,本文所描述之各種態樣及實施例僅旨在提供說明且不用於限制申請專利範圍之範疇。
冠詞「一種(a/an)」在本文中用於指代一種或多於一種(即至少一種)該冠詞之語法對象。
胺基酸之縮寫在本發明全文中使用,且遵循本領域中已知的標準命名法。舉例而言,如本領域普通技術人員將理解,丙胺酸係Ala或A;精胺酸係Arg或R;天冬醯胺係Asn或N;天冬胺酸係Asp或D;半胱胺酸係Cys或C;麩胺酸係Glu或E;麩醯胺酸係Gln或Q;甘胺酸係Gly或G;組胺酸係His或H;異白胺酸係Ile或I;白胺酸係Leu或L;離胺酸係Lys或K;甲硫胺酸係Met或M;苯丙胺酸係Phe或F;脯胺酸係Pro或P;絲胺酸係Ser或S;蘇胺酸係Thr或T;色胺酸係Trp或W;酪胺酸係Tyr或Y;且纈胺酸係Val或V。
具有疏水性側鏈之胺基酸包括以下之非限制性實例:丙胺酸(A)、異白胺酸(I)、白胺酸(L)、甲硫胺酸(M)、苯丙胺酸(F)、色胺酸(W)、酪胺酸(Y)及纈胺酸(V)。具有親水性側鏈之胺基酸包括以下之非限制性實例:甘胺酸(G)、天冬醯胺(N)、麩醯胺酸(Q)、絲胺酸(S)、蘇胺酸(T)及半胱胺酸(C)。具有鹼性側鏈之胺基酸包括以下之非限制性實例:組胺酸(H)、離胺酸(K)及精胺酸(R)。具有酸性側鏈之胺基酸包括以下之非限制性實例:天冬胺酸(D)及麩胺酸(E)。在典型生理學條件下,具有帶正電側鏈之胺基酸包括以下之非限制性實例:精胺酸(R)、組胺酸(H)及離胺酸(K)。在典型生理學條件下,具有帶負電側鏈之胺基酸包括以下之非限制性實例:天冬胺酸(D)及麩胺酸(E)。具有兩極不帶電側鏈之胺基酸包括
以下之非限制性實例:絲胺酸(S)、蘇胺酸(T)、天冬醯胺(N)及麩醯胺酸(Q)。
非天然胺基酸包括(但不限於)氮雜環丁烷羧酸、2-胺基己二酸、3-胺基己二酸、β-丙胺酸、萘基丙胺酸(「naph」)、胺丙酸、2-胺基丁酸、4-胺基丁酸、6-胺基己酸、2-胺基庚酸、2-胺基異丁酸、3-胺基異丁酸、2-胺基庚二酸、第三丁基甘胺酸(「tBuG」)、2,4-二胺基異丁酸、鎖鏈賴胺酸(desmosine)、2,2'-二胺基庚二酸、2,3-二胺基丙酸、N-乙基甘胺酸、N-乙基天冬醯胺、高脯胺酸(「hPro」或「homoP」)、羥基離胺酸、別-羥基離胺酸、3-羥基脯胺酸(「3Hyp」)、4-羥基脯胺酸(「4Hyp」)、異鎖鏈賴胺酸(isodesmosine)、別-異白胺酸、N-甲基丙胺酸(「MeAla」或「Nime」)、包括N-甲基甘胺酸之N-烷基甘胺酸(「NAG」)、N-甲基異白胺酸、包括N-甲基戊基甘胺酸之N-烷基戊基甘胺酸(「NAPG」)。N-甲基纈胺酸、萘基丙胺酸、正纈胺酸(「Norval」)、正白胺酸(「Norleu」)、辛基甘胺酸(「OctG」)、鳥胺酸(「Orn」)、戊基甘胺酸(「pG」或「PGly」)、六氫菸生僉酸、硫代脯胺酸(「ThioP」或「tPro」)、高離胺酸(「hLys」)及高精胺酸(「hArg」)。
如本文所使用,「野生型」(wt)係指一個物種中聚核苷酸、多肽或蛋白質之天然形式(包括序列)的術語。野生型形式與基因突變引起之聚核苷酸、多肽或蛋白質的突變形式不同。
如本文所使用,術語「胺基酸」係指天然胺基酸、非天然胺基酸及胺基酸類似物,除非另有指示,否則若其結構容許立體異構形式,則所有胺基酸呈其D及L立體異構體形式。
如本文所使用,術語「肽」或「寡肽」係指由胺基酸組成
之有機化合物,其可在環化之前排列成直鏈(由羧基與相鄰胺基酸殘基之胺基之間的肽鍵連接在一起),或呈環狀形式或呈限定(例如,「巨環」)形式。
如本文所使用,術語「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」係可調配成用於醫藥用途之化合物的鹽,其包括(但不限於)金屬鹽(例如,鈉、鉀、鎂、鈣等)及氨鹽或有機胺鹽。
如本文中可互換地所用,術語「個人」、「個體」、「主體」及「患者」係指哺乳動物,其包括(但不限於)鼠(大鼠、小鼠)、非人類靈長類、人類、犬科動物、貓科動物、有蹄動物(例如,馬科動物、牛科動物、綿羊、豬科動物、山羊)等。
如本文所使用,術語「預防性」治療係出於降低產生病變風險之目的,向未顯示疾病徵象或僅呈現早期疾病徵象之個體進行投與的治療。本發明之化合物或組合物可作為預防性治療提供以減小產生病變之可能性或以使病變(若患有)之嚴重性降至最低。
如本文所使用,術語「治療(treatment/treating)」及類似者涵蓋對哺乳動物,尤其人類之疾病的任何治療,且包括:(a)防止疾病出現於易患有疾病但尚未診斷患有該疾病之個體中;(b)抑制疾病,即遏制其發展;及(c)緩解疾病,即促使疾病消退。
如本文所使用,術語「治療有效量」或「靈驗量」係指當投與哺乳動物或其他個體用於治療疾病時,足以實現對該疾病之該治療的本發明肽之量。
