TWI669314B - 針對tau之抗體及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明係關於針對人類tau聚集體之單株抗體、包含此等tau抗體之組合物,及使用此等tau抗體治療神經退化疾病(包括阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer’s disease)、進行性核上性麻痺及匹克氏病(Pick’s disease))之方法。
Description
本發明係關於醫學領域。具體而言,本發明係關於針對tau之抗體、包含此等tau抗體之組合物及使用此等tau抗體治療包括阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer’s Disease,AD)、進行性核上性麻痺(PSP)及匹克氏病(Pick’s Disease,PD)之神經退化疾病之方法。
Tau係促進微管組裝及穩定性之軸突微管結合蛋白。AD及PSP係神經退化疾病,其病理上特徵在於異常tau聚集。更特定而言,據信在AD及PSP中過度磷酸化之tau促進不溶性tau原纖維聚集,導致微管去穩定及神經元毒性。細胞培養及鼠類模型研究已顯示,tau聚集體跨越神經元突觸連接而擴展且隔離單體(天然或非聚集)tau,從而誘導tau聚集體形成。諸如AD及PSP等神經退化疾病中之tau聚集及累積之神經解剖學進展表明,tau原纖維聚集沿神經元網絡傳播,最後使得微管去穩定且最後導致神經元功能局部受損。
tau聚集之密度及神經解剖學定位與AD及PSP神經病學症狀及疾病進展高度相關。舉例而言,在AD中,tau形成神經元內神經原纖維纏結(NFT),其傾向於依序自橫嗅區至邊緣區,至新皮質區發展,且其與失智症之嚴重程度及神經元減少之程度相關。在PSP中,tau聚集可見於皮質下區及皮質區內之神經元、星狀膠質細胞及寡突膠質細胞中,且已顯示聚集之tau之密度與神經元減少之嚴重程度相關。
已知針對tau之抗體。舉例而言,美國專利第8,926,974號及國際
公開案第WO2011/026031號、第WO2012/049570號及第WO2013/050567號揭示針對tau之抗體及tau抗體用於治療諸如AD等神經退化疾病之用途。然而,迄今為止仍無批准用於治療用途之靶向tau之抗體且目前尚未批准用於AD或PSP之疾病修飾療法。因此,仍需要替代tau抗體。具體而言,仍需要特異性結合tau聚集體且減少tau聚集體形成、NFT形成及神經元減少之傳播之替代tau抗體。較佳地,此等tau抗體亦具有良好物理化學性質以有助於研發、製造及/或調配。
本發明提供結合人類tau之單株抗體且其包含輕鏈可變區(LCVR)及重鏈可變區(HCVR),其中LCVR包含互補決定區(CDR)LCDR1、LCDR2及LCDR3且HCVR包含CDR HCDR1、HCDR2及HCDR3。根據本發明之具體實施例,LCDR1之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.3給出,LCDR2之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.4給出,LCDR3之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.5給出,HCDR1之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.6給出,HCDR2之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.7給出且HCDR3之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.8給出。在實施例中,本發明提供結合人類tau之單株抗體,其包含LCVR及HCVR,其中LCVR之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.9給出且HCVR之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.10給出。在另一實施例中,本發明提供結合人類tau之單株抗體,其包含輕鏈(LC)及重鏈(HC),其中LC之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.1給出且HC之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.2給出。
本發明提供結合人類tau之單株抗體。在實施例中,本發明提供結合人類tau之構象表位之單株抗體。在具體實施例中,人類tau之構象表位包括人類tau之胺基酸殘基7-9及312-322,其中人類tau之胺基酸序列係由SEQ ID NO.13給出。
本發明進一步提供包含本發明之單株抗體及一或多種醫藥上可
接受之載劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑之醫藥組合物。此外,本發明提供治療AD、PSP或PD之方法,其包含向有需要其之患者投與本發明之醫藥組合物。
另外,本發明提供治療神經退化疾病之方法。更具體而言,本發明提供治療AD、PSP或PD之方法,其包含向需要其之患者投與有效量之本發明單株抗體。
本發明亦提供用於治療之本發明單株抗體。更具體而言,本發明亦提供用於治療AD、PSP或PD之本發明單株抗體。
在實施例中,本發明提供本發明單株抗體用於製造用於治療AD、PSP或PD之藥劑之用途。
本發明亦係關於編碼本發明單株抗體之核酸分子及表現載體。在實施例中,本發明提供包含編碼具有SEQ ID NO.1之胺基酸序列之多肽之多核苷酸序列之DNA分子。在實施例中,本發明提供包含編碼具有SEQ ID NO.2之胺基酸序列之多肽之多核苷酸序列之DNA分子。在另一實施例中,本發明提供包含編碼具有SEQ ID NO.1之胺基酸序列之多肽之多核苷酸序列且包含編碼具有SEQ ID NO.2之胺基酸序列之多肽之多核苷酸序列之DNA分子。在具體實施例中,編碼具有SEQ ID NO.1之胺基酸序列之多肽之多核苷酸序列藉由SEQ ID NO.11給出且編碼具有SEQ ID NO.2之胺基酸序列之多肽之多核苷酸序列藉由SEQ ID NO.12給出。
