TWI685534B - 苯并化物及含彼之組合物 - Google Patents
苯并化物及含彼之組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI685534B TWI685534B TW104144067A TW104144067A TWI685534B TW I685534 B TWI685534 B TW I685534B TW 104144067 A TW104144067 A TW 104144067A TW 104144067 A TW104144067 A TW 104144067A TW I685534 B TWI685534 B TW I685534B
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- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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Abstract
Description
本申請案主張於2014年12月29日提出申請之美國臨時專利申請案第62/097280號之權益,該申請案之揭示內容之全文皆以引用方式併入本文中。
苯并化物與其他熱固性樹脂相比提供多個優點,包括相對較長之儲放壽命、分子設計靈活性、低成本、高玻璃轉換溫度(Tg)、高模數、相對較低之黏度、良好的阻燃特性(歸因於高酚及三級胺含量)、低吸濕性、在固化期間無副產物釋放及固化後之極低收縮率。此外,苯并化物在加熱時能夠自固化;即無需額外固化劑。此特性組合意味著苯并化物可能對航太應用中之使用具有吸引力。具體而言,其可用作複合材料中之熱固性基質。然而,目前可獲得之多官能苯并化物在室溫下係玻璃狀固體,此使其難以使用標準技術(例如預浸)來處理以製造纖維強化樹脂複合物,例如用於航太應用之彼等。
「預浸」係指用樹脂基質浸漬單向對準之強化纖維或織造織物以形成呈帶或片形式之預浸體之製程。然後將該等預浸體在工具上以具體定向鋪疊於彼此之上以形成壓層。然後使預浸體積層經受升高的溫度及壓力以固化並壓實複合部件。壓力施加之方法取決於該部件及組態,但對高性能結構部件而言最常使用高壓釜。
樹脂灌注方式與習用預浸方式之不同之處在於,乾燥結構強化纖維置於模穴或其他成型工具中,且基質樹脂注射或灌注於結構強化纖維中。樹脂灌注涵蓋諸如以下等處理技術:樹脂轉移模製(RTM)、液態樹脂灌注(LRI)、撓性上模具樹脂灌注(Resin Infusion under Flexible Tooling,RIFT)、真空輔助樹脂轉移模製(VARTM)、樹脂膜灌注(RFI)及諸如此類。該等習用技術需要樹脂具有相對較低之黏度及在加工溫度下熱穩定。
基於多官能苯并化物之純苯并化物樹脂在室溫(20℃-30℃)下極像玻璃,此意味著其亦具有極差的可加工特性。液態單官能苯并化物可使未固化樹脂Tg降低至室溫(20℃-30℃)或更低,從而允許藉由習用預浸製程來增強可加工性。一些液態單官能苯并化物在市面上有售,例如Huntsman之RDB 2009-008,但其因其在通常用於製造航太複合結構之固化週期中之溫度(180℃或更高)下不穩定而在應用中受限。基於環氧化物-苯并化物摻合物之若干苯并 化物雜合調配物在市面上有售(Henkel Loctite BZ 9703、BZ 9704、BZ 9705.2),但添加環氧化物作為共反應物會抵消純苯并化物所帶來之一些益處,例如模數及固化乾-濕Tg差。
基於多官能苯并化物之純苯并化物樹脂在其熔融狀態下極具黏性,此意味著其亦具有極差的樹脂灌注可加工特性。液態單官能苯并化物可減小典型灌注溫度下之黏度,從而可增強可加工
性。一些液態單官能苯并化物在市面上有售,例如Huntsman之RDB 2009-008,但其因其在通常用於製造航太複合結構之固化週期中之溫度(180℃或更高)下極不穩定、可能導致孔隙問題而在應用中受限。基於環氧化物-苯并化物摻合物之若干苯并化物雜合調配物在市面上有售(Henkel Loctite BZ 9110、BZ 9120、BZ 9130),但添加環氧化物作為共反應物會抵消純苯并化物所帶來之一些益處,例如模數及固化乾-濕Tg差。