本發明意外地發現SLIT2蛋白質之片段對抑制腫瘤生長及侵入具有有利影響。特定言之,本發明發現一種來自SLIT2由91個胺基酸組成之片段
(ASAIYSVETINDGNFHIVELLALDQSLSLSVDGGNPKIITNLSKQSTLNFDSPLYVGGMPGKSNVASLRQAPGQNGTSFHGCIRNLYINSE)(SEQ ID NO:1),其具有同時抑制腫瘤生長及侵入之作用。本發明意外地發現,以下SEQ ID NO:1中五種交疊之肽序列對腫瘤生長及/或侵入有效。
LT-1:ASAIYSVETINDGNFHIVELLA(SEQ ID NO:2)
LT-2:FHIVELLALDQSLSLSVDGGNPKIIT(SEQ ID NO:3)
LT-3:KIITNLSKQSTLNFDSPLYVGG(SEQ ID NO:4)
LT-4:GGMPGKSNVASLRQAPGQNGTSF(SEQ ID NO:5)
LT-5:LRQAPGQNGTSFHGCIRNLYINSE(SEQ ID NO:6)
LT-1對生長及侵入活動具有抑制性作用,而LT-3、LT-4及LT-5僅對細胞侵入具有抑制性作用。LT-2之N端序列含有LT1-3序列(SEQ ID NO:4),且因此LT-2極可能對生長及侵入活動具有抑制性作用。
因此,本發明提供一種包含如SEQ ID NO:1中所示之胺基酸序列的肽,或其片段。在一些實施例中,肽之片段包含如SEQ ID NO:2、SEQ ID NO:3、SEQ ID NO:4、SEQ ID NO:5或SEQ ID NO:6中所示之胺基酸序列。
本發明亦意外地發現,10胺基酸片段LT1-1(ASAIYSVETI(SEQ ID NO:7))、10胺基酸片段LT1-2(ETINDGNFHI(SEQ ID NO:8))及8胺基酸片段LT1-3(FHIVELLA(SEQ ID NO:9))此三種片段可在22胺基酸片段LT-1內加以識別,且LT1-3同時對抑制腫瘤生長及侵入具有優異效果。
在一個態樣中,本發明提供一種肽,其包含下式I,X1-X2-X3-X4-X5-X6-X7-X8 (I)
其中X1選自具有疏水性側鏈之胺基酸;X2選自具有鹼性側鏈之胺基酸、具有酸性側鏈之胺基酸或具有疏水性側鏈之胺基酸;X3選自具有疏水性側鏈之胺基酸;X4選自具有疏水性側鏈之胺基酸;X5選自具有鹼性側鏈之胺基酸、具有酸性側鏈之胺基酸或具有疏水性側鏈之胺基酸;X6選自具有疏水性側鏈之胺基酸;X7選自具有疏水性側鏈之胺基酸或具有親水性側鏈之胺基酸;且X8選自具有疏水性側鏈之胺基酸或具有親水性側鏈之胺基酸;或經修飾之肽或其鹽。
在一些實施例中,X1選自F、A、Y及W;X2選自H、K、R、A及E;X3選自I或A;X4選自V及A;X5選自E、D、H、Orn、A及H;X6選自L及A;X7選自L及S且X8選自A及S;或經修飾之肽或其鹽。
在一些實施例中,該肽包含FHIVELLA(LT1-3)(SEQ ID NO:9)、FHAVELLA(LT-A3)(SEQ ID NO:10)、FKAVELLA(LT-K2)(SEQ ID NO:11)、FRAVELLA(LT-R2)(SEQ ID NO:12)、FHAVDLLA(LT-D5)(SEQ ID NO:13)、FHAVHLLA(LT-H5)(SEQ ID NO:14)、FHAVOLLA(LT-Orn5)(SEQ ID NO:15)、AHAVELLA(LT-A13)(SEQ ID NO:16)、FHAAELLA(LT-A34)(SEQ ID NO:17)、FHAVEALA(LT-A36)(SEQ ID NO:18)、FHAAEALA(LT-A346)(SEQ ID NO:19)、FAIVALLA(LT-A25)(LT-A2)(SEQ ID NO:20)、FEAVHLLA(LT-E2H5)(SEQ ID NO:21)、YHAVELLA(LT-Y1)(SEQ ID NO:22)、WHAVELLA(LT-W1)(SEQ ID NO:23)、FHAVELSA(LT-S7)(SEQ ID NO:24)、FHAVELLS(LT-S8)(SEQ ID NO:25)、DGNFHIVELLA(LT-11AA)(SEQ ID NO:26)、AHIVELLA(LT-A1)(SEQ ID NO:27)、
FAIVELLA(LT-A2)(SEQ ID NO:28)、FHIAELLA(LT-A4)(SEQ ID NO:29)、FHIVALLA(LT-A5)(SEQ ID NO:30)、FHIVEALA(LT-A6)(SEQ ID NO:31)、FHIVELAA(LT-A7)(SEQ ID NO:32)、或包含以下胺基酸序列之肽:該序列在闡述於SEQ ID NO:9至SEQ ID NO:32中任一者中的胺基酸序列中具有一種或數種胺基酸取代、缺失及/或添加且其活性等於或高於闡述於SEQ ID NO:9至SEQ ID NO:32中任一者中的胺基酸序列之活性;或經修飾之肽或其鹽。
