TWI733503B - 聚氨酯泡綿敷料及傷口敷料產品 - Google Patents

聚氨酯泡綿敷料及傷口敷料產品 Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI733503B
TWI733503B TW109121108A TW109121108A TWI733503B TW I733503 B TWI733503 B TW I733503B TW 109121108 A TW109121108 A TW 109121108A TW 109121108 A TW109121108 A TW 109121108A TW I733503 B TWI733503 B TW I733503B
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
diisocyanate
polyurethane foam
dressing
foam dressing
triol
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TW109121108A
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English (en)
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TW202200653A (zh
Inventor
辜雅文
王仁賢
Original Assignee
中鎮醫療產品科技股份有限公司
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Priority to TW109121108A priority Critical patent/TWI733503B/zh
Priority to US17/021,794 priority patent/US11970569B2/en
Priority to CN202110211968.9A priority patent/CN113801285A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TWI733503B publication Critical patent/TWI733503B/zh
Publication of TW202200653A publication Critical patent/TW202200653A/zh

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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
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    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
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Abstract

一種聚氨酯泡綿敷料，是由以下步驟所製得：(a) 提供一具有六個羥基的疏水性多元醇，該疏水性多元醇是由以下子步驟所製得：(a1) 使一分枝的三元醇與一第一二異氰酸酯反應，以得到一三異氰酸酯中間物，及(a2) 使該三異氰酸酯中間物與一疏水性聚醚三元醇反應。(b) 提供一親水性二異氰酸酯，該親水性二異氰酸酯是由一第二二異氰酸酯與一親水性聚醚二元醇反應而得。(c) 使該疏水性多元醇與該親水性二異氰酸酯反應，以得到一含有3~6個異氰酸酯基團的預聚物。(d) 混合該預聚物與一親水性聚醚多元醇、一發泡劑、一封端劑、一強化劑及一催化劑，以形成該聚氨酯泡綿敷料。