此外,本發明提供根據一方法製備之單株抗體,其中該方法包含在使得單株抗體表現之條件下培養宿主細胞,該宿主細胞包含編碼具有SEQ ID NO.1之胺基酸序列之多肽之多核苷酸序列及編碼具有SEQ ID NO.2之胺基酸序列之多肽之多核苷酸序列,及自該宿主細胞回收包含LC及HC之單株抗體,其中LC之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.1給出且HC之胺基酸序列由SEQ ID NO.2給出。
如本文所用,「抗體」係包含藉由二硫鍵互聯之2個HC及2個LC之免疫球蛋白分子。各LC及HC之胺基端部分包括約100-120個胺基酸之可變區,其主要負責經由其中所含有之CDR來識別抗原。CDR散佈有更保守的稱為框架區(「FR」)的區域。各LCVR及HCVR由3個CDR及4個FR構成,其自胺基端至羧基端以以下順序排列:FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3、FR4。LC之3個CDR稱為「LCDR1、LCDR2及LCDR3」,且HC之3個CDR稱為「HCDR1、HCDR2及HCDR3」。CDR含有與抗原形成特定相互作用之大多數殘基。抗體結合具體抗原之功能性能力主要受6個CDR影響。將胺基酸指定至本發明抗體之LCVR及HCVR區內之CDR結構域係基於眾所周知的Kabat編號約定(Kabat等人,Ann.NY Acad.Sci.190:382-93(1971);Kabat等人,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,第五版,美國衛生及公共服務部,NIH出版物第91-3242號(1991))及North編號約定(North等人,A New Clustering of Antibody CDR Loop Conformations,Journal of Molecular Biology,406:228-256(2011))。
LC係歸類為κ或λ,其各自特徵在於如業內所已知之具體恆定區。本發明單株抗體包括κ LC。HC係歸類為γ、μ、α、δ、或ε且將抗體之同型分別定義為IgG、IgM、IgA、IgD、或IgE。本發明單株抗體包括IgG HC。IgG抗體可進一步分為亞類,例如IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4。在具體實施例中,本發明單株抗體係IgG4。各HC之羧基端部分界定主要負責效應物功能之恆定區。在具體實施例中,本發明單株抗體在各HC之恆定區中具有降低效應物功能之一或多種修飾。在更具體實施例中,本發明單株抗體係IgG4且在兩個HC之恆定區中具有減少效應物功能之修飾,包括於殘基230及231二者處之胺基酸丙胺酸(殘基編號基於SEQ ID NO.2之例示之HC)。在甚至更具體實施例中,本發明單株抗體係IgG4且在兩個HC之恆定區中具有減少效應物功能
之修飾,包括於殘基230及231二者處之胺基酸丙胺酸,且在兩個HC之恆定區中具有促進穩定性之其他修飾,包括於殘基224處之胺基酸脯胺酸及於殘基443處之胺基酸離胺酸之缺失(殘基編號基於SEQ ID NO.2之例示之HC)。
本發明抗體係單株抗體(「mAbs」)。本發明mAbs係含有2個HC及2個LC之完整mAbs。如本文所提及,mAbs係衍生自單一拷貝或純系(包括例如任何真核、原核或噬菌體純系)之抗體,且不係產生其之方法。單株抗體可藉由例如雜交瘤技術、重組技術、噬菌體展示(display)技術、合成技術(例如CDR移植(grafting))或此等技術或業內已知之其他技術之組合產生。
產生及純化抗體之方法為業內所熟知且可見於例如Harlow及Lane(1988),Antibodies,A Laboratory Manual,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,Cold Spring harbor,N.Y.,第5章至第8章及第15章,ISBN 0-87969-314-2。舉例而言,可使用來自特徵為患有AD之患者之腦組織的人類tau成對螺旋絲(「PHF」)來免疫小鼠(Jicha等人,J.Neurosci.Res.,15:48(2),128-132(1997年4月))且可回收、純化所得抗體,並使用業內熟知的習用方法來測定胺基酸序列。本發明單株抗體係經改造以含有一或多個人類框架區圍繞衍生自非人類抗體之CDRs。人類框架生殖系(germline)序列可自ImMunoGeneTics(INGT)(經由其網站http://imgt.cines.fr)或自The Immunoglobulin FactsBook(Marie-Paule Lefranc及Gerard Lefranc,Academic Press,2001,ISBN 012441351)獲得。根據本發明之特定實施例,用於本發明單株抗體中之特定生殖系HC框架區及LC框架區分別包括5-51及A27。
在本發明之特定實施例中,抗體或編碼其之核酸係以分離形式提供。如本文所用,術語「分離的」係指不含或大體上不含在細胞環
境中發現的其他巨分子物質之蛋白質、肽或核酸。
本發明單株抗體可使用已知方法來製備並純化。舉例而言,編碼HC(例如由SEQ ID NO.2給出之胺基酸序列)及LC(例如由SEQ ID NO.1給出之胺基酸序列)之cDNA序列可經選殖並經改造至GS(麩醯胺酸合成酶)表現載體中。然後,經改造免疫球蛋白表現載體可穩定轉染至CHO細胞中。如熟習此項技術者應瞭解,抗體之哺乳動物表現將導致通常在Fc區中在高度保守的N-糖基化位點處糖基化。穩定純系可針對特異性結合至tau聚集體之抗體之表現來驗證。可在生物反應器中將陽性純系擴充至用於抗體產生之無血清培養基中。抗體已分泌至其中之培養基可藉由習用技術來純化。舉例而言,培養基可便捷地施加至已使用諸如磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水等相容緩衝液來平衡的蛋白質A或G瓊脂糖凝膠FF管柱。洗滌管柱以移除非特異性結合組份。將結合的抗體(例如)藉由pH梯度來溶析,且抗體溶析份(例如)藉由SDS-PAGE來檢測且然後彙集。抗體可使用常用技術濃縮及/或無菌過濾。可溶性聚集體及多聚體可藉由常用技術有效移除,該等技術包括粒徑篩析、疏水相互作用、離子交換或羥磷灰石層析。產物可立刻冷凍(例如在-70℃下)或可凍乾。