在另一實施例中,本發明之肽係FHAVELLA(SEQ ID NO:10);或經修飾之肽或其鹽。
本發明之肽包括包含以下胺基酸序列之肽:該序列在闡述於式(I)中的胺基酸序列中具有一種或數種胺基酸取代、缺失及/或添加(此後亦稱為「經修飾之肽」)。本領域的一般技術人員廣泛熟知之事實為:由在特定胺基酸序列中具有一種或數種胺基酸取代、缺失及/或添加之胺基酸序列組成的肽可維持初始肽之生物活性。
在本上下文中,在一種或數種胺基酸經其他胺基酸取代之情況下,胺基酸側鏈之特性較佳在取代前後得以保留。胺基酸側鏈之特性包括疏水性胺基酸(A、I、L、M、F、P、W、Y、V)、親水性胺基酸(R、D、N、C、E、Q、G、H、K、S、T)、具有脂肪族側鏈之胺基酸(G、A、V、L、I、P)、具有含羥基之側鏈的胺基酸(S、T、Y)、具有含硫原子之側鏈的胺基酸(C、M)、具有含羧酸或醯胺之側鏈的胺基酸(D、N、E、Q)、具有含鹼基之側鏈的胺基酸(R、K、H)、具有含芳族之側鏈的胺基酸(H、F、Y、W)(括號中之各字母代表胺基酸之單字母符號)。
此外,經修飾之肽與初始肽之間的相同性較佳係60%或更
多、更佳係75%或更多、甚至更佳係85%或更多、尤其較佳係95%或更多、且最佳係98%或更多。
本發明之肽可經修飾以改良溶解性或穩定性。在一些實施例中,經修飾之肽係環肽、聚乙二醇化肽或茀基甲氧基羰基-肽。舉例而言,可以任意添加一系列極性殘基或PEG(聚乙二醇)至本發明之肽以改良其溶解性。PEG可添加至本發明之肽的C端或N端。在一個實施例中,PEG添加至本發明之肽的N端或C端。在一些實施例中,經修飾之肽係PEG-肽,其中PEG結合至肽之N端或C端,該肽包含選自由SEQ ID NO:9至SEQ ID NO:32組成之群的胺基酸序列。在一個實施例中,PEG-肽係PEG-LT1-3或PEG-LT-A3(亦即,PEG結合至肽之C端或N端,該肽包含選自由SEQ ID NO:9或SEQ ID NO:10組成之群的胺基酸序列)。
在一個實施例中,茀基甲氧基羰基(Fmoc)添加至本發明之肽以改良穩定性。在一些實施例中,經修飾之肽係Fmoc-肽,其中Fmoc結合至肽之N端或C端,該肽包含選自由SEQ ID NO:9至SEQ ID NO:32組成之群的胺基酸序列。在一個實施例中,Fmoc-肽係Fmoc-LT1-3或Fmoc-LT-A3(亦即,Fmoc結合至肽之N端,該肽包含選自由SEQ ID NO:9或SEQ ID NO:10組成之群的胺基酸序列。
可使用任何本領域中已知的用於製造多肽之方法製造該等肽,包括(例如)合成及重組方法。因為其尺寸相對較小,本發明之肽可根據習知技術在溶液中或在固態載體上直接合成。各種自動合成器可商購且可根據已知方案使用。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,可使用合成化學技術合成該等肽,諸如固相合成、梅里菲爾德型固相合成(Merrifield-type solid-phase synthesis)、t-Boc固相合成、Fmoc固相合成、BOP固相合成
及溶液相合成。在其他實施例中,可根據本領域中之技術人員熟習的重組技術製造肽,舉例而言,藉由在細胞或無細胞系統中以對肽進行編碼之核苷酸來表現該肽。該等肽可併入本領域中之技術人員所知的各種修飾形及保護基中的任一者。
在一個實施例中,本發明經修飾之肽呈環狀形式。在一個實施例中,本發明經修飾之肽係環狀,其藉由在肽之N端添加一個或多於一個親水性胺基酸、視情況一個或多於一個疏水性胺基酸而形成。在一個實施例中,環肽包含兩個親水性胺基酸及一個疏水性胺基酸,該等胺基酸結合至本發明之肽的N端。
在一個實施例中,本發明之肽係式I之肽的環狀形式。在另一實施例中,本發明提供具有如下式II之環肽,Xa1-Xa2-Xa3-X1-X2-X3-X4-X5-X6-X7-X8 (II)
其中Xa1結合至X8形成頭-尾環化,且Xa1係D;Xa2係G;Xa3係N;且X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7及X8各自係本文所定義之胺基酸。
本發明之具有環狀部分的肽化合物係指由胺基酸及/或胺基酸類似物之醯胺鍵或酯鍵形成之化合物且具有環狀部分,該部分產生自共價鍵參與的環化,諸如醯胺鍵或碳-碳鍵形成反應。
本發明具有環狀部分之經修飾的肽化合物並非特定侷限於只要該肽在環狀位置發生環化即可。轉譯後環化位置須為環化單元,該單元形成保證膜滲透性與代謝穩定性(類藥性)相容之官能基。任何此種環化方法均可在無特定限制之情況下使用。此類方法之實例包括自羧酸形成醯胺鍵,及使用過渡金屬作為催化劑形成胺鍵及碳-碳鍵,諸如鈴木反應
(Suzuki reaction)、赫克反應(Heck reaction)及抗發炎反應(Sonogashira reaction)。因此,本發明之肽化合物含有至少一組能夠進行此種鍵生成反應之官能基。
