TWI667018B - 用來設置於椎體之間的脊柱植入物裝置 - Google Patents

用來設置於椎體之間的脊柱植入物裝置 Download PDF

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TWI667018B
TWI667018B TW104127091A TW104127091A TWI667018B TW I667018 B TWI667018 B TW I667018B TW 104127091 A TW104127091 A TW 104127091A TW 104127091 A TW104127091 A TW 104127091A TW I667018 B TWI667018 B TW I667018B
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安德魯 羅傑斯
羅賓 巴洛翁貝
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美商脊柱專家公司
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/4455Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
    • A61F2/447Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages substantially parallelepipedal, e.g. having a rectangular or trapezoidal cross-section
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Abstract

一種用於介體融合系統之可擴張之殼體,其具有可移動的錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件,其等係沿著軌道行進以便可操作地抵壓並嚙合於該頂部與該底部外殼構件,因而迫使其等分離而導致開殼體在高度上擴張。在一具體實施例中,該錐狀構件係被設置為成對配置,使得該等錐狀構件各沿著該等頂部和底部外殼的側向部位作獨立的嚙合,使得在該等錐狀構件被移動至不同程度時,導致該殼體的外表面形成角度傾斜。此一功能允許調整在相鄰椎骨之間的角度關係,並協助調整病人的脊柱之脊柱前凸狀況。當外科醫生結合運用該裝置的功能在進行外側腰部介體間融合術時,該裝置可提供一種有效的現場調整工具。

Description

用來設置於椎體之間的脊柱植入物裝置
本發明係與用於治療腰部背痛之外科手術與裝置有關。
腰椎融合術是一種用來矯正與人體脊柱有關之問題的外科手術。一般地,它涉及移除兩個椎骨之間的受損椎間盤與骨頭,並植入可以促進骨骼生長的骨移植材料。隨著骨頭的生長,這兩個椎骨將會連接或是融合在一起。將骨頭融合在一起可以協助背部的特定區域讓其較穩定,並有助於減少在融合部位與神經刺激有關的問題。融合作用可以在脊柱的一或多個區段中進行。
介體融合術是一種常見的手術程序,以在背部出現問題之位置上,移除構成該椎間盤之髓核及/或纖維環,並將其等以一護架來進行替換,該護架在形狀和尺寸上係已經過架構而可將相鄰椎骨之間的距離重建成適當的情況。介體融合術可以用多種外科手術方法來實施,同時也可以經由腹部或背部來對病人的脊柱施行手術。另外一種以較少侵入性的方式,來實施腰椎融合術的方法,是透過在身體一側的小切口來對脊柱施行手術。這種手術係被稱為外側腰部介體融合術。
一旦椎間盤於外側腰部介體融合術程序中自身體內移除時,外科醫生典型地會將不同的測試植入物,置入於特定區域的椎體終板之間,以確保植入物的適當尺寸得以維持相鄰椎骨之間的距離。另一個需要考量的重點則是要如何維持腰部椎體之間的自然角度,以因應脊椎之脊柱前凸或是自然彎曲的構形。因此,在選擇用於進行植入的護架時,椎間盤高度和前凸狀況都必須要加以考量。先前技術之融合護架,通常經預先架構成具有能夠容納彼此之脊柱自然曲率的頂面和底面角度。這些數值往往不太可能在手術之前就精確地確定,這是本項手術程序之缺點。一旦預先製備的骨移植物經架構成適當的大小,其通常會在被插置於椎體間之前,就已包裝入護架植入物內。
目前的外側腰部介體融合術護架裝置,通常僅侷限於提供在高度上的擴張功能,但是不提供前凸調整的能力。在進行試誤法以針對於病患之特定幾何構形,來調整介體融合護架之尺寸,並安裝至目標區域時,患者將會承受大量的侵入性佸動。而在達到所需之高度擴張並完成最終調整之後,通常會將骨移植物材料添加並填充至該融合裝置內。