本發明單株抗體可用於患者之治療中。更具體而言,預期本發明抗體可治療一類稱為tau蛋白病變之神經退化病症,其包括AD、PSP及PD。儘管預期本發明單株抗體可用於AD、PSP及PD之治療中,但此等抗體亦可用於包括慢性創傷性腦病之其他tau蛋白病變之治療中。如本文可互換使用,「治療」(「treatment」及/或「treating」及/或「treat」)意指其中可減緩、中斷、阻止、控制、停止或逆轉本文所述病症之進展之所有過程,但不一定指示所有病症症狀之完全消除。治療包括投與本發明抗體用於治療人類之疾病或病
況,該疾病或病況會受益於tau聚集體形成、NFT形成及神經元減少中之至少一者之傳播之減少,且該治療包括:(a)抑制疾病之進一步進展,即阻止其發展;及(b)減輕疾病,即使得疾病或病症消退或緩和其症狀或併發症。
如本文可互換使用,術語「患者」、「受試者」及「個體」係指人類。在某些實施例中,患者之特徵進一步在於會受益於tau聚集體形成、NFT形成及神經元減少中之至少一者之傳播之減少之疾病、病症或病況(例如,神經退化病症)。在另一實施例中,患者進一步描述為處於發展神經退化病症、疾病或病況之風險中,該神經退化病症、疾病或病況會受益於tau聚集體形成、NFT形成及神經元減少中之至少一者之傳播之減少。
如本文所用術語「結合(bind或binds)」tau係指抗體與人類tau聚集體之表位之相互作用。更佳地,表位係人類tau之構象表位。在具體實施例中,術語「結合(bind或binds)」tau係指與構象表位之相互作用,該構象表位包括人類tau聚集體之胺基酸殘基7-9及312-322(殘基編號基於SEQ ID NO.13之例示之人類tau)。應瞭解,已知例如自剪接變體得到之人類tau蛋白之變化形式。然而,此等已知變化形式具有包括SEQ ID NO.13之胺基酸殘基7-9及312-322之構象表位。然而,已知變體可導致SEQ ID NO.13之胺基酸殘基7-9及312-322之殘基編號改變。儘管在一些變體中殘基編號可改變,但構成表位之胺基酸仍相同。本文所用術語「表位」係指抗原中由本發明單株抗體所識別之不連續三維位點。
本發明單株抗體可併入醫藥組合物中,該醫藥組合物可藉由業內熟知方法製備且包含本發明單株抗體及一或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑及/或稀釋劑(例如,Remington,The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,第22版,Loyd V.編輯,Pharmaceutical Press,2012,其
提供如從業者通常已知之調配技術之概要)。用於醫藥組合物之適宜載劑包括當與本發明單株抗體組合時,保持分子之活性且不與患者之免疫系統反應之任何材料。
包含本發明單株抗體之醫藥組合物可藉由非經腸途徑(例如皮下、靜脈內、腹膜內、肌內或經皮)投與處於如本文所述疾病或病症之風險中或展現如本文所述疾病或病症之患者。本發明之醫藥組合物含有「有效」量或「治療有效」量(在本文中可互換使用)之本發明單株抗體。有效量係指達成期望治療結果之必需量(在劑量下且對於時間段且對於投與方式)。單株抗體之有效量可根據下述因素變化:例如個體之疾病狀態、年齡、性別及體重及單株抗體引起個體中之期望反應之能力。有效量亦為治療有益效應勝過本發明單株抗體之任何毒性或有害效應之量。
當構築本發明單株tau抗體時遇到與化學及物理穩定性相關聯之重大問題。所遇到的問題包括低結合親和力、免疫原性、聚集、HC二聚化、以及可變區去醯胺、氧化、異構化及錯摺疊。
舉例而言,鼠類IgG1抗體MC-1(「MC-1」)(Albert Einstein College of Medicine,Jicha等人,1997)識別tau蛋白在胺基酸殘基7-9及312-322(殘基編號係基於具有SEQ ID NO.13之胺基酸序列之例示人類tau蛋白)之構象表位,該抗體最初藉由將3個MC-1鼠類HC CDR改造多個人類HC框架生殖系基因及將3個MC-1鼠類LC CDR改造多個人類LC框架生殖系基因而人類化。MC-1之人類化構築體利用重鏈及輕鏈框架,各表示12個HC框架生殖系家族(特定人類HC框架:1-24、1-46、1-69、2-05、3-15、3-23、3-53、3-72、4-04、4-39、5-51及6-01)及8個LC生殖系家族(特定人類LC框架:A-26、A-27、B-2、B-3、L-2、L-12、O11及O-2)之96個不同組合。將各別框架生殖系基因選殖於
重鏈及輕鏈人類IgG4表現載體中且轉染於HEK293細胞中用於表現且藉由ELISA分析結合。儘管多個框架對在ELISA中展示一些程度結合至人類tau,但是所得抗體構築體顯示極多問題,包括結合親和力差、聚集、HC二聚化及化學穩定性問題,例如可變區中之去醯胺、氧化及異構化。
因此,改造修飾以研發具有改良結合親和力、消除或減少的HC二聚化、減少的免疫原性及改良化學及物理穩定性之tau抗體。改造HCDR2及HCDR3以及LCDR1、LCDR2及LCDR3中之胺基酸修飾(相對於MC-1,Jicha等人,1997)。經修飾之鼠類抗體基本上如上述藉由將3個HC CDR改造多個人類HC框架生殖系基因且將3個LC CDR改造多個人類LC框架生殖系基因而人類化。此外,實施廣泛蛋白質穩定性研究,並針對表現及熱穩定性性質以及結合親和力性質來篩選經改造之單株抗體。含有7個CDR突變(胺基酸位置係基於反映於表1中例示之本發明抗體之線性胺基酸殘基編號:HCDR2中之N61E及E62K;HCDR3中之P103V及Y105D;LCDR1中之G34Q;LCDR2中之S57D;及LCDR3中之H98L)之單株抗體經鑑別為改良本發明單株抗體之結合親和力、化學及物理穩定性及免疫原性(相對於MC-1,Jicha等人,1997)。在MC-1或人類化之MC-1抗體構築體之表徵中皆未鑑別到上述修飾。