本發明之肽化合物中的環狀部分較佳係(例如)轉譯合成後由化學反應產生之環化所形成的環狀部分。再者,環狀部分較佳係轉譯後甚至可在不影響諸如RNA或DNA之核苷酸的反應條件下形成之環狀部分。
在另一實施例中,本發明之環肽包含胺基酸序列DGNFHIVELLA(SEQ ID NO:26),其中D結合至A形成頭-尾環化(環狀-LT-11AA)。
本發明之肽同時對腫瘤生長及腫瘤侵入展現出抑制性,且因此可用於治療癌症。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種醫藥組合物,其包含本文所描述之肽。在一個實施例中,該組合物包含第二抗癌劑。舉例而言,第二抗癌劑包括(但不限於)埃羅梯尼(erlotinib)、阿法替尼(afatinib)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)、貝伐單抗(bevacizumab)、雷莫蘆單抗(ramucirumab)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)、順鉑、太平洋紫杉醇、甲胺喋呤、環磷醯胺、異磷醯胺、氮芥苯丁酸、雙氯乙基亞硝脲、卡鉑(carboplatin)、長春新鹼、長春花鹼、噻替派(thiotepa)、洛莫司汀、司莫斯汀(semustine)、5-氟尿嘧啶、皮質類固醇、鈣調神經磷酸酶抑制劑、NSAID、5-脂肪加氧酶抑制劑及阿糖胞苷。
與用於醫療或預防治療之醫藥組合物相關的一些實施例提供特定針對經黏膜(經口、經鼻、吸入、經腸、經陰道、經氣管等)、非經
腸、外部或局部投與中任一者的調配物。在一些實施例中,適當地非經腸投與該等醫藥組合物,例如經靜脈、皮下、皮內或肌內投與。本發明之醫藥組合物可根據習知方法調配(例如,Remington's Pharmaceutical Science,最新版本,Mark Publishing Company,Easton,U.S.A.),且亦可含有醫藥學上可接受之載劑及添加劑。實例包括(但不限於)界面活性劑、賦形劑、著色劑、調味劑、防腐劑、穩定劑、緩衝劑、懸浮劑、等張劑、固著劑、崩解劑、潤滑劑、流動促進劑及矯正劑,且可適當地使用其他常用載劑。載劑之特定實例包括輕質無水矽酸、乳糖、結晶纖維素、甘露糖醇、澱粉、羧甲基纖維素鈣、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、聚乙烯縮醛二乙胺基乙酸酯、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、明膠、中鏈三酸甘油酯、聚氧乙烯硬化蓖麻油60、蔗糖、羧基甲基纖維素、玉米澱粉、無機鹽及此類物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於預防、治療或改善癌症之方法,其包含向個體投與有效量的本文所描述之肽。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種用於抑制癌症生長、癌症侵入及/或癌轉移之方法,其包含向個體投與有效量的本文所描述之肽。
在一個實施例中,本發明之方法進一步包含投與如本文所描述之第二抗癌劑的步驟。在另一實施例中,本發明之肽及第二抗癌劑並行投與或分開投與。
舉例而言,能夠由本發明之肽、組合物及方法治療之癌症包括(但不限於)由以下組成之群:神精母細胞瘤;膽管癌;肺癌;非小細胞肺癌;肝細胞癌;頭頸鱗狀細胞癌;鱗狀細胞子宮頸癌;淋巴瘤;鼻咽癌;胃癌;大腸癌;子宮頸癌;膽囊癌;前列腺癌;乳癌;睾丸生殖細胞
腫瘤;大腸直腸癌;神經膠質瘤;甲狀腺癌;基底細胞癌;胃腸基質癌;肝胚細胞瘤;子宮內膜癌;卵巢癌;胰腺癌;腎細胞癌、卡波西式肉瘤(Kaposi's sarcoma)、慢性白血病、肉瘤、直腸癌、喉癌、黑色素瘤、大腸癌、膀胱癌、肥胖細胞瘤、乳房癌、乳腺癌、咽腔鱗狀細胞癌、睾丸癌、胃腸癌、或胃癌及尿路上皮細胞癌。
由本文所描述之方法治療的個體涵蓋哺乳類個體,包括人類個體及非人類(動物)個體,諸如犬、貓、兔、山羊、馬、豬、牛等。如本文所使用之術語「並行投與」意指在十分相近之時間內投與兩種化合物以取得組合(免疫性)效果。因此,並行投與可以順序投與或同步投與方式進行(例如,以共同或相同載劑進行同步投與)。
在一些實施例中,所揭示之肽及組合物可藉由任何合適的投與途徑進行投與,其包括(但不限於)注射(皮下、腹膜內、靜脈內、脊髓、肌內、腦室內及脊柱注射)、鼻內、經口、經皮、非經腸、吸入、經鼻咽或經黏膜吸收。投與涵蓋提供至少一種調配成醫藥組合物之如本文描述的肽。醫藥學上可接受之載劑係本領域之技術人員所熟知的。決定針對給定治療之特定醫藥調配物及治療有效量及用劑規範係處於本領域之技術人員所考慮之能力範圍內,例如患者年齡、體重、性別、族群、器官(例如肝及腎)功能、所需治療之程度、疾病階段及嚴重性及相關症狀、及患者對治療的容忍度。