Description

聚氨酯泡綿敷料及傷口敷料產品
本發明是有關於一種聚氨酯泡綿敷料及包含該聚氨酯泡綿敷料的傷口敷料產品，特別是指一種適用於調節傷口及正常皮膚的水分的聚氨酯泡綿敷料。
現有用於覆蓋傷口的自黏矽膠泡綿敷料貼片或聚氨酯敷料貼片，對於傷口具有固定支持的作用，且可防水而具有良好保溼作用。
然而，現有自黏矽膠泡綿敷料貼片的製程需要在聚氨酯泡綿上形成聚矽氧塗層，且其與現有聚氨酯敷料貼片對於傷口及正常皮膚的水分調節能力皆不夠理想，通常需要頻繁地清創及更換敷料。
因此，本發明之目的，即在提供一種聚氨酯泡綿敷料，可以克服上述先前技術的缺點。
於是，本發明聚氨酯泡綿敷料是由以下步驟所製得：
(a) 提供一具有六個羥基的疏水性多元醇(hydrophobic polyol)，該疏水性多元醇是由以下子步驟所製得：(a1) 使一分枝的三元醇(branched triol)與一第一二異氰酸酯(first diisocyanate)反應，以得到一三異氰酸酯中間物(triisocyanate intermediate)，及(a2) 使該三異氰酸酯中間物與一疏水性聚醚三元醇(hydrophobic polyether triol)反應。
(b)    提供一親水性二異氰酸酯(hydrophilic diisocyanate)，該親水性二異氰酸酯是由一第二二異氰酸酯(second diisocyanate)與一親水性聚醚二元醇(hydrophilic polyether diol)反應而得。
(c) 使該疏水性多元醇與該親水性二異氰酸酯反應，以得到一含有3~6個異氰酸酯基團的預聚物(prepolymer)。
(d)    混合該預聚物與一親水性聚醚多元醇、一發泡劑、一封端劑(end-capping agent)、一強化劑(reinforcing agent)及一催化劑，以形成該聚氨酯泡綿敷料。
因此，本發明之另一目的，即在提供一種傷口敷料產品，包含一防水透氣膜、一如上所述的聚氨酯泡綿敷料及一黏著層，該防水透氣膜是藉由該黏著層黏著在該聚氨酯泡綿敷料上。
本發明之功效在於：該聚氨酯泡綿敷料及傷口敷料產品具有優良的對於傷口及正常皮膚的水分調節能力，並有助於傷口癒合。
以下將就本發明內容進行詳細說明：
本發明聚氨酯泡綿敷料是由以下步驟所製得：
(a) 提供一具有六個羥基的疏水性多元醇，該疏水性多元醇是由以下子步驟所製得：(a1) 使一分枝的三元醇與一第一二異氰酸酯反應，以得到一三異氰酸酯中間物，及(a2) 使該三異氰酸酯中間物與一疏水性聚醚三元醇反應。
(b)    提供一親水性二異氰酸酯，該親水性二異氰酸酯是由一第二二異氰酸酯與一親水性聚醚二元醇反應而得。
(c) 使該疏水性多元醇與該親水性二異氰酸酯反應，以得到一含有3~6個異氰酸酯基團的預聚物。
(d)    混合該預聚物與一親水性聚醚多元醇、一發泡劑、一封端劑、一強化劑及一催化劑，以形成該聚氨酯泡綿敷料。
較佳地，該分枝的三元醇是選自於1,1,1-三羥甲基丙烷(trimethylolpropane)、三乙醇胺、甘油、1,2,6-己三醇、1,2,4-丁三醇、聚氧乙基甘油醚或其組合。
較佳地，該第一二異氰酸酯及該第二二異氰酸酯是獨立地選自於六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(hexamethylene diisocyanate, HDI)、亞甲基二環己基二異氰酸酯(methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate, H 12MDI)、異佛酮二異氰酸酯(isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI)或其組合。
較佳地，該疏水性聚醚三元醇是選自於聚丙二醇三元醇[poly(propylene glycol) triol]、聚四亞甲基醚二醇三元醇[poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol triol]或其組合。
較佳地，該親水性聚醚二元醇是聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol, PEG)。
較佳地，該親水性聚醚多元醇是聚乙二醇，其重量平均分子量範圍為400~2,000 g/mol。更佳地，該親水性聚醚多元醇是聚乙二醇，其重量平均分子量範圍為600~1,000 g/mol。
較佳地，該發泡劑是選自於水或碳酸氫鈉。
較佳地，該封端劑是一矽烷化合物(silane-containing compound)。更佳地，該矽烷化合物是一胺基矽烷(aminosilane)類化合物。又更佳地，該胺基矽烷類化合物是選自於(胺基烷基)烷氧基矽烷(aminoalkyl alkoxysilane)、(胺基烷基)三烷基矽烷(aminoalkyl trialkylsilane)或其組合。更具體地，該胺基矽烷類化合物是選自於(3-胺基丙基)三乙氧基矽烷[(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, APTES]、(3-胺基丙基)三甲氧基矽烷[(3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, APTMS]、(3-胺基丙基)二乙氧基甲基矽烷[(3-aminopropyl)diethoxymethylsilane, APDEMS]或其組合。
較佳地，該強化劑是聚矽氧(polysiloxane)。
本發明傷口敷料產品包含一防水透氣膜、一如上所述的聚氨酯泡綿敷料及一黏著層，該防水透氣膜是藉由該黏著層黏著在該聚氨酯泡綿敷料上。
較佳地，該防水透氣膜是由聚氨酯所製得，且該黏著層是一層聚氨酯黏著劑。
較佳地，該傷口敷料產品的厚度範圍為1~5 mm。
在本發明中，在微觀尺度(microscopic scale)或介觀尺度(mesoscopic scale)上，由該疏水性多元醇所形成的疏水性區域(位在該預聚物內部)與由該親水性二異氰酸酯所形成的親水性區域(位在該預聚物外部)是呈相分離狀態，使得該聚氨酯泡綿敷料是呈微相分離(microphase separation)狀態，有利於形成可供水氣穿透的微小縫隙。
本發明將就以下實施例來作進一步說明，但應瞭解的是，該實施例僅為例示說明之用，而不應被解釋為本發明實施之限制。
[ 傷口敷料產品的製備]
＜實施例＞
本發明傷口敷料產品的實施例，是由以下步驟所製得：
步驟(a1)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，將1,1,1-三羥甲基丙烷(TMP)與六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(HDI)以莫耳比1：3的比例混合，並添加0.05 wt%三乙烯二胺(triethylenediamine, TEDA) (以TMP及HDI之總重為100 wt%)作為催化劑，在80℃中攪拌反應90 min，利用FT-IR監測波數在2270 cm -1處之NCO特徵峰的存在，以得到三異氰酸酯中間物。