為解決與苯并化物樹脂之可加工性相關之問題,本文揭示基於苯并化物之組合物,其含有一或多種官能度為2或更大之多官能苯并化物及液態非鹵化單官能苯并化物之摻合物。苯并化物之摻合物佔可固化組合物之80重量%以上。根據一個實施例,基於苯并化物之組合物可經調配以具有15℃至22℃之未固化Tg、在約30℃下低於2Pa‧s之黏度且在180℃-250℃範圍內之高溫下穩定。在另一實施例中,組合物經調配以具有20℃至30℃之未固化Tg,用於自其製造預浸體之目的。如本文所論述之未固化Tg係藉由差示掃描量熱法(DSC)來量測。在另一實施例中,組合物經調配以在用於樹脂灌注之注射溫度下,例如介於約100℃至約150℃範圍內具有小於5Pa‧s之黏度。
如本文所用之「單官能苯并化物」係指不具一個以上苯并化物單元之化合物或實質上為一元酚及單官能胺之反應產物之化合物,且「多官能苯并化物」係指具有一個以上苯并化物單元之化合物。本文所提及之苯并化物單元包括與苯環側接之環。
結構式1之非鹵化單官能苯并化合物在20℃-30℃之間、尤其20℃-25℃之間之溫度下呈液體形式且在約30℃下具有5Pa‧s之黏度。其在其液體狀態下保持較長時間段,至少4年。此外,其在180℃-250℃範圍內之溫度下熱穩定。「熱穩定」意指苯并化物在高達250℃之溫度範圍內固化期間或之後不會分解,即不釋放揮發性物質,且顯示在此溫度範圍下小於15%之重量損失,如藉由熱重分析(TGA)所測定。圖1顯示結構式1-10之單官能苯并化合物之TGA分析以供比較。
間甲酚、多聚甲醛及芳香族胺之化學計量為1:2:1莫耳比。
本發明之液態單官能苯并化物可與二官能及/或三官能苯并化物摻和以改良通常在室溫下為固體之該等多官能苯并化物之可加工性。液態單官能苯并化物之存在藉由降低未固化組合物之黏度及降低未固化組合物之Tg來改良基於苯并化物的樹脂組合物之可加工性,從而使其藉由降低未固化Tg適用於強化纖維之樹脂膜浸漬以形成預浸體及/或例如經由RTM藉由降低黏度適用於乾燥纖維狀預成型體之液態樹脂灌注。
其中Z1選自直接鍵、-C(R3)(R4)-、-C(R3)(芳基)-、-C(O)-、-S-、-O-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、二價雜環及-[C(R3)(R4)]x-伸芳基-[C(R5)(R6)]y-,或
可稠合苯并部分基團之兩個苄基環;且R1及R2獨立地選自烷基(較佳C1-8烷基)、環烷基(較佳C5-7環烷基,較佳C6環烷基)及芳基,其中環烷基及芳基視情況經例如C1-8烷基、鹵素及胺基、且較佳經C1-8烷基取代,且倘若經取代,則一或多個取代基(較佳一個取代基)可存在於每一環烷基及芳基上;在一個實施例中,Z1選自直接鍵、-C(R3)(R4)-、-C(R3)(芳基)-、-C(O)-、-S-、-O-、二價雜環及-[C(R3)(R4)]x-伸芳基-[C(R5)(R6)]y-,或可稠合苯并部分基團之兩個苄基環;R3、R4、R5及R6獨立地選自H、C1-8烷基(較佳C1-4烷基,且較佳甲基)及鹵化烷基(其中鹵素通常係氯或氟(較佳氟),且其中鹵化烷基較佳係CF3);且x及y獨立地係0或1;倘若Z1選自二價雜環,則其較佳係3,3-異苯并呋喃-1(3h)-酮,即其中式(I)化合物源自酚酞;倘若Z1選自-[C(R3)(R4)]x-伸芳基-[C(R5)(R6)]y-,則連接兩個苯并化物基團之鏈可進一步包含一或多個伸芳基及/或一或多個-C(R7)(R8)-基團,其中R7及R8獨立地選自上文針對R3所定義之基團。
在較佳實施例中,伸芳基係伸苯基。在一個實施例中,附接至伸苯基之基團可相對於彼此呈對位或間位組態。在較佳實施例中,芳基係苯基。
基團Z1可為直鏈或非直鏈,且通常為直鏈。基團Z1較佳鍵結至每一苯并部分基團上相對於苯并部分基團之氧原子之對位處的苄基,如式(I)中所顯示,且此係較佳異構組態。然而,基團Z1亦可附接至雙-苯并化合物之一或兩個苄基之間位或鄰位。因此,基團Z1可依對/對、對/間、對/鄰、間/間或鄰/間組態附接至苄基環。在一個實施例中,二官能苯并化物樹脂組份包含異構物之混合物,較