該裝置的一具體實施例包括有一可擴張之殼體,其係由相對之外殼構件所組成。具有外螺旋螺紋之可移動錐狀螺紋元件,係被設置於該殼體內並且可操作地與頂部及底部外殼構件相嚙合,並迫使其等分離而使 得該等殼體在高度上擴張。此一功能允許其得以在就位時,調整相鄰椎骨之間的距離(高度)。該錐狀構件係成雙排設置,因而該等錐狀構件沿著頂部及底部外殼之側部獨立的嚙合使得在該楔形構件移動至不同程度時,導致該殼體的外表面成角度傾斜。此一功能允許調整相鄰椎骨之間的角度關係,並協助調整病人之脊柱的脊柱前凸狀況。當外科醫生使用該裝置的功能在進行外側腰部介體融合術時,該裝置可以提供一種有效的現場調整工具。
該裝置之具體實施例進一步還包含在該殼體內之軌道結構,用於引導該等錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件與該等頂部和底部外殼構件嚙合。在該頂部和該底部外殼構件各別之內表面上,該軌道包含有突起元件,其等可以為該殼體提供側向穩定之互鎖嚙合而處於收縮位置。在該殼體擴張時,該軌道區域提供用於儲存骨移植材料的空間。在一個實施例中,其可以提供設置於殼體周圍之彈性膜,以防止骨移植材料自該護架內滲出,並提供圍繞該護架之壓縮力量,以為該殼體提供結構穩定性。
該裝置之具體實施例更進一步包含有用於操作該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件之驅動軸。該等驅動軸允許外科醫生透過使用一輔助工具來操作該等驅動軸,因而可操作地移動該等錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件控制該殼體擴張以調整頂部和底部外殼構件的角度,用以在現場裝設該介體融合裝置。提供了一鎖止機構,以在輔助工具未嚙合時,以及在以該輔助工具完成操作之後,防止該等驅動 軸轉動。該輔助工具還可以在進行現場調整時,協助將骨移植材料插置於該融合體內。
本發明的具體實施例,在該裝置被安置完成時,可以使外科醫生能夠在對病患進行手術時,在現場擴張融合護架,以及調整融合護架的脊柱前凸角度之能,並且可以在手術現場引入骨移植材料。因此本發明的此具體實施例提供了一種融合護架,其具有幾何變化性以因應每個病人之獨特的脊柱情況。
因此本發明的各種具體實施例提供了一種用於外側腰部介體融合術之介體融合裝置,其結合了高度擴張以調整相鄰椎骨之間的距離之功能,並具備前凸調整以控制椎骨之間的角度關係之功能。本發明的介體融合器之具體實施例還另外提供了儲存容量,用以在現場進行椎間盤高度和脊柱前凸調整時,於該介體護架裝置內容納骨移植材料。
本發明也提供了一裝置,其可以在除了介體融合術應用之外的其他場合中使用。一般地,其可以用來在相鄰元件之間,導入分離的效果,並在該等所應用之元件之間導入可變化的角度關係。
本發明的這些與其他特徵,係在下述的「發明詳述」章節中,進行更詳細的描述。
10‧‧‧介體融合裝置
12‧‧‧殼體
14‧‧‧頂殼
16‧‧‧底殼
18、20‧‧‧台階軌道
22、24、26、28‧‧‧導軌通道
30、32‧‧‧台階軌道
33‧‧‧螺紋
34、36、38、40‧‧‧錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件
42、46‧‧‧驅動軸
44‧‧‧開口
48、50‧‧‧末端
52-60‧‧‧突起
62‧‧‧推力軸承
63‧‧‧環形脊
64‧‧‧頂部
65‧‧‧底部
66‧‧‧圓形部位
67‧‧‧軸頸槽
68‧‧‧銷構件
69‧‧‧孔洞
70‧‧‧安全鎖構件
71‧‧‧圓形構造
73‧‧‧開口
75‧‧‧非窄部位
77‧‧‧壓縮彈簧
78‧‧‧張力彈簧構件
79‧‧‧桿柱
81‧‧‧頭部
100‧‧‧殼體
102、104‧‧‧蝸桿齒輪
106、108‧‧‧驅動軸
200‧‧‧殼體
206、208‧‧‧驅動軸
300‧‧‧操作工具
302‧‧‧把手構件
304‧‧‧齒輪殼體
306、308‧‧‧力矩桿構件
310、312‧‧‧正齒輪構件
314‧‧‧正齒輪操作桿
Dr1、Dr2‧‧‧小直徑
本發明的一實施例係在此參照以下的圖式來加以描述,其中為了強調圖式之清晰,故圖式並不是依比例繪製: 第1圖是由該可擴張之殼體裝置之側面所作的側視圖。
第2圖是該可擴張之殼體之底部部件的立體圖。
第3圖是該可擴張之殼體之底部部件的俯視圖。
第4圖是該可擴張之殼體裝置之俯視平面圖。
第5圖是一個錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件之立體圖。
第5A圖是由該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件的之側面所作的側視圖。
第5B圖是由該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件的之前側所作的側視圖。
第6圖是沿著第1圖的6-6線段所作之該裝置之剖視圖。
第7A-7C圖是該裝置在進行擴張時的一系列側視圖。
第8圖是該裝置的側視圖,用以顯示將該裝置擴張以配合脊柱前凸的效應。
第9A圖是用於驅動軸的推力軸承之立體放大圖。
第9B圖是驅動軸與推力軸承之立體圖。