例示之本發明經改造tau單株抗體呈現於表1中。例示之經改造tau單株抗體包括人類HC框架5-51及人類LC框架A27。例示之經改造tau單株抗體之各個區域之關係如下(胺基酸之編號應用線性編號;將胺基酸指定至可變結構域係基於可在www.imgt.org獲得之International Immunogenetics Information System®;將胺基酸指定至CDR結構域係基於眾所周知的North編號約定,但HCDR2係基於眾所周知的Kabat編號約定):
以下實例及分析展示,本發明單株抗體用於治療與tau聚集體之傳播相關之神經退化病症,例如AD、PSP或PD。然而,應理解,以下實例以說明性而非限制性方式陳述,且熟習此項技術者可作出各種修改。
本發明之經改造tau單株抗體可基本上如下文來表現及純化。含有SEQ ID NO.11之DNA序列(編碼SEQ ID NO.1之LC胺基酸序列)及SEQ ID NO.12之DNA序列(編碼SEQ ID NO.2之HC胺基酸序列)之麩醯胺酸合成酶(GS)表現載體用於藉由電穿孔來轉染中國倉鼠卵巢細胞系(CHO)。表現載體編碼SV早期(猿猴病毒40E)啟動子及GS之基因。GS之表現容許生物化學合成CHO細胞所需的胺基酸麩醯胺酸。轉染後,細胞經歷使用50μM L-甲硫胺酸磺醯亞胺(MSX)的混合選擇(bulk selection)。藉由MSX之GS之抑制用於增加選擇之嚴格性。可相對於CHO野生型細胞選擇將表現載體cDNA整合至宿主細胞基因體之轉錄活躍區中之細胞(其表現內源性含量之GS)。將轉染彙集物以低密度平
鋪以允許穩定表現細胞之接近純系之過度生長。針對抗體表現篩選主孔且然後在無血清懸浮液培養物中按比例放大以用於生產。抗體分泌至其中之澄清培養基施加至已使用諸如磷酸鹽緩衝鹽水(pH 7.4)等相容緩衝液平衡之蛋白質A親和管柱。使用1M NaCl洗滌管柱以移除非特異性結合組份。(例如)使用pH(約)3.5之檸檬酸鈉來溶析結合的tau單株抗體且使用1M Tris緩衝液來中和溶析份。(例如)藉由SDS-PAGE或分析粒徑篩析來檢測Tau單株抗體溶析份且然後彙集。可溶性聚集體及多聚體可藉由常用技術有效移除,該等技術包括粒徑篩析、疏水相互作用、離子交換或羥磷灰石層析。本發明tau單株抗體使用常用技術來濃縮及/或無菌過濾。在該等層析步驟後,tau單株抗體之純度大於95%。本發明tau單株抗體可立刻在-70℃下冷凍或在4℃下儲存若干個月。
使用BIACORE® 2000儀器(在25℃下使用HBS-EP+運行緩衝液(GE Healthcare,10mM Hepes pH 7.4+150mM NaCl+3mM EDTA+0.05%表面活性劑P20)預處理)量測之表面電漿共振(SPR)分析用於量測實例1之例示之tau單株抗體對人類單體(例如天然或非聚集)tau及人類tau聚集體二者(二者皆具有如列示於SEQ ID NO:13中之胺基酸序列)之結合。人類化之MC-1抗體構築體(具有框架組合:5-51重鏈,A27輕鏈)對人類單體tau及人類tau聚集體之結合係以相同方式量測。
除非另有註明,所有試劑及材料均來自BIACORE® AB(Upsala,Sweden)。使用在所有4個流動槽(FC)上含有固定化蛋白質A之CM5晶片(使用標準NHS-EDC胺偶合產生)來採用捕獲方法。藉由稀釋於運行緩衝液中來製備0.5μg/mL之抗體試樣。藉由稀釋於運行緩衝液中將單體tau及原纖維tau製備為2000、1000、500、250、125、62.5、31.25、15.63、7.82、3.91、1.95及0(空白)nM之濃度。各分析循環由
以下組成:(1)將抗體試樣捕獲於單獨流動槽(FC2、FC3及FC4)上;(2)在50μL/min之速率下經各別FC注射250μL(300秒)單體tau或tau原纖維聚集體;(3)返回至緩衝液流持續20min以監測解離相;(4)利用注射25μL(30秒)pH 1.5之甘胺酸使晶片表面再生;(5)利用注射50μL(60秒)HBS-EP+來平衡晶片表面。
使用標準雙重參照處理結合至tau聚集體之數據且使用Biacore 2000評估軟體(4.1版)擬合至1:1結合模型,以測定結合速率(kon,M-1s-1單位)、解離速率(koff,s-1單位)及Rmax(RU單位)。平衡解離常數(KD)根據關係KD=koff/kon來計算且以莫耳單位計。由於快速結合及解離速率,故結合至單體tau之數據無法藉由如上文所述SPR精確測定。因此,結合至單體tau之KD藉由使用穩態結合擬合模型自繪製抗原濃度對反應單位之曲線來獲得。所得結合數據提供於表2中。
*KD結果視為相對的,此乃因該等結果未針對親和力之影響進行正規化。
提供於表2中之結果展示,實例1之tau單株抗體不具有可量測的對單體tau之結合,使得可藉由Biacore分析精確測定親和力值(由於快速結合及解離速率)。相反,提供於表2中之結果展示,與人類化之MC-1抗體構築體相比,實例1之tau單株抗體具有對tau聚集體之經改良親和力。
酵素結合免疫吸附分析(ELISA)用於測定實例1之例示之tau單株抗體對來自AD腦勻漿之聚集tau原纖維之相對結合親和力。AD腦勻漿自AD患者之腦之約80g皮質製備。簡言之,以約10ml/1g(組織)將緩衝液(TBS/1mM PMSF/1X Complete®蛋白酶抑制劑混合物(Roche,p/n.11 697 498 001)及磷酸酶抑制劑(ThermoFischer,p/n.78428))添加至AD腦組織中。使用手持式Kinematica Polytron以速度6-7將組織勻漿化。然後,使用Parr Bomb(Parr Instrument,p/n.4653)在1500psi氮氣下將組織進一步勻漿化30min。將勻漿在4℃下在28,000g下(J14 Beckman轉子)旋轉30min。收集上清液,彙集並在Sepharose 400 Superflow之4cm高保護管柱上運行以移除較大碎片,然後以每小時50-60ml之流速在25ml MC1-Affigel 10管柱上運行,以純化結合MC1之tau原纖維。為最大化純化之回收,藉助MC-1管柱在4℃下經18-20小時再循環上清液。將保護管柱移除且使用至少40個管柱體積之TBS洗滌MC1管柱。然後,將結合的tau聚集體使用2個管柱體積之3M KSCN溶析,收集於約1ml溶析份中。各溶析份中之蛋白質濃度藉由微量滴定板Bradford分析來檢查。將含有陽性蛋白質含量之溶析份彙集,使用Centricon(Millipore Ultracel-30K)在4℃下濃縮至約2ml且使用Slide-A-Lyzer盒(10K MWCO 3-12ml,Pierce)對1升TBS透析過夜。自AD腦勻漿純化之tau原纖維內之tau濃度藉由夾心ELISA使用DA-9捕獲抗體及CP27檢測抗體來量測。
