TWI705095B - 基於水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液之冷密封黏著劑 - Google Patents

基於水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液之冷密封黏著劑 Download PDF

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TWI705095B
TWI705095B TW105129036A TW105129036A TWI705095B TW I705095 B TWI705095 B TW I705095B TW 105129036 A TW105129036 A TW 105129036A TW 105129036 A TW105129036 A TW 105129036A TW I705095 B TWI705095 B TW I705095B
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prepolymer
mixture
dispersion
weight
polyol
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立剛 趙
戈爾馬茲 內利妲 吉米諾
布利恩斯 奧羅拉 派瑞茲
布萊恩 史蒂芬生
海克 艾斯費爾德
莎拉 瓦格諾
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德商漢高股份有限及兩合公司
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Abstract

本發明係關於在無觸媒或有機觸媒加載率極低下製得之水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液,其可用作冷可密封黏著劑,不含表面活性劑及溶劑且具有低VOC排放,環保,及提供可用於化妝品、藥品及食品包裝應用之均質且抗老化之黏著劑。亦包涵其製造方法、包含其之組合物及其作為黏著劑之用途。

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基於水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液之冷密封黏著劑
本發明係關於在無觸媒或有機觸媒加載率極低下製得之水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液,其可用作可冷密封黏著劑,不含表面活性劑及溶劑且具有低VOC排放,環保,及提供可用於化妝品、藥品及食品包裝應用之均質且抗老化之黏著劑。亦涵蓋其製造方法、包含其之組合物及其作為黏著劑之用途。
可冷密封黏著劑係一種特殊類型的黏著劑,將其塗佈至基板上後形成當在室溫下施加壓力時強力結合至自身之層。用於冷密封應用之大多數黏著劑組合物係基於摻有天然橡膠乳膠之聚合物分散液。然而,天然乳膠分散液易發生細菌降解及氧化且因此具有關於存放期、臭味形成及黃化之缺點。此外,其等係過敏反應之潛在原因。雖然存在替代品,諸如合成橡膠或聚異戊二烯,但此等不具有天然橡膠之性能,因為其顯示自身可密封性降低及密封強度較低。其他替代品諸如聚氯丁二烯顯示與天然橡膠相似的性能,但其主鏈中氯的存在使其對於食品及醫療應用為非所需。此外,其等亦顯示變色(黃化)及臭味形成。 聚胺甲酸酯水基分散液係創新性材料,其正越來越多用作天然及合成橡膠之替代物以製備冷密封黏著劑。然而,已知的PU分散液具有缺點,因為其包含有機溶劑、基於金屬之觸媒(特定言之有機金屬觸媒)及製備其所需要的揮發性有機化合物(VOC),使得其根據現有規則諸如FDA規則(FDA 175.105)而不適合用於食品、化妝品及醫藥包裝應用。其他已知的PU分散液易水解且因此顯示由於存在酯鍵所致之低的耐水性,包含芳族殘基而使得其在暴露於UV光後易降解及變色或顯示低劣黏著性質。 因此相關技術中需要可克服已知體系的主要缺點及可替代天然橡膠乳膠用於冷密封黏著劑中之聚胺甲酸酯分散液。