在有關治療應用之實施例中,可在已患有所關注之病症的個體上進行投與。處於疾病潛伏期或急性發病期之個體可藉由本文所描述之方法治療,如適當地基於特定疾病/病症、患者及組合進行單獨治療或與其他治療組合進行。本領域中之技術人員應能夠決定組合治療是否合適
之時間。在治療方法及使用中,本文所描述之肽及組合物可以足以治療、或至少部分抑制症狀及/或併發症之量投與至個體。足以實現此目的之量通常稱為「治療有效劑量」。對此用途有效之量將部分取決於肽、組合物、投與方式、待治療症狀之階段及嚴重性、患者之年齡、體重及大體健康狀況、及開處方之醫師的判斷。
無需進一步詳細描述,咸信本領域之技術人員可基於先前描述最大程度地利用本發明。因此,以下實例應理解為僅為說明性的且無論如何不限制本發明之範疇。
二甲亞碸(DMSO;>99.9%)及γ-環糊精(γ-CD;2.5mM於RPMI-1640中(無血清))用作溶劑以溶解LT-肽。LT肽溶解於DMSO或γ-CD中,最終達2.5mM濃度,且渦旋流動30min。使用RPMI培養基進一步稀釋肽溶液至1mM、0.5mM及50μM。LT1-3-PEG肽可直接溶解於RPMI-1640中。在顯微鏡下觀察肽溶液以檢測其溶解性。
以下描述之肽經Fmoc修飾且溶解於DMSO及γ-CD中,且隨後用於細胞增殖分析。在含有10% FBS之RPMI培養基中培養CL1-5細胞達80%匯流。在分離後,將3×104個細胞接種於12孔盤上。培育16h後,在治療前採收細胞(標記為0h),或用LT肽治療24h(標記為24h),且計數活細胞數目。藉由以下方程計算相關細胞數目之倍數變化或細胞生長之百分比增長(%):(細胞數目24h-細胞數目0h)/(對照組細胞數目24h-對照組細胞數目0h)。
結果顯示,Fmoc-LT-A3具有最佳生長抑制能力。F-moc-LT-A1、LT-A2、LT-A4、LT-A6及LT-A7之抑制活性亦優於F-moc-LT1-3肽(圖1)。對LT-A3肽之進一步修飾顯示出低於Fmoc-LT-A3肽之生長抑制活性(圖2)。劑量影響實驗亦顯示Fmoc-LT-A3具有最佳生長抑制能力(圖3)。吾人亦測定Fmoc-LT1-3及Fmoc-LT-A3在不同肺癌細胞株中對生長抑制的影響。結果顯示Fmoc-LT1-3及Fmoc-LT-A3大大地抑制了CL1-5、H1355及H460肺癌細胞株,部分抑制了H1299細胞株,但是對於A549細胞無影響(圖4)。Fmoc-LT1-3與Fmoc-A3之間的生長抑制趨勢相似,暗示了此兩種肽特定地在生長抑制中起作用。
在細胞侵入分析中使用Fmoc-LT1-3。24孔經修飾之具有聚碳酸酯膜的Boyden腔室(8-μm孔徑)用於體外侵入分析。該膜塗佈有18μg Matrigel(Becton Dickinson,稀釋於RPMI-1640中)。將具有各種濃度之肽的RPMI培養基中之CL1-5細胞(3×104個細胞/孔)接種於上腔室中。RPMI-1640培養基單獨用於下腔室中。在培育24h後,細胞經冰凍100%甲醇固定且經10%吉姆薩染液(Giemsa)染色。在染色後,用棉拭子移除位於膜上側之細胞。在光學顯微鏡下計數附著於聚碳酸酯膜之下表面的受侵入細胞之數目。所有實驗均重複進行三次。如圖5A及圖5B中顯示,Fmoc-LT1-3及Fmoc-LT-A3均抑制細胞侵入,然而,Fmoc-LT1-3之侵入抑制能力優於Fmoc-LT-A3。有趣的是,Fmoc-LT-A3之C端聚乙二醇化大大地提昇了侵入抑制活性(圖5C)。
將六週齡免疫缺陷BALB/CAnN.Cg-Foxnlnu/CrlBltw小鼠
安置於單獨的通風腔室(individual ventilated chambers,IVC)中。使總共2×106個CL1-5肺癌細胞於100μL PBS中與100μL之10×Matrigel混合。肺癌細胞/Matrigel混合物經皮下注射至小鼠之下背部。三天後,每天用0、10、20、或30nmol之Fmoc-LT-1-3對小鼠進行皮下治療。自第3天至第17天,Fmoc-LT-1-3肽溶解於100% DMSO中且在PBS中稀釋至所需濃度。在第18天,吾人觀察到80%對照組動物、40% 10nmol組動物、20% 20nmol組動物及40% 30nmol組動物產生腫瘤。在10nmol與20nmol之間,無腫瘤動物之百分比隨著Fmoc-LT1-3之量的提高而提高。然而,30nmol組未展現無腫瘤動物之百分比的進一步提高(圖6)。此現象可源於Fmoc-LT1-3在較高濃度下的較低溶解性。因此,吾人決定用γ-CD溶劑替換DMSO溶劑,且將肽稀釋至所需濃度以在第18天或其後進行注射。定期量測腫瘤體積。結果顯示,20nmol Fomc-LT1-3對抑制腫瘤生長具有最佳效果(圖7)。儘管如圖6所示,在第18天10nmol及30nmol Fmoc-LT1-3/DMSO具有相似的初始腫瘤生長速率,但在用γ-CD替換溶劑之後,30nmol Fmoc-LT1-3/γ-CD治療組明顯抑制了腫瘤生長(圖7)。在第39天,動物死去。稱量、固定腫瘤及器官且將其嵌入石蠟中。對嵌入之組織進行分段且用蘇木精-伊紅染色用於組織學分析。如圖8中所示,在與對照組比較時,20nmol及30nmol Fmoc-LT-1-3明顯抑制了腫瘤重量。圖9顯示,治療組與對照組之間的相對器官重量無明顯差異。在用Fmoc-LT1-3治療時,組是學分析未揭示動物中之明顯毒性。