佳地其中混合物之主要部分係式I中所顯示之對/對異構物,且較佳地此係以佔總異構混合物之至少75mol%、較佳至少90mol%、且較佳至少99mol%存在。
在另一實施例中,二官能苯并化物選自其中R1及R2獨立地選自芳基、較佳苯基之化合物。在一個實施例中,芳基可經取代,較佳地其中取代基選自C1-8烷基,且較佳地其中在至少一個芳基上存在單一取代基。C1-8烷基包括直鏈及具支鏈烷基鏈。較佳地,R1及R2獨立地選自未經取代之芳基,較佳係未經取代之苯基。
其中Z1選自直接鍵、-C(R3)(R4)-、-C(R3)(芳基)-、-C(O)-、-S-、-O-、-S(O)-、-S(O)2-、二價雜環及-[C(R3)(R4)]x-伸芳基-[C(R5)(R6)]y-,或可稠合兩個苄基環;且R1及R2獨立地選自氫、烷基(較佳C1-8烷基)、環烷基(較佳C5-7環烷基,較佳C6環烷基)及芳基,其中環烷基及芳基視情況經例如C1-8烷基、鹵素及胺基、且較佳經C1-8烷基取代,且倘若經取代,則一或多
個取代基(較佳一個取代基)可存在於每一環烷基及芳基上;在一個實施例中,Z1選自直接鍵、-C(R3)(R4)-、-C(R3)(芳基)-、-C(O)-、-S-、-O-、二價雜環及-[C(R3)(R4)]x-伸芳基-[C(R5)(R6)]y-,或可稠合兩個苄基環;R3、R4、R5及R6獨立地選自H、C1-8烷基(較佳C1-4烷基,且較佳甲基)及鹵化烷基(其中鹵素通常係氯或氟(較佳氟),且其中鹵化烷基較佳係CF3);且x及y獨立地係0或1;倘若Z1選自二價雜環,則其較佳係3,3-異苯并呋喃-1(3h)-酮,即其中式(II)化合物源自酚酞;倘若Z1選自-[C(R3)(R4)]x-伸芳基-[C(R5)(R6)]y-,則連接兩個苯并化物基團之鏈可進一步包含一或多個伸芳基及/或一或多個-C(R7)(R8)-基團,其中R7及R8獨立地選自上文針對R3所定義之基團,前提係該或每一經取代或未經取代之亞甲基不與另一經取代或未經取代之亞甲基毗鄰。
在較佳實施例中,伸芳基係伸苯基。在一個實施例中,附接至伸苯基之基團可相對於彼此以對位或間位組態。在較佳實施例中,芳基係苯基。
基團Z1可為直鏈或非直鏈,且通常為直鏈。基團Z1可附接至雙-苯并化合物之一或兩個苄基之間位、對位或鄰位。因此,基團Z1可以對/對、對/間、對/鄰、間/間或鄰/間組態附接至苄基環。在一個實施例中,熱固性苯并化物樹脂組份(A)包含異構物之混合物,較佳地其中混合物之主要部分係結構IV中所顯示之對/對異構物,且較佳地此係以佔總異構混合物之至少75mol%、較佳至少90mol%、且較佳至少99mol%存在。
在另一實施例中,二官能苯并化物選自其中R1及R2獨立地選自芳基、較佳苯基之化合物。在一個實施例中,芳基可經取代,較佳地其中取代基選自C1-8烷基,且較佳地其中在至少一個芳基上存在單一取代基。C1-8烷基包括直鏈及具支鏈烷基鏈。較佳地,R1及R2獨立地選自未經取代之芳基、較佳未經取代之苯基。
結構式1之非鹵化單官能苯并化合物可與一或多種多官能苯并化合物組合形成摻合物。可固化組合物可經調配使得苯并化物摻合物佔組合物總重量之80重量%、較佳至少85重量%以上。含有本文所揭示苯并化物之可固化組合物經調配以在等於或大於180℃、例如180℃-250℃之溫度下保持熱穩定(即,不降解)。
根據一個實施例,可固化組合物經調配以含有超過80重量%、較
佳至少85重量%之苯并化物摻合物,該摻合物含有結構式1之非鹵化單官能苯并化合物及至少一種二官能苯并化物。單官能苯并化物對二官能苯并化物之重量比可為40:60至10:90,在一些情形下為50:50至10:90。
根據另一實施例,可固化組合物含有超過80重量%、較佳至少85重量%之苯并化物摻合物,該摻合物含有結構式1之液態苯并 化合物及至少一種三官能苯并化合物,其中液態苯并化物對三官能苯并化物之質量比為約50:50至約10:90。