本文所述之本發明係解決一些已知的問題,允許製造水基聚胺甲酸酯分散液,由於其具有相似的機械及黏著性能故適用作天然橡膠乳膠之替代物且同時由於其具有低臭味、優異透明度且不顯示變色故克服天然橡膠之主要缺點及由於其可在不存在觸媒下或使用極低的有機觸媒加載率(低於5 ppm)進行製備故克服現有PU分散液之主要缺點,為純脂族而防止黃化及為基於聚醚以提高水穩定性。在最終的分散液中,不存在有機溶劑、VOC或無機填充劑。本發明大體上亦關於一種不使用任何表面活性劑,藉由施加剪切力來製造聚胺甲酸酯顆粒在水中之分散液之方法。為獲得穩定分散液,將陰離子穩定劑併入聚胺甲酸酯鏈中,而不影響最終產物之耐水性。 在第一態樣中,本發明因此係關於一種用於製造水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液(PUD)之方法,該方法包括: (1)自包含以下或由以下組成之反應混合物形成NCO封端之聚胺甲酸酯預聚物: (a)至少一種具有在400至10000 g/mol,較佳500 g/mol至3000 g/mol範圍內之數量平均分子量Mn 之聚醚多元醇,其中該至少一種聚醚多元醇較佳為脂族聚醚多元醇; (b)至少一種陰離子穩定劑,其中該至少一種陰離子穩定劑包含至少兩個羥基及至少一個帶負電官能基,較佳羧基或磺酸基;及 (c)至少一個脂族聚異氰酸酯,較佳至少一種脂族二-及/或三異氰酸酯,其中該至少一種聚異氰酸酯係以相對該反應混合物之其他組分之羥基莫耳過量使用以得到NCO封端之聚胺甲酸酯預聚物; 其中形成NCO封端之聚胺甲酸酯預聚物係在不存在含錫觸媒,較佳在不存在金屬觸媒下進行; (2)在施加剪切力下,較佳藉由機械攪拌將該預聚物分散至連續水相中,以得到乳液;及 (3)使該預聚物與至少一種鏈延長劑反應以得到水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液。 在另一態樣中,本發明係關於可依本文所述方法獲得之水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液。 本發明之其他態樣係關於包含本文所揭示之水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液之黏著劑組合物及水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液於黏著劑中之用途。
「至少一種」如本文所使用意指一或多種,亦即,1種、2種、3種、4種、5種、6種、7種、8種、9種或更多種。「至少一種」如本文中涉及任何組分所用意指化學不同分子的數量,亦即,意指不同類型之所引用物質的數量,而非意指總分子數。例如,「至少一種多元醇」意指使用至少一種類型之落在多元醇定義中之分子,但亦可存在兩種或更多種落在該定義中之不同分子類型,然並非意指僅存在該多元醇之一種分子。 若本文中提及分子量,若未另外明確說明,則該引用係指數量平均分子量Mn 。數量平均分子量Mn 可基於端基分析(依DIN 53240之OH數)計算得或可藉由凝膠滲透層析依DIN 55672-1:2007-08以THF作為洗脫劑測定。若未另作外說明,則所有給定的分子量為彼等藉由端基分析所測定者。重量平均分子量Mw 可藉由GPC如針對Mn 所述測定。 若未另作明確說明,則本文中給出的所有涉及組合物或調配物之百分比係關於相對各別組成或配方之總重量之重量%。 該至少一種多元醇(a)較佳為非官能化多元醇,亦即,不包含除了羥基之外的官能基。具體而言,其不包含鹵基。在各種實施例中,其亦不包含乙烯基。多元醇(a)為聚醚多元醇,較佳係脂族聚醚多元醇,更佳係脂族聚醚二醇。 聚醚多元醇可為聚伸烷二醇均聚物或共聚物,較佳聚丙二醇均聚物或共聚物、聚乙二醇均聚物或共聚物、聚四亞甲基二醇均聚物或共聚物或聚丙二醇/聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物。在各種實施例中,聚醚多元醇具有400至10000,較佳400至4000,更佳500至3000 g/mol之數量平均分子量Mn 。 在各種實施例中,多元醇(a)不包括聚酯多元醇或芳族多元醇。 該反應混合物進一步包含至少一種陰離子穩定劑,其中該至少一種陰離子穩定劑包含至少兩個羥基及至少一個帶負電官能基,較佳羧基或磺酸基。 術語「穩定劑」如本文在陰離子穩定劑內文中所使用係關於一類可使液滴穩定於分散液或乳液中(亦即,防止凝結或聚結)之分子。在各種實施例中,穩定劑分子包含親水性及疏水性部分,其中疏水性部分與液滴相互作用及親水性部分被暴露於溶劑。雖然常用的穩定劑為表面活性劑且可具有電荷,例如,可為陰離子表面活性劑或陽離子表面活性劑,或可替代性地為非離子,但本發明避免使用表面活性劑,而是使用在(預)聚合物形成期間建構至聚胺甲酸酯聚合物中之穩定劑化合物,其提供在水中無需外部乳化劑幫助即可自發地形成穩定分散液並展現提高的穩定性之可自乳化聚胺甲酸酯。 本文所使用之穩定劑包含陰離子基團。此等帶電基團之存在使得經分散聚合物液滴或顆粒之穩定性增強。