第9C圖是該驅動軸與推力軸承之囓合區域的截面之俯視平面圖。
第10圖是該殼體在擴張時的側視圖。
第11A圖該是該裝置之另一實施例的俯視平面圖。
第11B圖是該裝置之又另一實施例的俯視平面圖。
第12A圖是以該鎖止機構來使該驅動軸脫離的俯視圖。
第12B圖是以該鎖止機構來使該驅動軸嚙合的俯視圖。
第13A圖是該鎖止機構的立體圖。
第13B圖是以該鎖止機構來使該驅動軸脫離的俯視剖面圖。
第13C圖是以該鎖止機構來使該驅動軸嚙合的俯視剖面圖。
第14圖是沿著第11A圖線段14-14所作的剖視圖。
第15A-C圖是當該裝置在進行擴張時由端部所作之一系列的側視圖,以呈現脊柱前凸效果。
第16圖是該操作工具的立體圖。
第17圖是顯示將該操作工具連接至該裝置的驅動軸的方式。
第18圖是操作工具的把手之部分殼體斷開之立體圖。
第19圖是使把手內的齒輪嚙合以操作兩個驅動軸之立體圖。
第20圖是使把手內的齒輪脫離以操作單一驅動軸之立體圖。
參照圖式,本文之一介體融合裝置係依據本發明之各種實施例,其包括較佳實施例,來描述、顯示、及以其他方式揭露。該介體融合裝置10概要地顯示於第1圖中,其係由具有頂殼14與底殼16之殼體12所構成。整個殼體可以例如具有50毫米的長度以及20毫米的寬度。該殼體材料可以由例如鈦合金(Ti-6AL-4V)、鈷鉻、或聚醚醚酮(PEEK)之適當的材料所構成。其他可以提供足夠的結合完整性,並且係具有適當之生物相容特性之材料,也是適合的。該等殼的內部係組設有沿著其等之側邊緣而設置的級距式台階軌道18和20。如第2圖所示,台階軌道18於接近底殼16的內表面中央開始,且在軌道延伸至底殼16的第一末端時,接續的軌道其於高度上遞增台階。對應地,朝向台階軌道20於接近底殼16的內表面中央開始,且在軌道延伸至底殼16的第二相對末端時,接續的軌道其台階於高度上遞增。如第3圖所示,台階軌道18包括有雙重導軌通道22和24,而台階軌道20則包括有雙重導軌通道26和28。如第4圖所示,對應的台階軌道30和32係被設置在頂殼14上。如第1圖所示,當該頂殼14係處於緊鄰至底殼16而該裝置在完全緊閉的狀態時,台階軌道18係與台階軌道30互為嚙合,而台階軌道20則係與台階軌道32互為嚙合。
各個軌道通道包含有一系列的突起或是軌道台階,其等係相互隔開以容納錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件。該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件提供一楔作用,以將頂殼和底殼分離,藉此增加該殼體的高度,並完成放置在該裝置內的該等椎體之間的擴張。如第4圖所示,導軌通道22容納錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34,導軌通道24容納錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36,導軌通道26容納錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件38,及導軌通道28容納錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件40。導軌通道22係與導軌通道26共線對齊,因而錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34和38在各自的導軌通道內的行進,係於共線對齊的情況下產生。該等錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34和38的螺紋方向係彼此相反,因而其等之旋轉導致在彼此相反的方向上移動。如第4圖所示,驅動軸42係沿著導軌通道22和26共線的跨距間延伸,並穿過錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34和38。軸42具有方形截面構形,以嚙合錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件並將其轉動。如第5圖所示,該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件的中心軸向開口44,係設置成可收容並嚙合軸42。該軸42可以選擇地包括任何形狀,例如六角形以有效地產成一栓槽,並且中央軸向開口44可包括有對應構形用於接受該形狀。當軸42的末端48以順時針方向旋轉時,錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34和38將被轉動,而其等各自的螺紋方向使得該等螺紋構件,各別地沿著導軌通道22和導軌通道26彼此分離地行進。對應地,當軸42由其之末端48以逆時針方向旋轉時,錐形外螺紋構件34和38便會使得該等螺紋構件,各別地沿著導軌通道22和導軌通道26朝向彼此行進。