根據另一實施例,可固化組合物含有超過80重量%、較佳至少85重量%之苯并化物摻合物,該摻合物含有結構式1之液態苯并 化合物、至少一種二官能苯并化物及至少一種三官能苯并化物,其中三官能苯并化物基於苯并化物摻合物之總重量最大為25重量%。根據另一實施例,可固化組合物經調配以含有結構式1之非鹵化單官能苯并化合物、至少一種二官能苯并化物、特定而言間位經取代之雙-苯并化物及至少一種三官能苯并化物、特定而言間位經取代之參-苯并化物。單官能及二官能苯并化物之組合基於苯并化物摻合物之總重量較佳最小為85重量%,且三官能苯并化物基於苯并化物摻合物之總重量最大為15重量%。
添加觸媒/加速劑係可選的,但使用該等添加劑可增加固化速率及/或降低固化溫度。適用於基於苯并化物之樹脂組合物之觸媒/加速劑包括(但不限於)路易斯酸(Lewis acid)(例如酚及其衍生物)、強酸(例如鏈烯酸)、甲苯磺酸甲酯、氰酸酯、對甲苯磺酸、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑(EMI)、2,4-二-第三丁基苯酚、BF3O(Et)2、己二酸、有機酸、五氯化磷(PCl5)。
可添加韌化劑(Toughening agent)(或韌化劑(toughener))以產生適於製造高級複合結構之韌化樹脂基質。適宜韌化劑包括(但不限於)熱塑性韌化劑,例如聚醚碸(PES)、PES及聚醚醚碸(PEES)之共聚物、彈性體(包括具有反應基團之液態橡膠);顆粒韌化劑,例如熱塑性粒子、玻璃珠、橡膠粒子及核殼橡膠粒子。
亦可包括功能性添加劑以影響固化或未固化樹脂組合物之機械、流變、電、光學、化學、阻燃性及/或熱特性中之一或多者。該等功能性添加劑之實例包括(但不限於)填充劑、顏料、流變控制劑、增黏劑、導電添加劑、阻燃劑、紫外(UV)保護劑及諸如此類。該等添加劑可呈各種幾何形式,包括(但不限於)粒子、薄片、棒狀物及諸如此類。
為形成複合材料,用可固化樹脂組合物使用諸如預浸及樹脂灌注等習用處理技術來浸漬或灌注強化纖維。在樹脂浸漬或灌注後,在至多250℃、較佳介於160℃至220℃範圍內、更佳在約180℃-200℃之升高溫度下且使用升高壓力、適宜地在至多10巴、較佳介於3巴至7巴範圍內之絕對壓力下實施固化,以限制逸出氣體之變形效應或限制孔隙形成。適宜地,藉由以至多5℃/min.、例如2℃/min至3℃/min加熱來達到固化溫度並維持至多9小時、較佳至多6小時、例如3至4小時之所需時段。可藉由以至多5℃/min.、例如至多3℃/min冷卻來降低溫度。可在190℃至250℃範圍內之溫度下在大氣壓下採用適宜加熱速率實施後固化以改良產物或其他之玻璃轉換溫度。
為製造預浸體,可藉由例如以下方式自可固化樹脂組合物形成樹脂膜:輥塗、擠出、壓縮模製、擠出、熔融澆注或帶澆注,然後在足以使樹脂膜軟化並浸漬纖維之溫度及壓力下將該膜層壓至呈例如相對較短纖維之非織造氈、連續纖維之織造織物或單側對準纖維(即,沿同一方向對準之纖維)層形式之強化纖維層之一或兩個相對表面。另一選擇為,可藉由以下方式來製造預浸體:提供呈液體形式之可固化樹脂組合物,及使纖維層通過液態樹脂組合物以用熱可固化組合物灌注纖維層,及自經灌注之纖維層移除過量樹脂。
為自預浸體製造複合部件,將經浸漬強化纖維之層片鋪疊於工具上,且藉由熱及壓力、例如藉由高壓釜、真空或壓縮模製或藉由熱輥在高於樹脂組合物之固化溫度之溫度下層壓在一起。
所得多層片積層可為各向異性的,其中纖維係連續且單向的,基本上平行於彼此定向,或為準各向同性的,其中層片中之纖維以例如相對於上下層片中之彼等45°、30°、60°或90°之角定向。亦可提供位於各向異性與準各向同性中間之定向及其組合。織造織物係準各向同性或位於各向異性與準各向同性中間之實例。適宜積層含有至少4
個、較佳至少8個層片。層片之數量取決於積層之應用(例如所需強度),且含有32個或甚至更多個(例如數百個)層片之積層可能為形成大複合部件合意的。可在層片之間之層間區域中提供韌化夾層或韌化粒子。