適宜的陰離子基團包括(但不限於)酸性基團,諸如羧酸或磺酸基團及其各自的鹽。在本發明意義上適用為陰離子穩定劑之混凝土化合物為2,2-雙(羥烷基)烷烴單羧酸,特定言之具有5至8個總碳原子數之2,2-雙(羥甲基)烷烴單羧酸,諸如2,2-雙(羥甲基)丙酸(二羥甲基丙酸;DMPA)。亦適宜者為具有在至多1000 g/mol,較佳至多500 g/mol範圍內之分子量Mw 之磺化聚二醇。此等磺化聚二醇例如具有約430 g/mol分子量Mw 之丙氧基化1-甲基-2-羥甲基-3-羥基-1-丙磺酸酯可以名稱GS-7Q(Yedang G & Co. Ltd)購得。 在各種實施例中,將上述陰離子穩定劑與可充作穩定劑,特定言之非離子穩定劑之其他化合物組合。在各種實施例中,此等非離子穩定劑包括多元醇(較佳係二醇)或不同多元醇及/或二醇(包括單體二醇及已於上文結合多元醇(a)描述之特定聚醚多元醇)之混合物。此等非離子穩定劑具有介於6與19之間之HLB(親水親油平衡)值。藉由計算分子親水性部分之分子量及以該分子親水性部分之該分子量除以該分子之總分子量且接著以得到的百分比除以5計算得HLB值。用於水包油乳液之典型非離子穩定劑具有8至18之HLB值。較佳的單體二醇為二醇類,諸如乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、新戊二醇及類似物及其(呈聚醚多元醇)聚合物,諸如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇及聚丁二醇、以及乙二醇、丙二醇及丁二醇之共聚物(較佳乙二醇及丙二醇之共聚物)。此等聚合穩定劑之平均分子量Mw 較佳在至多約4000 g/mol,較佳至多約3000 g/mol,更佳至多約2000 g/mol之範圍內。適宜的非離子乙二醇/丙二醇穩定劑為(例如)彼等可以商標名Pluronic®自BASF購得者,例如Pluronic PE3500。 在本發明之較佳實施例中,將該至少一種陰離子穩定劑諸如DMPA及/或磺化聚二醇與如上所定義的非離子多元醇穩定劑(較佳係二醇穩定劑)組合。在一個具體實施例中,該混合物包含至少一種具有至多3000 g/mol之分子量Mw 之乙二醇/丙二醇共聚物及至少一種陰離子二醇穩定劑(較佳係DMPA或磺化聚二醇或二者)。 在此等混合物中,非離子穩定劑與陰離子穩定劑之重量比通常在約0:1至約20:1,較佳約2:1至1:3範圍內。 術語「反應混合物」如本文所使用係關於多元醇之混合物,包括穩定劑及聚異氰酸酯。「多元醇混合物」如本文所使用係關於至少一種多元醇(a)、至少一種穩定劑及可選之可存在之任何額外的多元醇。 該多元醇混合物較佳不包含任何有機溶劑或表面活性劑且無其他添加劑,亦即,係由多元醇(較佳係彼等上文所定義者)及穩定劑組成。 在各種實施例中,該多元醇混合物包含相對於該多元醇混合物重量計約20至約99重量%,較佳30至85重量%之至少一種多元醇(a),較佳係不同聚醚多元醇之混合物。該至少一種多元醇(a)可包含如上所定義之非離子穩定劑多元醇。 陰離子穩定劑通常係以相對於反應混合物重量計約0.1至20重量%,較佳2至10重量%,更佳2至6重量%的量包含在內。若使用穩定化合物之混合物,則如上所定義之陰離子穩定劑可以相對於反應混合物計1至15重量%的量及非離子穩定劑可以相對於反應混合物計1至30重量%的量使用。在各種實施例中,如上所定義之陰離子穩定劑可以相對於反應混合物計2至6重量%,較佳2至4.5重量%的量使用及非離子穩定劑可以相對於反應混合物計2至4重量%,較佳2至3重量%的量使用。 用於形成聚胺甲酸酯預聚物之最終反應物為脂族聚異氰酸酯。包含至少兩個異氰酸酯基之任何脂族化合物係在本發明之預期內。然而,聚異氰酸酯較佳為二異氰酸酯。併入少量官能度大於2之異氰酸酯,特定言之三異氰酸酯亦預期在內及可在特定情況下甚至係有利的。此等聚異氰酸酯可充作交聯劑。在此種聚異氰酸酯充作交聯劑之情況中,基於六亞甲基二異氰酸酯之聚異氰酸酯為較佳。適宜的二異氰酸酯包括(但不限於)六亞甲基二異氰酸酯(HDI)、異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(IPDI)、亞甲基-4,4-雙(環己基)二異氰酸酯(H12MDI)及其混合物。其中特別佳的脂族二異氰酸酯為異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯及其混合物。以IPDI特別佳,因為其已獲FDA批准。適宜的聚異氰酸酯例如可以商標名Desmodur®自Bayer AG(DE)購得。 