將於PBS中之純化之tau原纖維(50μl)以對應於0.7μg/ml總tau之濃度塗佈於96孔板(Coastar,p/n.3690)之孔上。板在4℃下培育過夜,然後使用150μl PBST(含有0.05% Tween-20之PBS)洗滌3次,在室溫下於100μl BB3(ImmunoChemistry Technology,p/n.643)中封閉至少1小時(通常2小時)。封閉之後,將封閉緩衝液自孔移除。將實例1之例示之tau單株抗體及人類化之MC-1抗體構築體(具有框架組合:
5-51重鏈,A27輕鏈)於0.25%酪蛋白緩衝液中稀釋為1000nM儲積液,然後以二倍稀釋度連續稀釋23次。將50μl儲積液及連續稀釋之抗體(實例1之例示之tau單株抗體或人類化之MC-1抗體構築體)添加至單獨孔中且在室溫下培育2小時,然後將板使用200μl PBST/孔洗滌4次。添加50μl抗人類IgG-HRP抗體(以1:4000稀釋至0.25%酪蛋白緩衝液中)並在室溫下培育1小時,然後將板使用200μl PBST/孔洗滌4次。添加50μl TMB/H2O2並在室溫下培育約10分鐘。藉由添加50μl停止液(2N H2SO4)來停止反應且在450nm下量測比色信號。將數據輸入Prism 6(GraphPad)程式中且使用非線性回歸曲線擬合及S型劑量反應產生EC50值。結果呈現於表3中。
如表3中所反映,例示之本發明tau單株抗體展示60倍優於人類化MC-1抗體構築體之對純化tau原纖維之經改良親和力(如藉由EC50所量測)。
實例1之tau單株抗體對tau聚集體相對於對tau單體之選擇性藉由直接ELISA來測定。在大體上如上文所提供之ELISA程序後,以對應於「高」濃度(1μg/mL)或「低」濃度(15ng/mL)之濃度將重組tau(rTau)塗佈於96孔板上。當塗佈於微孔板上時,高濃度之rTau聚集,模擬結合至聚集之tau。當塗佈於微孔板上時,低濃度之rTau模擬結合至tau單體。塗佈有高或低濃度之rTau之板分別暴露至實例1之例示之tau單株抗體,且例示之tau單株抗體對各別濃度之rTau之結合大體上如上文ELISA分析中所述來量測。結果提供於表4中。
表4.與「高」對「低」濃度之rTau之結合之EC
50
比較
如表4中所反映,實例1之例示之tau單株抗體展示120倍優於單體tau之對聚集tau之經改良親和力(如藉由EC50所量測)。
實例1之例示之tau單株抗體對衍生自人類腦之聚集之tau之結合藉助福馬林固定之石蠟包埋(FFPE)之自以下獲得之腦切片之免疫組織化學染色來測定:「正常」個體(顯示最低tau聚集);AD患者(展現嚴重tau聚集及NFT形成,以及澱粉樣蛋白斑塊病理);PD患者(展現嚴重tau聚集)。亦對衍生自不具有人類tau之「對照」野生型小鼠之腦切片實施染色以測定背景非特定染色含量。
將FFPE切片脫石蠟且再水化。此後,對切片實施抗原修復(使用Lab Vision PT模組系統,Thermo Scientific),其包括在100℃下在檸檬酸鹽緩衝液(Thermo Scientific,p/n.TA-250-PM1X)中加熱切片20分鐘,然後將切片於dH2O中冷卻。然後,將切片暴露至以下7個培育步驟(在室溫下):(1)於0.03% H2O2中10min.;(2)於正常山羊血清(Vector Labs.,p/n.S-1000)稀釋於PBST中之1:20稀釋液中30min.;(3)於實例1之例示之tau單株抗體或人類化之MC-1抗體構築體(具有框架組合:5-51重鏈,A27輕鏈)(例示之tau單株抗體及人類化之MC-1抗體構築體二者皆正規化至1mg/ml,然後於PBST中稀釋至1:4000之稀釋液,之後與切片一起培育)中60min.;(4)於以1.1μg/ml之濃度於PBST中之兔抗人類IgG4(針對例示之抗體之Fc區產生)中30min.;(5)於生物素化之山羊抗兔IgG(Vector Labs.,p/n.BA-1000)稀釋於PBST中之1:200稀釋液中30min.;(6)於抗生物素蛋白-生物素複合物溶液(Vector Labs.,p/n.PK-7100)中30min.;(7)於3,3’-二胺基聯苯胺
(Vector Labs.,p/n.SK-4105)中5min.。在上述7個步驟之每一者之間均使用PBST洗滌切片。在上述7個培育步驟之後,使用蘇木精複染切片,脫水並蓋上蓋玻片。對於小鼠「對照」組織切片,對上述方案進行以下修改:在培育步驟(3)中,使用例示之tau單株抗體及人類化之MC-1抗體構築體二者之1:8000稀釋液(相對於1:4000稀釋液);且使用單一的生物素化之山羊抗人類IgG(Vector Labs.,編號BA-3000)於PBST中之1:200稀釋液中30min.來替代培育步驟(4)及(5)。
在大體上如上文所述程序之後,實施對實例1之例示之tau單株抗體與衍生自人類腦之tau之結合的分析。結果提供於表5中。
提供於表5中之結果反映,如與人類化之MC-1抗體構築體相比,在來自AD及PD患者二者之海馬體腦切片中,實例1之例示之tau單株抗體展示顯著較高之對聚集之tau之染色含量。提供於表5中之結果亦展示,實例1之例示之tau單株抗體並未展示高於人類化之MC-1抗體構築體之非特異性結合(在正常對照人類切片中,例示之tau單株抗體展示結合至最少量之聚集之tau)。此外,由於AD及PD特徵在於編碼tau之基因之獨特剪接變體,故該等結果支持如下結論:實例1之例示之tau單株抗體特異性結合包含人類tau之胺基酸殘基7-9及312-322(殘基編號基於SEQ ID NO.13之例示之人類tau)之構象表位,該構象表位為
AD及PD二者之tau聚集體所共有。