同樣地,導軌通道24係與導軌通道26共線對齊,因而錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36和40在各自的導軌通道內的行進,係於該共線對齊的狀況下產生。該等錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36和40的螺紋方向係彼此相反,因而其等之旋轉導致在彼此相反方向上移動。此外,驅動軸46係穿過並與錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36和40嚙合。然而,錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36和40的方向,係與錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34和38的方向互為倒置。在此種方向之下,當軸46由其末端50以逆時針方向旋轉時,錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36和40將被轉動,而其等各自的螺紋方向會使得該等螺紋構件,各別地沿著導軌通道24和導軌通道28彼此分離地行進。對應地,當軸46由其之末端50以順時針方向旋轉時,便會使錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36和40,沿著導軌通道22和導軌通道26相向地行進。
如第2圖所示,該台階軌道係架構成具有遞增高度之級距式系列的突起。舉例來說,在每個導軌通道具有如第2圖中之台階軌道18之突起52-60。在錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件的螺紋行進進入突起52和54之間的間隙時,錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件本體在殼體12內部之位置高度,係由突起52和54所支撐故會增加。在錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件繼續沿導軌通道行進時,其之螺紋將會從突起52和54之間的間隙通過,並進入突起54和56之間的間隙,其便會因為突起54和56的支撐,而在殼體12內部進一步將該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件之本體推高。在錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件繼續沿著其餘的台階突起58和60行進時,其之位置高度便會更進一步增加。隨著該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件的位置高度增加,其將會如第7A-7C圖之系列圖所示,迫使頂殼14與底殼16相離。轉動該等錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件以使其等各自朝向導軌通道的外端運動之組合效果,如第7圖所示,使得殼體12擴張。在第10圖中顯示了完全擴張之外殼。透過反轉該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件,使得其等沿各自的導軌通道朝向殼體的中央移動,該殼體12即可收縮。在本實施例中,該殼體提供了最佳的擴張和收縮作用,因而賦予該植入物裝置在大約7.8毫米至16.15毫米範圍內之高度。本發明的此一具體實施例的裝置,可被用來提供不同的擴張尺寸。
在每一共線雙重導軌通道中之各對錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件,都可以獨立於平行之共線雙重導軌通道中之錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件而旋轉。在這種架構下,該殼體在每個共線雙重導軌通道中之該部分的擴張程度可以加以改變以調整該裝置之脊柱前凸效果。如在第8圖中所顯示的具體例,錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36和40,係分別沿著導軌通道24與導軌通道28到達特定的距離,致使該頂殼14與底殼16分離,因而殼體12擴張。錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34和38分別沿著平行之導軌通道22和26到達較短的距離處,致使在導軌通道22和26之該處之該頂殼14與底殼16分離程度較少。第15A-15C圖系列顯示在錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36和40進一步增加增量彼此擴張分離程度下的效果,其中該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34和38仍彼此維持相同之相對距離。