聚異氰酸酯係以相對於存於反應混合物中之所有多元醇之OH基莫耳過量,亦即,以超過與羥基完全反應所需要的化學計量濃度的濃度進行使用,OH/NCO當量比較佳係1:1.1至1:4,更佳係1:1.1至1:1.3,最佳係1:1.2至1:1.3。較佳地,聚異氰酸酯的量超出與羥基完全反應所需要的化學計量濃度20%至150%。反應混合物中至少一種聚異氰酸酯的量通常在相對於反應混合物計10至30重量%之範圍內。反應混合物之其餘部分可由如上所定義之多元醇混合物組成。 在各種實施例中,反應混合物基本上不含表面活性劑及/或聚酯多元醇及/或芳族有機化合物。 假如多元醇混合物可包括將多元醇(a)與穩定劑混合並加熱該混合物之步驟。若使用的多元醇在室溫下為固體且需要熔化以形成多元醇混合物,則可需要加熱。在較佳的實施例中,將多元醇及至少一種穩定劑組合並加熱至約70℃至95℃,例如,約75℃,同時在真空下攪拌該混合物以進行乾燥。混合後,為了添加異氰酸酯,而可將該混合物冷卻至60℃。 「約」如本文所使用係指其所指數值之±10%,較佳±5%。「約70℃」因此係指70±7℃,較佳70±3.5℃。 隨後將多元醇混合物與反應混合物中至少一種聚異氰酸酯組合以形成預聚物。預聚物反應通常在高溫下,較佳在介於約55℃與約105℃之間的範圍內,更佳約60至95℃,最佳約85至95℃下,歷時介於約1小時與約24小時之間,較佳約1至約4小時,更佳約3小時之時間發生。與所確立的方案相反,該反應係在不存在錫基觸媒下,較佳不存在金屬觸媒下進行或係於存在極少量有機觸媒,諸如胺觸媒,例如DABCO(三乙胺或1,4-二氮雜雙環[2.2.2]辛烷)下進行。在本發明之較佳實施例中,反應混合物不包含觸媒,亦即,既不包含金屬觸媒亦不包含有機觸媒。 反應繼續進行直到游離異氰酸酯含量達到或非常接近計算值,此藉由標準滴定利用二丁胺測定。預聚物中游離異氰酸酯含量之較佳值在介於相對於混合物中多元醇(包括穩定劑)及聚異氰酸酯之總量計0.2與3重量%範圍內,較佳係0.2至2重量%,更佳係0.5至1.5重量%。 一旦游離異氰酸酯含量達到如上所定義之預定值,就可降低溫度,例如,降低至約60℃。 在各種實施例中,預聚物具有3000至30000,較佳3000至12000 g/mol,更佳9000至11000 g/mol之數量平均分子量Mn 。 接著將所得到的預聚物溶解於溶劑中。較佳係有機溶劑,特定言之彼等可與水完全混溶者,諸如丙酮。在各種實施例中,此等溶劑(特定言之丙酮)係以相對於預聚物/溶劑混合物計至多70重量%,較佳35至68重量%,更佳介於50與60重量%之間的量使用。較佳在步驟(3)後,例如藉由真空蒸餾移除溶劑。為溶解預聚物,可將該溶液加熱,例如,較佳在攪拌下,加熱至40℃至70℃之溫度,較佳係50℃及60℃。 在各種實施例中,可在該步驟藉由使用適宜的中和試劑中和預聚物。若使用陰離子酸性穩定劑,則可使用胺鹼,諸如2-二甲基胺基乙醇。 接著將經如此形成之預聚物溶液分散至連續水相,較佳水中。該分散步驟可在高溫下,例如在約30至60℃範圍內,例如在約40℃下進行。該分散步驟可包括將聚胺甲酸酯預聚物乳化至連續水相,較佳水中,以較佳在剪切力作用下形成乳液。在各種實施例中,該剪切力係僅藉助於機械攪拌,例如使用機械攪拌器在至多900 rpm,例如200至700 rpm,較佳200至400 rpm下產生。 術語「乳液」如本文所使用係指水包油(O/W)型乳液,亦即,其中水以過量使用並為連續介質之乳液。在所述方法中,得到穩定液滴,其通常具有介於50 nm與500 nm之間,較佳介於100 nm與400 nm之間,更佳介於100 nm與200 nm之間之尺寸,此藉由動態光散射(DLS)依ISO 22412測定。 在步驟(3)之鏈延長期間,使預聚物之異氰酸酯端基與適宜的包含至少兩個末端NCO反應性基團(例如二胺或三胺)之鏈延長劑,諸如肼、烷二胺或環烷二胺或含矽烷二胺或二伸烷三胺,較佳乙二胺、異佛爾酮二胺、二伸乙基三胺、哌嗪或聚醚二胺反應。亦可使用二醇諸如烷基二醇,包括(但不限於)1,4-丁二醇及2-丁基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇、或水、或其混合物。 可進行鏈延長反應直到異氰酸酯基基本上完全轉化,亦即,持續添加鏈延長劑直到偵測不到游離異氰酸酯基。鏈延長反應通常較佳進行直到異氰酸酯基完全轉化。可藉由得到相關技術中完善確立的技術,例如IR光譜學監測轉化。根據本發明有用之較佳鏈延長劑包括乙二胺、異佛爾酮二胺、二伸乙基三胺及/或聚醚二胺。 所形成的水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液較佳具有20至70重量%,較佳30至60重量%,更佳38至48重量%之固體含量(利用自動水分平衡測定)。