已知來自約5個月齡P301S小鼠之勻漿腦製備物在天然非聚集tau之存在下誘導天然tau之聚集且展示tau聚集之類傳播效應。將來自4.5個月齡至5個月齡P301S小鼠之腦組織之十二烷基肌胺酸鈉(Sarkosyl)不溶性勻漿製備物超音波處理並使用OPTI-MEM(GIBCO,Life Tech.,p/n.31985-062)稀釋以使得所量測之tau(每一製備物)達到0.77μg/ml之終濃度。各製備物與實例1之例示之tau單株抗體(濃度:21.00、7.00、2.33、0.78、0.26、0.09、0.03及0.01μg/ml)或人類化之MC-1抗體構築體(濃度:50.00、16.67、5.56、1.85、0.62、0.21、0.07、0.02及0.01μg/ml)中之一者在室溫下培育30分鐘。
將HEK293細胞(人類胚腎細胞系)藉由電穿孔轉染以誘導性表現人類tau之突變體形式(1N4L,其在殘基301處用絲胺酸取代脯胺酸(P301S)(殘基編號基於SEQ ID NO.13之例示之人類tau))。(Falcon B.等人,J.Biol.Chem.290:1049-1065,2015)。穩定轉染之HEK293細胞以1×104個細胞/孔之濃度平鋪於96孔板之孔中於完全培養基(D-MEM培養基(Invitrogen,p/n.11965-092),10%胎牛血清(Invitrogen,p/n.16000),1×青黴素鏈黴素(Invitrogen,p/n.15140-122),5μg/ml殺稻瘟菌素(Blasticin,Invitrogen,p/n.R210-01),200μg/ml吉歐黴素(Zeocin,Invitrogen,p/n.R250-01))中。將板在37℃下培育3天。培育後,每孔添加以1:1000稀釋的1mg/ml四環素(至1μg四環素/ml培養基之終濃度)以誘導表現突變體tau。然後將板在37℃下培育24小時。培育後,將培養基移除並添加50μl勻漿製備物與各別濃度中之一者之實例1之例示之tau單株抗體或人類化之MC-1抗體構築體(如上文所述製備)中之一者。將板培育3小時,然後移除勻漿製備物並將100μl含有1μg/ml四環素之完全培養基及相同各別濃度之例示之tau單株抗
體或人類化之MC-1抗體構築體添加至每一各別孔。將板在37℃下培育24小時,然後移除培養基並將100μl完全培養基及相同各別濃度之例示之tau單株抗體或人類化之MC-1抗體構築體添加至各別孔。將板在37℃下培育48小時。培育後,使用200μl DPBS洗滌細胞並瀝乾。
將細胞重懸於每孔50μl H緩衝液(TBS,pH 7.4,含有2mM EGTA、5mM EDTA、蛋白酶及磷酸酶抑制劑(Thermo Scientific,p/n.784420))中並超音波浴10分鐘。藉由BCATM蛋白質分析(Thermo Scientific,p/n.PI-23227)量測總蛋白質濃度。藉由夾心ELISA測定tau聚集體含量。在4℃下將96孔板使用50μl 2μg/ml AT8抗體塗佈過夜。將板使用PBST洗滌3次,然後在室溫下使用100μl BB3封閉1小時。使用AD腦總提取物藉由在0.25%酪蛋白緩衝液中使用兩倍稀釋自40μg/ml之起始濃度連續稀釋至0.3125μg/ml之終濃度來製備標準曲線。將細胞裂解物稀釋至0.25%酪蛋白緩衝液中至約0.1mg/ml之總蛋白質濃度。然後,將50ul各標準試樣稀釋液或經稀釋細胞試樣添加至經封閉板之單獨孔中並在4℃下培育過夜,然後將板使用PBST洗滌4次。生物素化之CP27抗體以1:2000稀釋於0.25%酪蛋白緩衝液中且然後將50μl添加至含有試樣之孔中。將板在室溫下培育2小時,然後將板使用PBST洗滌4次。將鏈黴親和素-HRP(Invitrogen,p/n.SNN2004)以1:5000稀釋於0.25%酪蛋白緩衝液中且然後將50μl添加至各孔中,且將板在室溫下培育1小時。培育後,將板使用PBST洗滌4次並添加50μl H2O2及TMB之1:1混合物(Thermo Scientific,p/n.34021)。將板在室溫下培育10min.且藉由添加50μl H2SO4停止反應。在450nm或650nm下量測比色信號。將AT8陽性tau含量針對各試樣中之總蛋白質含量正規化。將各試樣之正規化值針對對照試樣(未使用抗體處理)中之AT8陽性tau含量進一步正規化。各試樣中對tau聚集體傳播之抑制%係藉由自100減去進一步正規化之值來確定,並將各試樣之抑制%值輸
入Prism 6軟體程式(GraphPad)中,其應用非線性回歸曲線擬合及S型劑量反應來產生EC50值。結果提供於表6中。
提供於表6中之結果反映,實例1之例示之tau單株抗體在抑制誘導之tau聚集體傳播方面展示約30倍改良。
已知來自約5個月齡P301S小鼠之勻漿腦幹製備物在注射至正常10週齡雌性P301S小鼠之海馬體中後誘導天然非聚集tau之聚集,展示tau聚集之類傳播效應。來自4.5個月齡至5個月齡P301S小鼠之腦幹組織之勻漿製備物以大體上與上文所述相同之方式來製備。
向正常10週齡雌性P301S小鼠於海馬體之左半球中注射5μl勻漿腦製備物及:7.5μg實例1之例示之tau單株抗體(N=12);或7.5μg對照人類IgG4抗體(N=11)。注射後4週,將小鼠殺死並收集左半球及右半球,石蠟包埋,且將6μm連續切片置於載玻片上。將含有前囟(A-P=-2.30)之載玻片脫石蠟,使包埋之組織再水化且藉由於檸檬酸鹽緩衝液中將載玻片加熱至100℃持續20min.來實施抗原修復。將載玻片於dH2O中冷卻並在室溫下根據以下步驟培育:(a)於(0.03%)H2O2中10min.;(b)於正常山羊血清之1:20稀釋液中30min.;(c)於PG-5抗體之1:8000稀釋液(於PBST中稀釋)(PG-5抗體自Dr.Peter Davies,Albert Einstein College of Medicine,Yeshiva University之實驗室獲得;當磷酸化時,PG-5抗體特異性結合tau之殘基409處之絲胺酸,殘基編號基於SEQ ID NO.13之例示之人類tau)中60min.;(d)於生物素化之山羊抗