在第15A圖中,錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36-40在各自的軌道上之各自的位置,與錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34-38的位置大致相同。在這位置下,頂殼14基本上係與底殼16平行。在第15B圖中,錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36-40沿著其之導軌通道進一步朝向遠端分離,但錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34-38則仍然維持在第15A圖中之相同位置上。在此一位置情況下,沿著頂殼14之側向邊緣行進之該等錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36和40,將會相對於沿著頂殼14之側向邊緣行進之該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34和38移動得更高,因而相對於底殼16形成傾斜的頂殼14。在第15C圖中,錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件36-40沿著其導軌通道,相對於錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件34-38更進一步朝向遠端分離,致相對於底殼16形成更為傾斜的頂殼14。透過各別的錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件組之獨立移動,該裝置可以在本具體實施例中達成0°~35°的脊柱前凸效果。本發明之此一具體實施例的裝置,可以被適用於提供不同的脊柱前凸傾斜尺寸。
如第5圖中所示該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件之構形包含有一本體輪廓,該本體輪廓具有從Dr1漸增至Dr2的小直徑。螺紋33具有一間距,其可以與如第4圖所示之在導軌通道中的突起元件52-60之間的間隔相搭配。螺紋33可具有方形輪廓,以配合在該等突起之間的構形,但是如適當也可以採用其他螺紋外形。如上文所述,該外螺旋螺紋構件的漸增直徑與錐狀外形可使頂殼14和底殼16移動分開。突起52-60的頂部係與外螺旋螺紋構件之較小的直徑接觸。
推力軸承係被設置用來限制在殼體12內之該驅動軸的軸向運動。如第9A圖所示,推力軸承62包含有一兩件式軛部構形,其等約在驅動軸的末端配對並壓合在一起。該推力軸承軛部的頂部64界定有用於收納驅動軸末端之圓形部位66的開口。在第9C圖中,正方形之驅動軸42的圓形部位66其直徑小於該軸之正方形部位。該推力軸承的底部65會與頂部64嚙合,而環繞驅動軸42的圓形部位66。在頂部64與底部65中之銷元件68,會與底部中之對應孔洞69嚙合,以在該軸的周圍提供該推力軸承壓入配合。在推力軸承62上也可以提供軸頸槽67。驅動軸42可以如第9C圖所示,在其之圓形部位66上具有可被收容於軸頸槽67內之環形脊63。止推軸承可以如第9B圖所示,被設置在驅動軸之每一末端上。如第6圖所示,推力軸承可以侷限驅動軸在殼體內之軸向運動。
在該裝置的近端提供有一安全鎖,用以防止該等驅動軸之意外轉動。如第12A和12B圖所示,安全鎖構件70係被用來與驅動軸42和46之近端嚙合。在安全鎖構件70中之開口73係被架構成驅動軸之截面構形(參見第13A圖)。該驅動軸的一部位係作成窄的、圓形的構造71,因而驅動軸的該圓形部位與安全鎖構件的開口73對齊(參照第圖13C)時,驅動軸可自由轉動。第12B圖顯示安全鎖構件70、推力軸承62、和驅動軸42和46之間的此種關係。在將驅動軸的非窄的部位75置放成與安全鎖構件之開口73對齊時,那麼驅動軸的旋轉將會被 阻止(參見第13B圖)。第12A圖則顯示安全鎖構件70、推力軸承62、和驅動軸42和46之間的此種關係。在推力軸承62和安全鎖構件70之間可以設置一壓縮彈簧77,以迫使安全鎖構件回到傳動軸的矩形部位75上。第12B圖顯示在安全鎖構件70被推向前而離開對齊矩形部位75,但對齊軸42和46的圓形的部位71時的解鎖狀態。桿柱79被設置在安全鎖構件70與推力軸承62之間,且壓縮彈簧77則定位於其上。桿柱79被固定連接至安全鎖構件70,並且在推力軸承62上提供一開口,桿柱79即可滑動地通過該開口。桿柱79上設置有頭部81,以侷限安全鎖構件70以免被彈簧77的壓縮力量向後移動。
錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件與台階軌道構件的互動,將基於動力螺釘理論而促成自鎖作用。在考量促進錐狀螺紋構件之自鎖作用方面的變數時,某些因素是相關的。明確地說,這些因素包括所使用之材料(例如等級5的Ti-6Al-4V)的摩擦係數、螺旋螺紋的螺距長度、以及錐狀構件的平均直徑。以下等式說明在確認錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件是否可以在其沿著該等台階軌道移進時產生自鎖作用,這些因素之間的關係:
上述公式確定施加至與該等錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件嚙合之該等驅動軸所必需之力矩以擴張該等殼構件。此力矩係依該等錐外螺旋螺紋構件的平均直徑、相 鄰椎體所施加的負載(F)、工作材料的摩擦係數(f)、以及該螺紋的導程距離(l)或螺距(在此實施例中)而定。所有的這些因素決定了所需之操作力矩,以便將旋轉運動轉換為線性舉升而將該等殼構件分離以達成擴張與前凸效果。
下列等式說明與使錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件反轉而自該軌道上退回所需之力矩相關的各因素之間的關係:
在這個公式中,使錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件降低所需之力矩(TL)必須為正值。當(TL)的數值為零或正值時,錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件便會在台階軌道內達成自鎖作用。如果(TL)的值落至負值,則錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件便不會在台階軌道內維持自鎖作用。會促成自鎖作用失效的因素,包括有來自於椎體的壓縮負載、螺紋的螺距與平均直徑不夠大、以及材料的摩擦係數不足。產生自鎖作用的條件係如下所示:πfd m >l
在這種條件下,需要選擇錐狀構件有足夠的平均直徑尺寸連同產品材料比在此一特定應用中之導程距離或螺距大的倍數之適當組合,以使得該錐狀構件可以在台階軌道內產生自鎖作用。基於患者側躺之平均 值,腰部椎體之剖面積大約為2239平方毫米,及在該區域中之軸向壓縮力為86.35牛頓。將工作材料選定為Ti-6Al-4V,則用來擴張位於脊柱L4-L5之間的殼體12之操作力矩約為1.312磅-英吋(0.148牛頓米),而用於縮合位於脊柱L4-L5之間的殼體12之操作力矩則約為0.264磅-英吋(0.029牛頓米)。
可擴張之殼體的另外的實施例可提供了不同的手術方法。第11A圖顯示殼體100,其係用在外科醫生是從患者的前側來接近腰部的情況中。此一實施例的導軌通道之概要構形,係與裝置10的構形類似,但是用於移動錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件的驅動軸則是以垂直的方式來施加力矩。針對這一點,如第14圖中所示,成對之蝸桿齒輪102和104分別將力矩傳遞至驅動軸106和108。
第11B圖顯示殼體200,其係用在外科醫生是從患者的脊椎間孔來接近腰部的場合。用於此實施例的導軌通道之概要構形,也與裝置10的構形相類似,但是力矩卻是以偏移的方式施加至驅動軸。針對這一點,成組之斜齒輪(未顯示)可用來將力矩傳遞至驅動軸206和208。
在殼體12之表面和內部區域中設有數個凹處與開放區,用來儲存骨移植材料。在該級距式台階軌道的突起之間的間隙空間,也可以提供用來容納骨移植材料的區域。可用膜作為輔助來圍繞著外殼12,以協助保持對頂殼和底殼的壓縮,並維持骨移植材料。如第10圖中所示,可以張力彈簧元件78將頂部構件14和底部 構件16維持在一起。這些彈簧元件也以可用來提供反抗該介體融合裝置在相反於擴張方向之初始張力。這允許該錐狀外螺旋螺紋構件,在外殼和椎體之間尚未接觸的情況下,仍可以爬上這些突起。
因此,本發明的介體融合裝置之此具體實施例能夠擴張以提供在椎體之間的支持,並順應承載在該區域上之負載。此外,本發明的介體融合裝置能夠達成一種可以為患部提供適當的前凸傾斜之構形。因此,該裝置提供一種關於患者專用之椎間盤高度調整之顯著改良。
本裝置提供了一種在病患的脊柱中進行現場調整時用於操作該介體融合裝置之工具。該操作工具300概要地顯示於第16圖,其包含有把手構件302、齒輪殼體304以及力矩桿構件306和308。該等力矩桿構件連接至可擴張之殼體12的驅動軸。用於將該等力矩桿構件連接至可擴張之殼體12的驅動軸的具體實施例,係顯示於第17圖中。在這種結構中,驅動軸42和46之末端48和50設置一六角形頭部。力矩桿構件306和308的末端可設置具有對應形狀之接收部,以夾持端部48和50。