黏度較佳在50至10000 mPas,較佳100至1000 mPas範圍內,此藉由布魯克菲爾德黏度計(軸4,20 rpm)測定。可藉由添加增稠劑調整黏度以適於所期望應用形式。適宜的黏度調整及增稠劑為相關技術所熟知。藉由動態光散射(DLS)依ISO 22412測定之粒度較佳在50至500 nm,更佳100至300 nm,最佳100至200 nm之範圍內。 本發明亦關於包含水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液之黏著劑組合物。然後,該分散液可用作黏著劑,特定言之冷密封黏著劑用於各種材料,諸如定向聚丙烯(OPP)、經處理之OPP、鋁箔及聚酯上。該等分散液較佳不含有機溶劑、揮發性有機化合物、金屬觸媒、及/或無機填充劑及因此特別適合應用於食品、化妝品及醫藥包裝應用中。本文所揭示的聚胺甲酸酯分散液及黏著劑組合物於冷密封黏著劑應用,特定言之包裝應用中之用途因此亦構成本發明之一部分。 此等黏著劑組合物可包含相關領域中所熟知的其他成分。在各種實施例中,可將本文所述之聚胺甲酸酯分散液與乙基乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、丙烯酸系、苯乙烯丙烯酸系或其他分散液摻合。其他常用的添加劑為抗黏連劑、殺生物劑及消泡劑。在各種實施例中,黏著劑組合物包含相對於組合物總重量計60至80重量%之PU分散液。在較佳實施例中,其等另外包含10至20重量%之另一種分散液,諸如EVA分散液。 如上所述,分散液或包含該分散液之最終組合物較佳均不包含有機溶劑。相應地,如上所述,若已將溶劑用於PU預聚物之分散,則在鏈延長後移除該溶劑,使得在各種實施例中,分散液及/或組合物基本上不含有機溶劑。 在各種實施例中,分散液及最終組合物亦基本上不含無機填充劑、及/或揮發性有機化合物(VOC)、及/或含金屬化合物、及/或芳族化合物。 「基本上不含」如此內文中所使用意指分散液及/或組合物包含小於1重量%,較佳小於0.5重量%,更佳小於0.1重量%,最佳小於0.01重量%之所給定組分。 本文所述之包含分散液之黏著劑顯示良好的黏著強度,同時不含溶劑且因此係環保的。 可藉由所有已知的技術,包括(但不限於)噴灑、塗覆、浸塗、旋塗、印刷及類似將該等黏著劑施覆至基板。 應明瞭,本文中涉及該等方法所揭示的所有實施例可類似地應用於所揭示的分散液、組合物、及用途及反之亦然。 給出以下實例以說明本發明。因為僅出於說明之目的給出該等實例,故不應認為本發明受限於此。實例 實例 1 將Desmophen 2061BD聚丙烯多元醇(22.5 g)、PolyTHF 1000聚醚多元醇(22.5 g)及2,2’-雙(羥基甲基)丙酸(DMPA;1.7 g)陰離子穩定劑置於配備冷凝器及機械攪拌器之500 mL三頸圓底燒瓶中。將混合物加熱至75℃。在此溫度下,固體組分熔化並獲得均質混合物。此刻,施加高真空(<0.1 mbar)同時將溫度設為80℃以移除水。讓該混合物在真空於80℃下攪拌兩小時。 一旦乾燥,就停止真空並用氬氣沖洗該混合物,冷卻至60℃並添加IPDI(異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯,12.5 g)至該混合物。 接著,添加無錫觸媒(DABCO,30 mg新製觸媒/丙酮混合物(1:6))。添加觸媒後,使溫度快速升至75℃。當溫度停止升高時,將加熱設為85℃及一旦達到該溫度,就攪拌其3小時。讓反應混合物在60℃下攪拌過夜並在第二天清晨測量NCO含量:若該值接近或等於理論值(1.67%),則反應視為完成。 接著以35/65重量比添加30 g丙酮(35重量%)以溶解仍舊溫熱(60℃)之預聚物。使該混合物在60℃下充分混合30分鐘。接著逐滴添加1.15 g三乙胺(TEA)以中和DMPA之羧基。 接著,如下進行乳化製程:將全部量的預聚物溶液與溫水混合以得到PU丙酮溶液/水之46/54(以重量計)混合物。藉由以400 rpm機械攪拌20 min來乳化該混合物。 接著,藉由將所得乳液置於具有機械攪拌器之圓底燒瓶中進行鏈延長並添加異佛爾酮二胺(IPDA,0.8 g)及二伸乙基三胺(0.3 g,DETA)。添加總IPDA及DETA的70%直到在IR中未偵測到殘留NCO。 讓所得分散液靜置過夜以冷卻降至室溫。第二天,過濾該分散液,測量粒度並在蒸發丙酮後測量固體含量。 固體含量:40% 粒度(DLS,ISO 22412):171 nm實例 2 將Desmophen 2061BD聚丙烯多元醇(22.5 g)、PolyTHF 1000聚醚多元醇(22.5 g)及2,2’-雙(羥基甲基)丙酸(DMPA;1.7 g)陰離子穩定劑置於配備冷凝器及機械攪拌器之500 mL三頸圓底燒瓶中。