小鼠IgG抗體之1:200稀釋液(於PBST中稀釋)中30min.;(e)於抗生物素蛋白-生物素複合物溶液中30min.;且(f)於3,3’-二胺基聯苯胺中5min.。在各別步驟之間使用PBST洗滌。於3,3’-二胺基聯苯胺中培育5min.後,將切片使用蘇木精複染,然後再水化並蓋上蓋玻片。藉由Scanscope AT Slide掃描儀(Aperio)在20×放大率下量測染色信號。將PG-5免疫反應性量化且使用Imagescope軟體(11.1.2.780版,Aperio)之正像素算法表示為百分比。結果提供於表7中。
提供於表7中之結果展示,如與對照IgG4抗體相比,實例1之例示之tau單株抗體降低左海馬體及右海馬體二者中之tau聚集程度。如所顯示,與對照IgG4抗體相比,例示之tau單株抗體分別在左海馬體中產生多60.5%之tau聚集減少且在右海馬體中產生多66.5%之tau聚集減少。該等結果展示,例示之tau單株抗體具有針對tau聚集之傳播之中和活性。
轉基因Tg4510小鼠表現人類tau之突變體形式(4R0N,其在殘基301處用白胺酸取代脯胺酸(P301L),Ramsden M.等人,J.Neuroscience.,25:10637-10647(2005)及Santacruz K.等人,Science(2005);殘基編號基於SEQ ID NO.13之例示之人類tau)。Tg4510小鼠在海馬體及新皮質區中展現P301L突變體人類tau之高表現程度,此展示年齡依賴性tau聚集進展。
本發明tau抗體可在Tg4510小鼠中誘導免疫原性反應。因此,為測試本發明tau單株抗體在齧齒類動物模型中長期投與之治療潛力,故構築替代鼠類tau抗體,其靶向相同構象表位且相對於實例1之例示之tau單株抗體反映類似程度之經改良親和力。替代tau抗體對經純化AD tau原纖維之親和力(EC50)為13.1pM,如上文所述(針對實例1之例示之tau單株抗體)藉由ELISA來量測。
將8週齡雌性Tg4510小鼠分為3個單獨組。第一組(N=15)使用對照小鼠IgG1抗體(15mg/kg)每週注射兩次,持續9週。第二組(N=15)使用自注射有MC-1雜交瘤之小鼠腹水產生之重組MC-1抗體(15mg/kg)每週注射兩次,持續9週。第三組(N=15)使用替代鼠類tau抗體(15mg/kg)每週注射兩次,持續9週。最終投與後,將小鼠殺死並收集其腦。收集皮質部分及海馬體切片,石蠟包埋,並將6μm連續切片置於載玻片上用於免疫組織化學用途。
將所收集腦之剩餘皮質區在皮質體積之10倍體積之H緩衝液中藉由脈衝式超音波處理來勻漿化,在4℃下在21,000g下旋轉20min.且自各皮質收集上清液之等份,且藉由BCATM蛋白質分析(Thermo Scientific,p/n.PI-23227)根據製造之方案來測定總蛋白質含量。將剩餘之上清液在4℃下在100,000g下旋轉1小時,丟棄上清液,且將所獲得之不溶性團塊重懸於H緩衝液中(體積為所丟棄之上清液體積之½)。將重懸之團塊超音波處理,且大體上如上文所述,使用AT8捕獲抗體及CP27檢測抗體藉由ELISA來測定各團塊中之AT8陽性tau聚集體含量。將AT8陽性tau聚集體含量針對總蛋白質含量正規化。
類似地,將來自所收集腦之剩餘海馬體於海馬體體積之10倍體積H緩衝液中藉由脈衝式超音波處理來勻漿化,在4℃下在21,000g下旋轉20min.且自各海馬體收集上清液並測定總蛋白質含量。大體上如上文所述使用AT8捕獲抗體及CP27檢測抗體藉由ELISA來測定上清液
中之AT8陽性tau聚集體含量。將AT8陽性tau聚集體含量針對總蛋白質含量正規化。結果提供於表8中。
提供於表8中之結果展示,相對於對照mIgG1處理之小鼠,替代鼠類tau抗體分別使皮質及海馬體二者中之tau聚集體含量下降24%及35%。結果進一步顯示,使用重組鼠類MC-1抗體處理之小鼠未顯示優於對照mIgG1處理之小鼠之改良的tau聚集體含量下降。
亦大體上如上文所述藉由免疫組織化學使用PG-5來量測自所收集之腦製備之石蠟包埋切片之皮質及海馬體中之tau聚集程度。藉由轉換成log10值將數據正規化且結果匯總於表9中。
提供於表9中之結果展示,相對於對照mIgG1抗體,替代鼠類tau抗體降低皮質(18%)及海馬體(43%)二者中之tau聚集體含量,而相對於對照mIgG1抗體,重組鼠類MC-1抗體在皮質或海馬體中並未展示值得注意的tau聚集體含量之降低。
實例1之例示之tau單株抗體展示良好溶解度、化學穩定性及物理穩定性。
期望足夠高溶解度以能夠便利地給藥。舉例而言,藉由1.0mL注射將1mg/kg劑量投與100kg患者將需要100mg/ml之溶解度。另外,亦期望在高濃度下將抗體維持在不具有高分子量(HMW)聚集之單體狀態。藉由使用10K分子量截止過濾器(Amicon U.C.過濾器,Millipore,目錄號UFC903024)將15mg例示之抗體濃縮至小於100μl體積來分析實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之溶解度。使用Nanodrop 2000(Thermo Scientific)藉由在A280下之UV吸光度來量測試樣之終濃度。
在大體上如上文所述之程序後,實例1之例示之tau單株抗體顯示以下溶解度:大於140mg/ml(於pH 6之10mM檸檬酸鹽緩衝液中);大於177mg/ml(於pH 6之10mM檸檬酸鹽與150mM NaCl中);及大於170mg/ml(於pH 7.4之PBS緩衝液中)。另外,在高濃度下僅存在低含量之HMW(自約3%至約5.4%)且未觀察到相分離。
化學穩定性促進具有足夠儲放壽命之藥物調配物之研發。藉由將例示之tau抗體於10mM檸檬酸鹽中調配至1mg/ml之濃度並緩衝至pH 4、5、6或7來評價實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之化學穩定性。將經調配試樣在加速降解研究中在4℃、25℃或40℃下培育4週。抗體之電荷分佈之改變反映化學改變,其係根據標準程序使用毛細管等電聚焦(cIEF)來評價。
在大體上如上文所述之程序之後,實例1之例示之tau單株抗體展示呈現於表10中之化學穩定性結果。
表10. 相對於在4℃下培育之試樣,藉由cIEF所量測之經4週之主峰%及藉由SEC所量測之HMW聚集體%之變化之匯總.