將五週齡免疫缺陷BALB/CAnN.Cg-Foxnlnu/CrlBltw小鼠安置於IVC中。用200μM Fmoc-LT1-3預治療CL1-5細胞達24h,且隨後
培養於含有Fmoc-LT1-3肽之新鮮培養基中達6h,之後採收細胞。CL1-5細胞經分離、離心且再懸浮於含200μM Fmoc-LT1-3肽之PBS中以用於注射。在尾部血管注射前三十分鐘,亦用20nmol Fmoc-LT1-3對小鼠進行皮下治療。將總計1×106個CL1-5細胞經靜脈注射至小鼠中。在尾部血管注射後第二天,每天將20nmol Fmoc-LT1-3/0.5% DMSO或Fmoc-LT1-3/γ-CD皮下注射至小鼠中。至第56天,動物死去,且針對癌轉移形成檢測所有器官。在解剖顯微鏡下計數肺表面上的轉移性結節。固定器官且將其嵌入石蠟中。對嵌入之組織進行分段且用蘇木精-伊紅染色用於組織學分析。如圖10中所示,Fmoc-LT1-3明顯抑制了經由尾部血管注射之兩種溶劑中的CL1-5細胞之癌轉移。
CL1-5細胞經洗滌、分離且再懸浮於PBS中。隨後,將含有2×106個細胞於80μL PBS中之單細胞懸浮液與20μL 10×Matrigel(Corning,5117012)混合。將細胞懸浮液皮下注射至免疫缺陷BALB/CAnN.Cg-Foxnlnu/CrlBltw小鼠之上背部中。使腫瘤生長10天,在此期間,90%小鼠產生腫瘤。攜帶腫瘤之小鼠分為五組(n=8/組)。在以下五組中,平均腫瘤體積係120-140mm3:對照組、Fmoc-LT1-3、順鉑、維持治療及組合治療。在第13天,每天用20nmol Fmoc-LT1-3/γ-CD對Fmoc-LT1-3組中之小鼠在下背部進行皮下注射。每週向順鉑組中之小鼠腹膜內注射(IP)投與4mg/kg順鉑,總共4次。維持治療中之小鼠接受4次順鉑之IP,且在第三次IP注射順鉑時每天注射20nmol Fmoc-LT1-3/γ-CD。對組合治療組中之小鼠一週四次地投與順鉑之IP,且每天投與20nmol Fmoc-LT1-3/γ-CD。在各治療之過程期間,每3天量測腫瘤體積。記
錄小鼠之死亡率,包括腫瘤體積超過1500mm3之小鼠。存活率之百分比記錄於圖11中,且各組之中位生存期計算於表1中。結果顯示,對照組之中位生存期係27.5天,僅有順鉑及僅有Fmoc-LT1-3之組將中位生存期延長至37.5天,使用順鉑及Fmoc-LT1-3之組合治療將中位生存期進一步延長至47.5天,且維持治療組亦將中位生存期延長至44天。有趣的是,Fmoc-LT1-3似乎緩解順鉑引發之毒性,正如吾人所觀測,在僅使用順鉑之組中,小鼠在注射順鉑後死去,小鼠在維持組之前兩個週期中死去,但未在組合治療組中死去(圖11)。此外,組合治療中之小鼠比僅使用順鉑之組中的小鼠更活躍且更健康。因此,Fmoc-LT1-3不僅抑制腫瘤生長及癌轉移,而且降低順鉑之毒性,且顯著提昇使用順鉑之組合治療中的動物存活時間。
根據實例2及實例3中所描述之方法,對在0μM、12.5μM、25μM及50μM之濃度下的肽片段LT-1、LT-2、LT-3、LT-4及LT-5進行細胞增殖分析及侵入分析。LT-1對生長及侵入活動具有抑制性作用,而LT-3、LT-4及LT-5僅對細胞侵入具有抑制性作用。由於肽合成期間的環化作用,未獲得用於最終分析之全長LT-2肽。然而,LT-2之N端序列含有LT1-3之序列,且因此極有可能LT-2對生長及侵入活動具有抑制性作用(參見圖12及如下表格)。
LT1-3及LT-A3具有疏水性。LT-A3之生長抑制活性優於LT1-3(圖1),而LT1-3之侵入抑制活性優於LT-A3(圖13及圖14)。為了提高肽溶解性,在LT1-3及LT-A3之N端或C端進行PEG修飾。結果顯示,LT-1-3及LT-A3肽(PEG-1-3 & PEG-A3)之N端上的PEG3修飾在CL1-5細胞上不具有侵入抑制活性,而LT-A3(A3-PEG)之C端PEG3修飾具有良好抑制活性(圖15)。LT-A3-PEG對肺癌細胞之侵入抑制的劑量影響顯示,相較於LT-A3(圖14),LT-A3-PEG大大地提昇了肽之侵入抑制活性(圖16)。相較於LT1-3(圖13),C端經PEG3修飾之LT-1-3(LT1-3-PEG)亦提昇了侵入抑制活性(圖17)。