為經由樹脂灌注(例如RTM或VaRTM製程)製造複合部件,第一步驟係形成呈期望結構部件形狀之乾燥纖維預成型體。該預成型體通常包括自賦予所得複合部件期望強化特性之乾燥強化纖維製造之多個織物層或層片。非織造面紗(例如由隨機定向之熱塑性纖維構成之非織造熱塑性面紗)可作為韌化材料夾在毗鄰織物層片之間。在形成纖維預成型體後,將預成型體置於模具中。將可固化樹脂組合物直接注射/灌注至纖維預成型體中,且然後固化樹脂灌注之預成型體。
用於形成複合材料及部件之強化纖維可呈以下形式:晶鬚、短纖維、連續纖維、長絲、絲束、束、片、層片及其組合。連續纖維可進一步採用單向、多向、非織造、織造、針織、縫合、捲繞及編織組態以及捲曲氈墊、毛氈及短切纖維氈結構中之任一者。可改變纖維之組成以達成最終複合結構之所需特性。實例性纖維材料可包括(但不限於)玻璃、碳、石墨、芳族聚醯胺、石英、聚乙烯、聚酯、聚-對伸苯基-苯并二唑(PBO)、硼、聚醯胺、石墨、碳化矽、氮化矽及其組合。
1.將18.68g間甲酚、20.94g 3,5-二甲苯胺及20.76g多聚甲醛添加至250ml玻璃缸中。
2.然後在室溫(約20.0℃)下將混合物混合20分鐘。
3.將缸灌注於油浴中,將油浴之溫度升高至115℃,且將混合物再攪拌40分鐘。在此階段發生顏色變化。
-沙棕色/奶油色 -橙色/棕色
-不透明 → -透明
-低黏度 -低黏度
4.將油浴之溫度升高至120℃(花費約2分鐘達到溫度)且將混合物再混合20分鐘。
7.在添加NaOH後再用水洗滌以中和pH(pH7)。
8.將此混合物放置過夜,且然後將硫酸鎂乾燥劑添加至混合物中並乾燥4小時。
9.在真空下在旋轉蒸發器上在50℃下保持15分鐘來移除殘餘醚。
3.將材料之摻合物於油浴中於90℃下灌注30分鐘,且然後在90℃下攪拌45分鐘。
4.自油浴移除摻合物且傾倒至鋁皿中。
非鹵化單官能苯并化物之較低黏度提供處理70:30間-雙酚-A苯并化物對單官能苯并化物調配物之相對於純間-雙酚-A苯并化物之顯著改良。此已在用於預浸之樹脂成膜亦及將膜施加至碳織物時觀察到。樹脂成膜係使用板塗工具上之習用刀於基於矽之離型紙上來實施。
1.)基於苯胺 液體,且在一個月後在玻璃缸之側出現一些固體粒子。
2.)基於鄰甲苯胺 液體
3.)基於間甲苯胺 液體,但在7.5週後固化。
4.)基於對甲苯胺 液體,但在製備期間在真空烘箱中乾燥後固化。
根據30:70單官能苯并化物對雙酚-A苯并化物之重量比來製備雙酚-A苯并化物及每一合成單官能苯并化物之摻合物。亦製備在實例1中製備之液態單官能苯并化物L-BOX及雙酚-A苯并化物之30:70摻合物。然後根據以下固化週期固化樹脂樣品:以1℃/min加熱至180℃,保持2hr,以1℃/min 180℃至200℃,保持2hr。藉由動態機械分析(DMA)方法量測固化樹脂樣品之Tg且報
告於表1中。
如自表1可見,含有L-BOX之樹脂樣品之固化Tg高於其他樹脂樣品之固化Tg。此意指L-BOX在固化後可用於較高溫度下。同樣,發現基於對甲苯胺及基於鄰甲苯胺之苯并化物在固化週期期間不穩定,且顯示在此溫度範圍下超過15%之重量損失,如藉由TGA所測定。因此,其並不適於形成預浸體及複合結構。
本文所揭示之範圍具有包涵性且可獨立地組合,且包括該等範圍內之終點及所有中間值。舉例而言,「1%至10%」之範圍包括1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、8%、9%、10%以及諸如1.1%、1.2%、1.3%等中間值。
儘管本文闡述各種實施例,但自說明書應瞭解,可由彼等熟習此項技術者作出要素之各種組合、其中所揭示實施例之變化形式,且此在本發明範疇內。另外,為適應具體情形或材料可在不背離本發明之實質範疇下對本文所揭示實施例之教示作出許多修改。因此,所主張之本發明並不限於本文所揭示之具體實施例,但所主張之本發明將包括屬隨附申請專利範圍之範疇內之所有實施例。
Claims (22)
- 如請求項1之可固化組合物,其中(A)對(B)之質量比為50:50至10:90。
- 如請求項1或2之可固化組合物,其中該組合物展現室溫(20℃至30℃)或更低之未固化Tg,係藉由差示掃描量熱法(DSC)所量測。
- 如請求項1或2之可固化組合物,其中該組合物在介於100℃至150℃範圍內之加工溫度下具有不超過5Pa‧s之黏度。