步驟(a2)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，將該三異氰酸酯中間物與聚丙二醇三元醇(PPG 4000 triol)以莫耳比1：3的比例混合，並添加0.05 wt% TEDA (以該三異氰酸酯及PPG triol之總重為100 wt%)作為催化劑，在80℃中攪拌反應90 min，利用FT-IR監測波數在2270 cm -1處之NCO特徵峰的消失，以得到含聚丙二醇的疏水性六元醇。
步驟(b)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，將聚乙二醇(PEG 1000 diol)與HDI以莫耳比1：2的比例混合，並添加0.05 wt% TEDA (以PEG diol及HDI之總重為100 wt%)作為催化劑，在80℃中攪拌反應90 min，利用FT-IR監測波數在2270 cm -1處之NCO特徵峰的存在，以得到含聚乙二醇的親水性二異氰酸酯。
步驟(c)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，將該疏水性六元醇與該親水性二異氰酸酯以莫耳比1：6的比例混合，在80℃中攪拌反應90 min，利用FT-IR監測波數在2270 cm -1處之NCO特徵峰的存在，以得到一每分子含有六個異氰酸酯基團的預聚物。該第一預聚物的內部具疏水性而外部具親水性。
步驟(d)：在密閉的氮氣環境中，將該預聚物、聚乙二醇(PEG 600)、水、(3-胺基丙基)三乙氧基矽烷(APTES)、聚二甲基矽氧烷(PDMS，重量平均分子量為1000~3000)以莫耳比1：1：0.4：0.3：0.3的比例混合，並添加0.1 wt%辛酸亞錫(T9) (以上述所有成分之總重為100 wt%)作為催化劑，在20℃中攪拌反應10~30 s，再塗佈在一聚氨酯防水透氣膜(購自於Covestro AG，型號為VPT 9101 T，厚度約為25 µm)上的聚氨酯黏著劑(購自於Covestro AG，型號為Baymedix® A，厚度約為20 µm)上(塗佈厚度約為3.5 mm)，最後於30℃中靜置24 h使其發泡完全，以得到本實施例含有聚氨酯泡綿敷料的傷口敷料產品。
[ 水氣穿透率(water vapor transmission rate, WVTR) 測試]
依照DIN EN 13726-2 (2002)分別測試本發明實施例的聚氨酯泡綿敷料及傷口敷料產品、市售的自黏矽膠泡綿敷料貼片(購自於Mölnlycke Health Care，型號為Mepilex® 294100，10 cm × 10 cm，厚度約為4 mm)及市售的聚氨酯敷料貼片(購自於泰陞國際科技股份有限公司，型號為P1-014-01-Y，3 cm × 3 cm，厚度約為3.5 mm)的水氣穿透率，測試結果分別如下表1所示。
[ 吸 水能力測試]
依照DIN EN 13726-1 (2002) Part 3.2/3.3分別測試本發明實施例的聚氨酯泡綿敷料及傷口敷料產品、上述市售的自黏矽膠泡綿敷料貼片及上述市售的聚氨酯敷料貼片的吸水能力(以乾燥敷料的質量為100%計算所能吸收之生理食鹽水最大質量比例)，測試結果分別如下表1所示。
[ 皮膚浸潤程度 測試]
分別將本發明實施例的聚氨酯泡綿敷料及傷口敷料產品(聚氨酯泡綿敷料朝向皮膚)、上述市售的自黏矽膠泡綿敷料貼片及上述市售的聚氨酯敷料貼片貼附於手臂皮膚表面24 h，移除後觀察皮膚浸潤程度(以敷料貼附面積為100%計算皮膚產生浸潤變白的面積比例)，測試結果分別如下表1所示。 【表1】
水氣穿透率 (g/m 2·24 h) 吸水能力 皮膚浸潤程度
聚氨酯泡綿敷料 3500 1200% 0%
傷口敷料產品 1500 1200% 0%
市售的自黏矽膠泡綿敷料貼片 100 600% ＞90%
市售的聚氨酯敷料貼片 800 1000% ＞30%
由表1可以看出，相較於市售的敷料貼片，本發明實施例的聚氨酯泡綿敷料及傷口敷料產品兼具良好的透氣性、適當的保溼性及良好的吸水能力，既可維持乾燥傷口床適度的水分平衡，還能有效吸收過溼傷口的滲液以避免傷口浸潤，也不會使(傷口周圍的)正常皮膚產生浸潤，顯示其具有優良的對於傷口及正常皮膚的水分調節能力。
[ 傷口癒合功效測試 ]
A. 實驗動物：
下面實驗中所使用的S.D.大鼠是雌性Sprague-Dawley (S.D.)大鼠(5~12週大，體重＞120 g，未懷孕過)。所有的實驗動物被飼養於一個室溫維持在22±3℃以及相對濕度維持在30%~70%的獨立空調的動物房內，水分與飼料被充分地供給且自由取用。在實驗之前，動物需經過檢疫、馴化及染劑標示，並經合格人員挑選出健康的個體，且被隨機分成實驗組、對照組1及對照組2。
B. 敷料的滅菌 (sterilization) ：
將在上面實施例中所得到的傷口敷料產品(3 cm × 3 cm，厚度為3.55 mm)、上述市售的自黏矽膠泡綿敷料貼片及上述市售的聚氨酯敷料貼片以γ射線(劑量為35 kGy)予以滅菌，繼而將之拿來進行下面的實驗。
C. 皮膚傷口 (skin wound) 的形成：
將S.D.大鼠的背側部分(dorsal part)進行剃毛(shaving)，然後以75%酒精予以消毒(disinfected)。之後，以異氟醚(isoflurane)進行麻醉後，使用無菌手術剪及刀片於S.D.大鼠的背部切出一個具有約為2 cm × 2 cm的面積大小的皮膚傷口。
D. 敷料的施用：
對於實驗組、對照組1及對照組2的S.D.大鼠(n=12)的皮膚傷口分別施用以依據上面第B項所製得之經滅菌的傷口敷料產品及兩種市售的敷料貼片，並以透氣彈性繃帶固定敷料。實驗被進行總共歷時7天，在施用敷料之後的第1、4及7天之時，分別對於各組別的其中3隻S.D.大鼠的皮膚傷口進行拍照，並對於各組別的其他S.D.大鼠的皮膚傷口更換新的敷料，以ImageJ軟體計算傷口面積，平均結果分別如下表2所示。 【表2】
  實驗組 對照組1 對照組2
傷口敷料產品 市售的自黏矽膠泡綿敷料貼片 市售的聚氨酯敷料貼片
施用敷料後第1天 的傷口面積(cm 2) 2.89±0.13 3.61±0.24 3.24±0.23
施用敷料後第4天 的傷口面積(cm 2) 1.06±0.16 2.53±0.21 2.05±0.31
施用敷料後第7天 的傷口面積(cm 2) 0.09±0.02 0.64±0.03 0.35±0.09
由表2可以看出，在施用敷料後第7天，施用本發明實施例的傷口敷料產品的S.D.大鼠的皮膚傷口的面積有明顯縮小，而分別施用兩種市售敷料貼片的S.D.大鼠的皮膚傷口的面積縮小速度則明顯較緩慢，顯示本發明實施例的傷口敷料產品對於傷口癒合具有較市售敷料貼片更為顯著的幫助。
綜上所述，本發明聚氨酯泡綿敷料是使該疏水性多元醇與該親水性二異氰酸酯反應並經封端、強化及發泡而得，本發明包含該聚氨酯泡綿敷料的傷口敷料產品兼具良好的透氣性、適當的保溼性及良好的吸水能力，也不會使(傷口周圍的)正常皮膚產生浸潤，顯示其具有優良的對於傷口及正常皮膚的水分調節能力，並有助於傷口癒合，故確實能達成本發明之目的。
惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。