重要的是要檢測LT-肽是否抑制除CL1-5外的肺癌細胞之發展。結果顯示,LT1-3-PEG亦有效抑制A549及H1299細胞之侵入(圖18及圖19)。LT1-3-PEG亦抑制H460及H1355肺癌細胞之侵入,且當前正在研究LT1-3-PEG對此等兩種細胞株之劑量影響。
儘管LT-A3在CL1-5細胞中具有優異生長抑制活性,LT-A3上的N端或C端PEG3修飾(PEG-A3 & A3-PEG)及LT1-3上的N端PEG3修飾(PEG-1-3)不具有生長抑制活性(圖20A)。幸運的是,C端經PEG3修飾之LT1-3(LT1-3-PEG)保持了生長抑制活性(圖20B)。
檢測各種細胞株中LT1-3-PEG對細胞增殖之劑量影響。結果顯示,LT1-3-PEG有效抑制了CL1-5、A549、H460及H1355增殖但未抑制H1299增殖(圖21)。
重要的是要研究LT-肽如何影響正常細胞株。吾人用LT-肽治療SV40轉化之人類支氣管上皮細胞Beas2B、人類胚胎肺臟成纖維細胞MRC5及HUVEC,且進行細胞增殖分析。吾人之初始結果顯示LT-肽未抑制此等正常細胞之生長(圖22)。
LT1-3-PEG亦抑制MCF-7、T-47D、MDA-MB-231及MDA-MB-453乳癌細胞株之增殖(圖23)。
PKA抑制劑(H89)及JNK抑制劑(SP600125)提高了CL1-5肺癌細胞中LT1-3及LT1-3-PEG參與之生長抑制(圖24及圖25)。為了證實此類觀察,在CL1-5中用siRNA干擾PKA及JNK1之催化子單元,且隨後對該等細胞進行LT-肽治療。結果證明PKA及JNK之活性降低提昇了對LT-1-3-肽參與之生長的抑制性效果(圖26及圖27)。
Claims (16)
- 一種肽或其經修飾之肽或其鹽,其選自由ASAIYSVETINDGNFHIVELLALDQSLSLSVDGGNPKIITNLSKQSTLNFDSPLYVGGMPGKSNVASLRQAPGQNGTSFHGCIRNLYINSE(LT-1)(SEQ ID NO:1)、FHIVELLA(LT1-3)(SEQ ID NO:9)、FHAVELLA(LT-A3)(SEQ ID NO:10)、FKAVELLA(LT-K2)(SEQ ID NO:11)、FRAVELLA(LT-R2)(SEQ ID NO:12)、FHAVDLLA(LT-D5)(SEQ ID NO:13)、FHAVHLLA(LT-H5)(SEQ ID NO:14)、FHAVOLLA(LT-Orn5)(SEQ ID NO:15)、AHAVELLA(LT-A13)(SEQ ID NO:16)、FHAAELLA(LT-A34)(SEQ ID NO:17)、FHAVEALA(LT-A36)(SEQ ID NO:18)、FHAAEALA(LT-A346)(SEQ ID NO:19)、FAIVALLA(LT-A25)(LT-A2)(SEQ ID NO:20)、FEAVHLLA(LT-E2H5)(SEQ ID NO:21)、YHAVELLA(LT-Y1)(SEQ ID NO:22)、WHAVELLA(LT-W1)(SEQ ID NO:23)、FHAVELSA(LT-S7)(SEQ ID NO:24)、FHAVELLS(LT-S8)(SEQ ID NO:25)、DGNFHIVELLA(LT-11AA)(SEQ ID NO:26)、AHIVELLA(LT-A1)(SEQ ID NO:27)、FAIVELLA(LT-A2)(SEQ ID NO:28)、FHIAELLA(LT-A4)(SEQ ID NO:29)、FHIVALLA(LT-A5)(SEQ ID NO:30)、FHIVEALA(LT-A6)(SEQ ID NO:31)及FHIVELAA(LT-A7)(SEQ ID NO:32)組成之群。
- 如請求項1之肽或經修飾之肽或其鹽,其為胺基酸序列FHIVELLA(SEQ ID NO:9)或FHAVELLA(SEQ ID NO:10)。
- 如請求項1或2之肽或經修飾之肽或其鹽,其中該經修飾之肽具有改良之穩定性或溶解性。
- 如請求項1或2之肽或經修飾之肽或其鹽,其中該經修飾之肽係環肽、聚乙二醇化肽或茀基甲氧基羰基(Fmoc)-肽。
- 如請求項1或2之肽或經修飾之肽或其鹽,其中該經修飾之肽係Fmoc-肽,其中Fmoc結合至選自由SEQ ID NO:9至SEQ ID NO:32組成之群的胺基酸序列之肽的N端或C端。
- 如請求項1或2之肽或經修飾之肽或其鹽,其中該經修飾之肽係PEG-肽,其中PEG結合至選自由SEQ ID NO:9至SEQ ID NO:32組成之群的胺基酸序列之肽的N端或C端。
- 如請求項4之肽或經修飾之肽或其鹽,其中該環肽包含兩個親水性胺基酸及一個疏水性胺基酸,該等兩個親水性胺基酸及一個疏水性胺基酸鍵結至如請求項1或2之肽或經修飾之肽的N端。