在該齒輪殼體304內部,把手構件302直接驅動力矩桿構件308。力矩桿構件308設置有正齒輪構件310,而力矩桿構件306則設置有正齒輪構件312。正齒輪312係可滑動地收容於力矩桿構件306上,並且可以進入或退出與正齒輪310之嚙合。正齒輪操作桿314 係與正齒輪312嚙合,以將正齒輪312移動而進入或退出與正齒輪310之嚙合。在力矩桿構件308藉由把手302而旋轉,且正齒輪312與正齒輪310嚙合時,該旋轉就會被轉換至力矩桿構件306上。在這種情況下,力矩桿構件308轉動驅動軸46,同時力矩桿構件306則會轉動驅動軸42,以產生殼體12的擴張,如第7A-7C圖所示。如第20圖所示,正齒輪312可透過縮回正齒輪操作桿314,退出與正齒輪310的嚙合。在正齒輪312退出與正齒輪310的嚙合時,把手302的旋轉只會轉動力矩桿構件310。在這種情況下,力矩桿構件308僅會轉動驅動軸46,而驅動軸42則會維持不動,如第8圖和第15A-15C圖所示,將殼體12之頂部構件傾斜而達成前凸效果。
為了要達到在所描述之具體實施例中該裝置之擴張,操作者可順時針轉動把手構件302以施加力矩。然後,所施加之力矩,會與由正齒輪構件310和312所組成之複合回歸正齒輪系列嚙合。然後,此一系列的齒輪會以彼此相反的方向來旋轉力矩桿構件306和308。力矩桿構件310(其係與把手構件302對準)將會順時針(向右)旋轉,而力矩桿構件306則會逆時針(向左)旋轉。然後,該等力矩桿構件將轉動介體融合裝置10的驅動軸,而將其擴張至所需的高度。
為了達成前凸效果,操作者將正齒輪操作桿314朝向把手構件302後移。藉著如此操作,與力矩桿構件306連接之正齒輪312將會與整個齒輪系列脫離,因此連帶地使得力矩桿構件306脫離。結果,力矩桿構 件308將會是唯一與介體融合裝置10嚙合者。這允許操作者將植入物裝置的後側縮回,以產生所需之前凸程度。
雖然本發明已經以各種特定具體實施例來進行揭露,但應該要理解其在此可以採用並以等效物進行替換,而仍然不會脫離本發明之範圍。
在如此描述了本發明之較佳實施例之後,本案所主張之新穎並欲以專利保護之技術,係如後所述。

Claims (16)

  1. 一種用來設置於椎體之間的脊柱植入物裝置,該裝置包含有:一可擴張之外殼;至少一個楔形構件;以及至少一個驅動軸;該可擴張之外殼包含有彼此分離之一頂部構件與一底部構件,至少該底部構件係具有用於容納該楔形構件之軌道,該驅動軸係可操作地與該楔形構件嚙合,以沿著該軌道來移動該楔形構件,該楔形構件係與該頂部構件和該底部構件嚙合,藉此該頂部構件與該底部構件因應於該楔形構件沿著該軌道的運動而相對移動,以造成該外殼之擴張,該軌道進一步允許該外殼藉著反轉該楔形構件之移動而自擴張縮合,該軌道包括有複數個突起構件,各個的突起構件之高度係沿著該軌道而漸增,藉此該楔形構件會使得該頂部構件與該底部構件,在該楔形構件沿著該等突起構件之漸增高度而移動時,彼此分離移動至更大的程度,該楔形構件包含有一具有外螺旋螺紋的錐狀構形,該楔形構件的螺紋係被容納於該等突起構件之間的間隙內,以沿著該軌道而導引該楔形構件,該楔形構件的小直徑係與該等突起構件的頂緣相嚙合。
  2. 如請求項1的脊柱植入物裝置,其中在該頂部構件中之該等突起構件的位置,係與該底部構件中之該等突起構件的位置偏移,藉此該外殼的該頂部構件和該底部構件中之該等突起構件的一部分,將在密閉嚙合時彼此相鄰地並重疊地設置。
  3. 如請求項1的脊柱植入物裝置,其中該軌道係被設置成在該楔形構件沿著該軌道行進時,可以增加該楔形構件在該外殼內,沿著該底部構件的位置高度,藉此該楔形構件推動該頂部構件,以將該外殼擴張。
  4. 一種用來設置於椎體之間的脊柱植入物裝置,該裝置包含有:一可擴張之外殼;複數個楔形構件;以及一對驅動軸;該可擴張之外殼包含有彼此分離之一頂部構件與一底部構件,該頂部構件與該底部構件之每一者都具有用於容納該等楔形構件之軌道,該等驅動軸係可操作地與該等楔形構件嚙合,以沿著該軌道來移動該等楔形構件,一第一導軌通道係被設置在該外殼的第一側向區域,而一第二導軌通道則係被設置在該外殼的第二側向區域,一第一驅動軸係被設置在該第一導軌通道內,而一第二驅動軸則係被設置在該第二導軌通道內,該第一驅動軸與該第二驅動軸是可彼此獨立地操作,該楔形構件係與該頂部構件與該底部構件嚙合,藉此該頂部構件與該底部構件,因應於該楔形構件沿著該軌道的運動,而相對移動以造成該外殼擴張,在各別的楔形構件分別沿著軌道移動至不同位置時,該外殼的第一側向區域的擴張程度,係可以相對於該外殼的第二側向區域的擴張程度而調整,該軌道進一步允許該外殼藉著反轉該楔形構件之移動而自擴張縮合,該軌道包括有複數個突起構件,各個的突起構件之高度係沿著該軌道而漸增,藉此該等楔形構件使得該頂部構件與該底部構件,在該等楔形構件沿著該等高度漸增之突起構件而移動時,彼此移動分離至較大的程度,該等楔形構件包含有一具有外螺旋螺紋的錐狀構形,該等楔形構件的螺紋係被容納於該等突起構件之間的間隙內,以沿著該軌道而導引該楔形構件,該楔形構件的小直徑係與該等突起構件的頂端邊緣相嚙合。