- 如請求項1或2之可固化組合物,其中該可固化組合物不含或含有基於該組合物之總重量小於5重量%之選自環氧化物、氰酸酯、雙馬來醯亞胺及酚-甲醛之任何熱固性樹脂。
- 如請求項1或2之可固化組合物,其中該可固化組合物不含任何有機溶劑。
- 如請求項1或2之可固化組合物,其中該可固化組合物在180℃至250℃範圍內之溫度下對熱穩定。
- 一種連續樹脂膜,其係自如請求項1至13中任一項之可固化組合 物形成。
- 一種複合材料,其包含經如請求項1至13中任一項之可固化組合物浸漬或灌注之強化纖維。
- 如請求項15之複合材料,其中該等強化纖維選自碳纖維、玻璃纖維及芳族聚醯胺纖維。
- 如請求項15或16之複合材料,其中該等強化纖維呈單向纖維、織物或包含纖維或織物層片集結成之預成型體形式。
- 一種用於形成預浸體之方法,其包含:(i)自如請求項1至3、5至13中任一項之可固化組合物形成至少一種連續樹脂膜;及(ii)藉由施加熱將該連續樹脂膜按壓至強化纖維層上以浸漬該強化纖維層。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中該強化纖維層呈單向纖維形式。
- 一種預浸體,其係藉由如請求項18或19之方法製造。
- 一種用於製造複合部件之方法,其包含:(i)在模具表面上提供包含纖維或織物層片集結成之預成型體;(ii)用如請求項4至13中任一項之可固化組合物灌注該預成型體;及(iii)固化該經灌注之預成型體。
- 一種可固化複合部件,其係藉由用如請求項4至13中任一項之可固化組合物灌注纖維狀預成型體來製造。
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CN107108827B (zh) | 2020-09-04 |
ES2757824T3 (es) | 2020-04-30 |
JP2018500442A (ja) | 2018-01-11 |
KR20170101293A (ko) | 2017-09-05 |
BR112017013941B1 (pt) | 2021-08-24 |
EP3240829A1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
CA2971731A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
WO2016109399A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
US20160185908A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
EP3240829B1 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
CN107108827A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
US20200291179A1 (en) | 2020-09-17 |
AU2015374285B2 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
AU2015374285A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
JP6735755B2 (ja) | 2020-08-05 |
US20230133556A1 (en) | 2023-05-04 |
US11566106B2 (en) | 2023-01-31 |
BR112017013941A2 (pt) | 2018-01-02 |
TW201631015A (zh) | 2016-09-01 |
RU2017127148A3 (zh) | 2019-04-15 |
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