將混合物加熱至75℃。在此溫度下,固體組分熔化並獲得均質混合物。此刻,施加高真空(<0.1 mbar)同時將溫度設為80℃以移除水。讓該混合物在真空於80℃下攪拌兩小時。 一旦乾燥,就停止真空並用氬氣沖洗該混合物,冷卻至60℃並添加IPDI(異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯,11.5 g)至該混合物。不使用觸媒以進行該反應。添加異氰酸酯後,使溫度升高少許。當溫度停止升高時,將加熱設為95℃及一旦達到該溫度,就攪拌其3小時。接著,測量NCO含量及若該值接近或等於理論值(0.85%),則反應視為完成。 使溫度降至60℃並以55/45重量比添加70 g丙酮(55重量%)以溶解仍舊溫熱(60℃)之預聚物。使該混合物在60℃下充分混合30分鐘。 接著逐滴添加1.01 g N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMAE)以中和DMPA之羧基。 接著,如下進行乳化製程:將全部量的預聚物溶液與溫水混合以得到PU丙酮溶液/水之46/54(以重量計)混合物。藉由以400 rpm機械攪拌20 min來乳化該混合物。 接著,藉由將所得乳液置於具有機械攪拌器之圓底燒瓶中進行鏈延長並添加異佛爾酮二胺(IPDA,0.68 g)及二伸乙基三胺(0.27 g,DETA)。添加總IPDA及DETA的70%直到在IR中未偵測到殘留NCO。 讓所得分散液靜置過夜以冷卻降至室溫。第二天,過濾該分散液,測量粒度並在蒸發丙酮後測量固體含量。 固體含量:40% 粒度(DLS,ISO 22412):130 nm實例 3 如實例2中但使用不同的鏈延長劑進行預聚物之合成:藉由將該乳液置於具有機械攪拌器之圓底燒瓶中進行鏈延長並添加乙二胺(EDA,0.38 g)。添加總EDA的70%直到在IR中未偵測到殘留NCO。 讓所得分散液靜置過夜以冷卻降至室溫。第二天,過濾該分散液,測量粒度並在蒸發丙酮後測量固體含量。 固體含量:38% 粒度(DLS,ISO 22412):172 nm實例 4 如實例2中但使用不同的鏈延長劑進行預聚物之合成:藉由將該乳液置於具有機械攪拌器之圓底燒瓶中進行鏈延長並添加異佛爾酮二胺(IPDA,1.2 g)。添加總IPDA的70%直到在IR中未偵測到殘留NCO。 讓所得分散液靜置過夜以冷卻降至室溫。第二天,過濾該分散液,測量粒度並在蒸發丙酮後測量固體含量。 固體含量:38% 粒度(DLS,ISO 22412):184 nm實例 5 將Desmophen 2061BD聚丙烯多元醇(22.5 g)、PolyTHF 1000聚醚多元醇(22.5 g)及2,2’-雙(羥基甲基)丙酸(DMPA;1.6 g)陰離子穩定劑置於配備冷凝器及機械攪拌器之500 mL三頸圓底燒瓶中。將混合物加熱至75℃。在此溫度下,固體組分熔化並獲得均質混合物。此刻,施加高真空(< 0.1 mbar)同時將溫度設為80℃以移除水。讓該混合物在真空於80℃下攪拌兩小時。 一旦乾燥,就停止真空並用氬氣沖洗該混合物,冷卻至60℃並添加IPDI(異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯,10.8 g)及三異氰酸酯(1.2 g;Desmodur N3300)至該混合物。不使用觸媒以進行該反應。添加異氰酸酯後,使溫度升高少許。當溫度停止升高時,將加熱設為95℃及一旦達到該溫度,就攪拌其3小時。接著,測定NCO含量及若該值接近或等於理論值(0.84%),則反應視為完成。 使溫度降至60℃並以56/44重量比添加73 g丙酮(56重量%)以溶解仍舊溫熱(60℃)之預聚物。使該混合物在60℃下充分混合30分鐘。 接著逐滴添加0.95 g N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMAE)以中和DMPA之羧基。 接著,如下進行乳化製程:將全部量的預聚物溶液與溫水混合以得到PU丙酮溶液/水之46/54(以重量計) 混合物。藉由以400 rpm機械攪拌20 min來乳化該混合物。 接著,藉由將所得乳液置於具有機械攪拌器之圓底燒瓶中進行鏈延長並添加乙二胺(EDA,0.39 g)。添加總IPDA的70%直到在IR中未偵測到殘留NCO。 讓所得分散液靜置過夜以冷卻降至室溫。第二天,過濾該分散液,測量粒度並在蒸發丙酮後測量固體含量。 