  5. 如請求項4的脊柱植入物裝置,其中在該頂部構件中之該等突起構件的位置,係與該底部構件中之該等突起構件的位置偏移,藉此該外殼的該頂部構件和該底部構件中之該等突起構件的一部分,將在密閉嚙合時彼此相鄰地並重疊地設置。
  6. 如請求項4的脊椎植入物裝置,其中該軌道包含有一對導軌通道,一第一導軌通道設置於該外殼的該第一側向區域,而一第二導軌通道設置於該外殼的該第二側向區域,每個導軌通道具有一第一與第二系列之突起構件,每一系列的突起構件具有自該導軌通道的中央部位朝向遠端延伸之遞增高度的突起構件,一對楔形構件係被收容於每個導軌通道內,並且與一驅動軸嚙合,該對楔形構件係被設置成使得該對楔形構件之第一楔形構件的螺旋方向,是與該對楔形構件之第二楔形構件的螺旋方向相反,藉此該對楔形構件之該等第一及第二楔形構件,在與該等楔形構件連接的驅動軸轉動時,在該導軌通道以彼此相反的方向移動。
  7. 如請求項6的脊椎植入物裝置,其中在該第一導軌通道內之該對楔形構件,係可獨立於在該第二導軌通道內之該對楔形構件來操作,藉此該外殼的該第一側向區域係可獨立於該外殼的該第二側向區域而擴張,以導致該外殼的頂部構件之角度傾斜。
  8. 如請求項6的脊椎植入物裝置,其中一鎖止構件係與該等驅動軸嚙合,以選擇性地阻止該等驅動軸之旋轉。
  9. 一種用來設置於椎體之間的脊柱植入物裝置,該裝置包含有:一可擴張之外殼;複數個楔形構件;一對驅動軸;以及一操作工具;該可擴張之外殼包含有彼此分離之一頂部構件與一底部構件,該頂部構件與該底部構件之每一者具有用於容納該等楔形構件之軌道,該等驅動軸係可操作地與該等楔形構件嚙合,以沿著該軌道來移動該楔形構件,該操作工具係可操作地與該驅動軸嚙合,以控制該等楔形構件的移動,該等楔形構件係與該頂部構件和該底部構件嚙合,藉此該頂部構件與該底部構件因應於該等楔形構件沿著該軌道的移動而相對移動以造成該外殼擴張,該軌道係進一步允許該外殼藉著反轉該楔形構件之移動而自擴張縮合,該軌道包括有複數個突起構件,各個的突起構件之高度係沿著該軌道而漸增,藉此該等楔形構件使得該頂部構件與該底部構件,在該等楔形構件沿著高度漸增之該等突起構件移動時,彼此移動分離至較大的程度,該等楔形構件包含有一具有外螺旋螺紋的錐狀構形,該楔形構件的螺紋係被容納於該等突起構件之間的間隙內,以沿著該軌道而導引該楔形構件,該楔形構件的小直徑係與該突起構件的頂端邊緣相嚙合。
  10. 如請求項9的脊柱植入物裝置,其中在該頂部構件中之該等突起構件的位置,係與該底部構件中之該等突起構件的位置偏移,藉此該外殼的該頂部構件和該底部構件中之該等突起構件的一部分,將在密閉嚙合時彼此相鄰地並重疊地設置。
  11. 如請求項9的脊柱植入物裝置,其中一第一導軌通道係設置於該外殼的一第一側向區域,而一第二導軌通道則係設置於該外殼的一第二側向區域,一第一驅動軸被設置在該第一導軌通道內,而一第二驅動軸被設置在該第二導軌通道內,該第一驅動軸和該第二驅動軸可彼此獨立地操作,在該操作工具可在兩個驅動軸都可操作地與該操作工具嚙合的第一情況以及只有該第一驅動軸係可操作地與該操作工具嚙合的第二情況之間,選擇性地嚙合,在該操作工具在與驅動軸嚙合之第二情況下進行操作,使各別的該等楔形構件沿著該軌道而移動到各別不同的位置時,該外殼的該第一側向區域之擴張程度,可相對於該外殼的該第二側向區域之擴張程度獨立地進行調整。
  12. 如請求項9的脊椎植入物裝置,其中該軌道包含有一對導軌通道,一第一導軌通道設置於該外殼的一第一側向區域上,而一第二導軌通道則係設置於該外殼的一第二側向區域,每個導軌通道具有一第一與第二系列之突起構件,每一系列的突起構件具有自該導軌通道的中央部位朝向遠端延伸之遞增高度的突起構件,一對楔形構件係被收容於每個導軌通道,並且與一驅動軸嚙合,該對楔形構件係被設置成使得該對楔形構件之第一楔形構件的螺旋方向,是與該對楔形構件之第二楔形構件的螺旋方向相反,藉此該對楔形構件之該等第一及第二楔形構件,在與該等楔形構件連接的驅動軸轉動時,在該導軌通道以彼此相反的方向移動。
  13. 如請求項12的脊柱植入裝置,其中在該第一導軌通道內之該對楔形構件,係可獨立於在該第二導軌通道內之該對楔形構件來操作,藉此該外殼的該第一側向區域,係可獨立於該外殼的該第二側向區域而擴張,以導致該外殼的頂部構件之角度傾斜。
  14. 如請求項12的脊柱植入裝置,其中一鎖止構件係與該驅動軸嚙合,以選擇性地阻止該驅動軸旋轉。
  15. 如請求項11的脊柱植入物裝置,其中該操作工具包含有一第一和一第二扭力軸,用於與該第一和該第二驅動軸各別地操作嚙合,該操作工具具有一把手構件,其係可操作地連接至該第一扭力軸,該第一和該第二扭力軸係藉由齒輪構件而可操作地連接,藉此在該等齒輪構件嚙合時,由該把手構件轉動該第一扭力軸而導致該第二扭力軸的旋轉。
  16. 如請求項15的脊柱植入物裝置,其中齒輪構件係被選擇性地脫離,藉此僅有第一扭力軸會在操作工具運作時旋轉。
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