Claims (9)

  1. 一種聚氨酯泡綿敷料，是由以下步驟所製得：(a)提供一具有六個羥基的疏水性多元醇，該疏水性多元醇是由以下子步驟所製得：(a1)使一分枝的三元醇與一第一二異氰酸酯反應，以得到一三異氰酸酯中間物，該分枝的三元醇是選自於1,1,1-三羥甲基丙烷、三乙醇胺、甘油、1,2,6-己三醇、1,2,4-丁三醇、聚氧乙基甘油醚或其組合，及(a2)使該三異氰酸酯中間物與一疏水性聚醚三元醇反應，該疏水性聚醚三元醇是選自於聚丙二醇三元醇、聚四亞甲基醚二醇三元醇或其組合；(b)提供一親水性二異氰酸酯，該親水性二異氰酸酯是由一第二二異氰酸酯與聚乙二醇反應而得，該第一二異氰酸酯及該第二二異氰酸酯是獨立地選自於六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、亞甲基二環己基二異氰酸酯、異佛酮二異氰酸酯或其組合；(c)使該疏水性多元醇與該親水性二異氰酸酯反應，以得到一含有3~6個異氰酸酯基團的預聚物；及(d)混合該預聚物與聚乙二醇、一發泡劑、一封端劑、一強化劑及一催化劑，以形成該聚氨酯泡綿敷料。
  2. 如請求項1所述的聚氨酯泡綿敷料，其中，該步驟(d)中的聚乙二醇的重量平均分子量範圍為400~2,000g/mol。
  3. 如請求項1所述的聚氨酯泡綿敷料，其中，該發泡劑是選自於水或碳酸氫鈉。
  4. 如請求項1所述的聚氨酯泡綿敷料，其中，該封端劑是一矽烷化合物。
  5. 如請求項4所述的聚氨酯泡綿敷料，其中，該矽烷化合物是一胺基矽烷類化合物。
  6. 如請求項1所述的聚氨酯泡綿敷料，其中，該強化劑是聚矽氧。
  7. 一種傷口敷料產品，包含一防水透氣膜、一如請求項1所述的聚氨酯泡綿敷料及一黏著層，該防水透氣膜是藉由該黏著層黏著在該聚氨酯泡綿敷料上。
  8. 如請求項7所述的傷口敷料產品，其中，該防水透氣膜是由聚氨酯所製得，且該黏著層是一層聚氨酯黏著劑。
  9. 如請求項7所述的傷口敷料產品，其厚度範圍為1~5mm。
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