固體含量:40% 粒度(DLS,ISO 22412):177 nm實例 6 :用於包裝之冷密封黏著劑 如下製造包含實例1至5中所述之分散液之冷密封黏著劑組合物:將各種製得的聚胺甲酸酯分散液置於混合容器中並使用螺旋槳攪拌器(IKA Works Sdn. Bhd.;350個循環/分鐘)攪拌幾分鐘。接著,添加聚合物分散液(EVA、丙烯酸系、苯乙烯丙烯酸系等)、抗黏連劑及添加劑並均質化。將所獲得的調配物以介於3.1至4.7 g/m2 之間之塗層重量塗佈於不同基板上。 測試方法 -初步黏合(green tack):用手測試初步黏合係一種基於主觀經驗用於個人判斷的預先篩選,以限定具有用於進一步研究之良好操作可能性的樣品。 -黏著測試:用壓敏膠帶密封冷密封表面(25℃,3 bar,0.5 sec)。分離樣品並在密封後立刻置於張力計上。 -密封強度:使用箝夾鉗口(crimp jaws)(RDM測試設備,HSM-4;25℃,3 bar,0.5 sec)密封兩個25 mm冷密封表面。分離樣品並在密封後立刻置於張力計(Zwick張力測試機器)上。應一式三份地檢查密封件。亦可在一組時段後檢查密封件以評估老化密封件性能及儲存效果。 -塗層重量:從冷密封塗層切得測試工件並計算其面積。使用分析天平(Mettler Toledo Classic,AB204-S)稱重該測試工件。自樣品移除冷密封劑後再稱重該樣品並計算塗層重量,至少一式三份。 PU 分散液 使用邁耶(Meyer)棒,將包含實例2至4中所述分散液之冷密封黏著劑組合物以約4 g/m2 之塗層重量塗佈於未處理之共擠出OPP上。所得到的密封強度及黏著結果顯示於表1中。
Figure 105129036-A0304-0001
1 *比較實例:基於合成聚異戊二烯之市售材料。 基於 PUD EVA 之調配物 將實例2及3之聚胺甲酸酯分散液置於混合容器中並使用螺旋槳攪拌器(IKA Works Sdn. Bhd.;350個循環/分鐘)攪拌幾分鐘。接著,添加pH經氨溶液調整之EVA分散液。將PUD/EVA間的比率調整至80/20。最後,添加抗黏連劑及添加劑並均質化(參見表2)。在塗佈機器中將所獲得的調配物以介於3.1至4.7 g/m2 之間的塗層重量塗佈於經處理之共擠出OPP上。 2
Figure 105129036-A0304-0002
關於以4.7 g/m2 之塗層重量施覆於塗佈機器上之純PUD及摻合物的密封強度及黏著之結果列於表3中。 3
Figure 105129036-A0304-0003
*比較實例:基於合成聚異戊二烯之市售材料。   對相同的經塗佈之OPP膜在10噸壓力下於25℃,50%RH下進行黏連測試24小時(Specac),針對未處理之BOPP離型膜之結果列於表4中。 4
Figure 105129036-A0304-0004
*比較實例:基於合成聚異戊二烯之市售材料。   未處理之BOPP離型膜之典型實例為NND(購自Treofan)及BRT(購自Tagleef)。 將實例3之聚胺甲酸酯分散液置於混合容器中並使用螺旋槳攪拌器(IKA Works Sdn. Bhd.;350個循環/分鐘)攪拌幾分鐘。接著,添加pH經氨溶液調整之EVA分散液。將PUD/EVA比率調整至不同比例(80/20、70/30及60/40)。最後,添加抗黏連劑及添加劑並均質化(參見表5)。 5
Figure 105129036-A0304-0005
使用邁耶棒塗佈所獲得的調配物並以塗層重量3.6 g/m2 於不同基板:白色空穴化共擠出膜(MW247)及經丙烯酸系塗佈之膜(MW647)上進行測試及關於摻合物之該等基板上的密封強度及黏著之結果列於表6及表7中。 6
Figure 105129036-A0304-0006
7
Figure 105129036-A0304-0007
基於 PUD 及其他聚合物之調配物 將實例3之聚胺甲酸酯分散液置於混合容器中並使用螺旋槳攪拌器(IKA Works Sdn. Bhd.;350個循環/分鐘)攪拌幾分鐘。接著,添加不同的pH經氨溶液調整之聚合物分散液。該等聚合物分散液係基於乙基乙酸乙烯酯(EVA,典型實例EP400)、丙烯酸系(A,典型實例Plextol R1A,Tg範圍-5℃至+30℃)及苯乙烯丙烯酸系(SA,典型實例Vinacryl 7190,Tg範圍-5℃至+30℃)分散液。此兩種分散液間的比率顯示於表8中。最後,添加抗黏連劑及添加劑並均質化。在塗佈機器中將所獲得的調配物以介於3.1至4.7 g/m2 之間的塗層重量塗佈於經處理之共擠出OPP上。 8
Figure 105129036-A0304-0008