- 如請求項7之肽或經修飾之肽或其鹽,其中該環肽包含DGN鍵結至如請求項1之肽或經修飾之肽的N端。
- 如請求項8之肽或經修飾之肽或其鹽,其中該環肽為胺基酸序列 DGNFHIVELLA(SEQ ID NO:26),其中D以頭尾環化形式鍵結至A。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至9中任一項之肽或經修飾之肽或其鹽及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項10之醫藥組合物,其進一步包含第二抗癌劑。
- 如請求項11之醫藥組合物,其中該第二抗癌劑係埃羅梯尼(erlotinib)、阿法替尼(afatinib)、吉非替尼(gefitinib)、貝伐單抗(bevacizumab)、雷莫蘆單抗(ramucirumab)、拉帕替尼(lapatinib)、順鉑(cisplatin)、太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、甲胺喋呤(methotrexate)、環磷醯胺(cyclophosphamide)、異磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、氮芥苯丁酸(chlorambucil)、雙氯乙基亞硝脲(carmustine)、卡鉑(carboplatin)、長春新鹼、長春花鹼、噻替派(thiotepa)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、司莫斯汀(semustine)、5-氟尿嘧啶、皮質類固醇、鈣調神經磷酸酶(calcineurin)抑制劑、NSAID、5-脂肪加氧酶抑制劑或阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)。
- 一種如請求項1至9中任一項之肽或經修飾之肽或其鹽的用途,其係用於製備用於治療及/或改善癌症或抑制癌症生長、侵入及/或轉移的藥物。
- 如請求項13之用途,其中該藥物進一步包含第二抗癌劑或與第二抗癌劑組合投與。
- 如請求項14之用途,其中該第二抗癌劑係埃羅梯尼、阿法替尼、吉非替尼、貝伐單抗、雷莫蘆單抗、拉帕替尼、順鉑、太平洋紫杉醇、甲胺喋呤、環磷醯胺、異磷醯胺、氮芥苯丁酸、雙氯乙基亞硝脲、卡鉑、長春新鹼、長春花鹼、噻替派、洛莫司汀、司莫斯汀、5-氟尿嘧啶、皮質類固醇、鈣調神經磷酸酶抑制劑、NSAID、5-脂肪加氧酶抑制劑或阿糖胞苷。
- 如請求項14之用途,其中該藥物係用於組合療法或維持療法。
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US6008058A (en) | 1993-06-18 | 1999-12-28 | University Of Louisville | Cyclic peptide mixtures via side chain or backbone attachment and solid phase synthesis |
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KR20180037424A (ko) * | 2016-10-04 | 2018-04-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 재조합 단백질, 재조합 미생물 및 그를 이용한 고분자 물질을 분해하는 방법 |
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WO2018200921A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
TW201904987A (zh) | 2019-02-01 |
EP3628048A1 (en) | 2020-04-01 |
CN111032679B (zh) | 2024-04-12 |
US20210032288A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
JP7357292B2 (ja) | 2023-10-06 |
CN117946213A (zh) | 2024-04-30 |
EP3628048A4 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
US11591368B2 (en) | 2023-02-28 |
CN111032679A (zh) | 2020-04-17 |
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