提供於表10中之結果展示,在40℃下儲存4週後,實例1之例示之tau抗體當在pH 5下調配時具有僅1.1個百分點之主峰減少%,且當在pH 6(抗體調配中之常用pH)下調配時具有僅0.3個百分點之減少。另外,質譜分析展示在40℃下儲存4週後僅觀察到最低降解(約1.5% LCDR1去醯胺,且在所有CDR序列中降解少於5%),指示實例1之例示之tau單株抗體具有足夠化學穩定性以促進具有足夠儲放壽命之溶液調配物之研發。
出於比較之目的,藉由將抗體在40℃下在pH 8下培育2週來實施人類化之MC-1抗體構築體(具有框架組合:5-51重鏈,A27輕鏈)之化學及物理穩定性。人類化之MC-1抗體構築體顯示顯著化學降解,包括LCDR1中之12%去醯胺、HCDR3中之5%去醯胺及10%異構化以及HC框架中之3%氧化。
在實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之4週加速降解研究之後,藉由將例示之單株抗體於10mM檸檬酸鹽中調配至1mg/ml之濃度且緩衝為pH 4或6來評價結合親和力。將經調配之試樣在加速降解研究中在4℃或40℃下培育4週。培育後,根據大體上如上文所述之ELISA程序藉由直接ELISA測定實例1之例示之tau單株抗體對塗佈於96孔板上之rTau(15ng/ml)之結合親和力。以一式兩份實施之上文所述結合親和力研究之結果提供於表11中。
表11. 加速降解研究後之EC
50
比較.
表11展示,與在4℃下培育之對照試樣相比,對於4週加速降解之後之試樣,實例1之例示之tau單株抗體對低濃度之rTau之結合親和力保持類似。
SEQ ID NO:1-實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之LC
SEQ ID NO:2-實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之HC
SEQ ID NO:3-實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之LCDR1
SEQ ID NO:4-實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之LCDR2
SEQ ID NO:5-實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之LCDR3
SEQ ID NO:6-實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之HCDR1
SEQ ID NO:7-實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之HCDR2
SEQ ID NO:8-實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之HCDR3
SEQ ID NO:9-實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之LCVR
SEQ ID NO:10-實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之HCVR
SEQ ID NO:11-編碼例示之LC(SEQ ID NO:1)之核苷酸序列
SEQ ID NO:12-編碼例示之HC(SEQ ID NO:2)之核苷酸序列
SEQ ID NO:13-人類全長Tau之胺基酸序列
<110> 美國禮來大藥廠
<120> 針對TAU之抗體及其用途
<130> X20624
<150> US 62/121,116
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<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之LCVR
<400> 9
<210> 10
<211> 116
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 實例1之例示之tau單株抗體之HCVR
<400> 10
<210> 11
<211> 657
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 編碼例示之LC(SEQ ID NO:1)之核苷酸序列
<400> 11
<210> 12
<211> 1326
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 編碼例示之HC(SEQ ID NO:2)之核苷酸序列
<400> 12
<210> 13
<211> 441
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人類全長Tau之胺基酸序列
<400> 13
Claims (5)
- 一種結合人類tau之單株抗體,其包含輕鏈可變區(LCVR)及重鏈可變區(HCVR),其中該LCVR之胺基酸序列係如SEQ ID NO:9所示且該HCVR之胺基酸序列係如SEQ ID NO:10所示。
- 如請求項1之單株抗體,其包含輕鏈(LC)及重鏈(HC),其中該LC之胺基酸序列係如SEQ ID NO:1所示且該HC之胺基酸序列係如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1或2之單株抗體及一或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑。
- 一種如請求項1或2之單株抗體之用途,其用於製造用於治療阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer’s disease)、進行性核上性麻痺或匹克氏病(Pick’s disease)之藥劑。
- 一種如請求項3之醫藥組合物之用途,其用於製造用於治療阿茲海默氏病、進行性核上性麻痺或匹克氏病之藥劑。
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