測試經塗佈棒以3.8 g/m2 之塗層重量塗佈之經處理之MW 647及經處理之MW 247上之密封強度及黏著性質及結果分別被收集於以下表9及表10中。 9( 經處理之 MW647 )
Figure 105129036-A0304-0009
*比較實例:基於合成聚異戊二烯之市售材料。 10( 在經處理之 MW247 )
Figure 105129036-A0304-0010
*比較實例:基於合成聚異戊二烯之市售材料。   就以3.6 g/m2 塗層重量而言,抗不同膜之黏連性質(N/25 mm)顯示於表11中。 11
Figure 105129036-A0304-0011
*比較實例:基於合成聚異戊二烯之市售材料。   未處理之BOPP離型膜之典型實例為NND(購自Treofan)及BRT(購自Tagleef)。 離型漆之典型實例為Loctite Liofol OP 9321。實例 7 :用於織物及紙之冷密封黏著劑 將包含實例2及3中所述分散液之冷密封黏著劑組合物以介於5至10 g/m2 之間之塗層重量塗佈於紙上並用手檢查黏性、可密封性及結合。測試方法與針對以上實例6所述相同。結果概述於表12中。 12
Figure 105129036-A0304-0012
*比較實例:基於合成異戊二烯之市售材料

Claims (14)

  1. 一種用於製造水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液之方法,該方法包括:(1)自以下所構成之反應混合物形成NCO封端之聚胺甲酸酯預聚物:(a)至少一種具有在400至10000g/mol範圍內之數量平均分子量Mn之聚醚多元醇,其中該至少一種聚醚多元醇為脂族聚醚多元醇;(b)至少一種陰離子穩定劑,其中該至少一種陰離子穩定劑包含至少兩個羥基及至少一個帶負電官能基;及(c)至少一個脂族聚異氰酸酯,其中該至少一種聚異氰酸酯係以相對於該反應混合物之其他組分之羥基莫耳過量使用以得到NCO封端之聚胺甲酸酯預聚物;其中形成該NCO封端之聚胺甲酸酯預聚物係在不存在含錫觸媒下進行;(2)在施加剪切力下,將該預聚物分散至連續水相中,以得到乳液;及(3)使該預聚物與至少一種鏈延長劑反應以得到水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液,其中該方法進一步包括將有機溶劑添加至在步驟(1)中得到的該預聚物且將該預聚物/溶劑混合物分散至連續水相中並在步驟(3)之後移除溶劑。
  2. 如請求項1之方法,其中步驟(1)係在不存在觸媒下進行。
  3. 如請求項1或2之方法,其中該至少一種聚醚多元醇為聚伸烷二醇均聚物或共聚物。
  4. 如請求項1之方法,其中(1)該溶劑為丙酮;及/或(2)該溶劑係以相對於該預聚物/溶劑混合物之總重量至多70重量%的量使用。
  5. 如請求項1或2之方法,其中該反應混合物基本上不含以下物質:(1)表面活性劑;及/或(2)聚酯多元醇;及/或(3)芳族有機化合物。
  6. 如請求項1或2之方法,其中該至少一種陰離子穩定劑包括磺化聚二醇及/或2,2-雙(羥甲基)丙酸(DMPA)。
  7. 如請求項1或2之方法,其中(1)該至少一種聚異氰酸酯係以相對於已合併的多元醇之羥基莫耳過量使用,OH/NCO當量比為1:1.1至1:4,及/或(2)該至少一種脂族聚異氰酸酯為至少一種二異氰酸酯或三異氰酸酯或其混合物。
  8. 如請求項1或2之方法,其中該鏈延長劑包含至少兩個NCO反應性基團,且係視需要以確保異氰酸酯基基本上全部轉化的量使用。
  9. 一種可依如請求項1至8中任一項之方法得到之水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液。
  10. 一種黏著劑組合物,其包含如請求項9之水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液。
  11. 如請求項10之黏著劑組合物,其進一步包含乙基乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、丙烯酸系或苯乙烯丙烯酸系分散液。
  12. 如請求項10或11之黏著劑組合物,其中該黏著劑組合物基本上不含以下物質:(1)無機填充劑;及/或(2)有機溶劑;及/或(3)揮發性有機化合物(VOC);及/或(4)含金屬化合物;及/或(5)芳族化合物。
  13. 一種如請求項9之水性聚胺甲酸酯分散液於黏著劑組合物中之用途。
  14. 如請求項10至12中任一項之黏著劑組合物,其中該黏著劑為冷密封黏著劑。
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