TWI654157B - 含有ｅｄｔａ之金屬錯合物之建基於石膏的材料 - Google Patents

含有ｅｄｔａ之金屬錯合物之建基於石膏的材料

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TWI654157B
TWI654157B TW103146076A TW103146076A TWI654157B TW I654157 B TWI654157 B TW I654157B TW 103146076 A TW103146076 A TW 103146076A TW 103146076 A TW103146076 A TW 103146076A TW I654157 B TWI654157 B TW I654157B
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gypsum
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edta
metal complex
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卡塔齊娜 胡達
卡洛琳 蒂瑪洛
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聖戈本建材公司
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Abstract

本發明係關於一種含有EDTA之金屬錯合物之建基於石膏的材料，尤其是意圖用於住宅之室內裝修的石膏板。
本發明也關於該材料之用途，其用於降低在住宅、辦公室或公共建築物之內部空氣中所存在之揮發性有機化合物的量。

Description

含有EDTA之金屬錯合物之建基於石膏的材料
本發明係關於一種能降低在周圍空氣中揮發性有機化合物之量的建基於石膏的材料，尤其是意圖用於住宅之室內裝修的石膏板。
極多樣的複合材料係用在一般建築物，尤其是住宅或辦公室或公共建築物(博物館、電影院、音樂廳等)之構造和設備的領域中。某些這些材料諸如隔音及/或隔熱材料、木板、及裝飾和家具元件使用建基於含有或隨時間釋出揮發性有機化合物之樹脂的黏著劑、塗料及清漆。這些化合物係在周圍空氣中發現，且雖然顯示其量是低的，彼可能有長期使用的麻煩或甚至損害曝於這些化合物之個人的健康。
近年來，在上述樹脂中之揮發性有機化合物的比例已因更嚴苛之規定而大幅提高。然而，以其他不含有機化合物之樹脂取代這些樹脂的企圖尚無效益，因為所建議之替代用樹脂更昂貴且所得產物具有更低之性能品質。
本發明之目的是要降低建築物(尤其是作為住宅或辦公室之建築物及公用建築物)內部的揮發性有機化合物的含量，以改良周遭空氣的品質。所針對之揮發性有機化合物更特別是醛類、酮類和芳香族化合物。
為達到此目的，本發明建議一種含有伸乙二胺四乙酸之金屬錯合物(在下文中稱為"EDTA之金屬錯合物")建基於石膏之材料，尤其是石膏板。
本發明之另一主題關於該建基於石膏之材料之用途，其用於降低建築物內部之空氣中的揮發性有機化合物(尤其是醛類、酮類及芳香族化合物)的量。
在本專利申請案中，該術語"揮發性有機化合物"指明一種在293.15K之溫度下具有至少等於0.01kPa之蒸氣壓而含有碳和下列元素之至少一者的化合物：氫、鹵素、氧、硫、磷、矽和氮，但排除氧化碳類及礦物碳酸鹽及碳酸氫鹽。本發明最特別針對之揮發性有機化合物是含有碳、氫及氧的化合物，尤其是芳香族化合物和酮類。
在依照本發明之EDTA的金屬錯合物中，該金屬較佳選自鈉、鉀、鈣、鈰、鐵、銅和鋅，且有利地是鋅。
待使用之EDTA的金屬錯合物的總量一般範圍是每100重量份之石膏0.0001至40重量份，較佳是0.001至10份且有利地是0.05至5份。
該建基於石膏之材料也可含有改良成品之物理化學性質且提供良好製造及應用條件的添加劑。該材料因此可包含下列之以每100重量份之石膏表示之重量比例的下列添加劑：
- 0.1至15份之黏合劑，例如澱粉(尤其是以酸預處理的)、糊精或植物性榖粉(尤其是小麥或玉米穀粉)，其功能是要增加該紙塗層與該石膏之黏合性，
- 0.001至10份之凝結加速劑，例如水合的硫酸鈣或硫酸鉀，
- 0至10份之殺生物劑，例如歐馬啶鈉(sodium omadine)，
- 0.0001至1份之發泡劑，其角色是要產生孔洞以降低該成品(尤其是石膏板)之密度，尤其是石膏板之密度。可提及之實例是硫酸月桂酯鈉。
- 0至10份之至少一種防水劑，例如矽氧烷或聚矽氧烷，
- 0至20份之至少一種阻燃劑，例如蛭石、矽石(尤其是具有微米尺寸者)、黏土或金屬纖維，
- 0至20份之至少一種增強物，例如聚合物纖維、礦物纖維(尤其是玻璃纖維)及動物性或植物性纖維，
- 0至20份之能捕捉甲醛之劑，例如乙醯乙醯胺、己二酸二醯肼及蛋白質，
- 0至20份之具有高比表面積的材料，例如活性炭或沸石。
石膏平板(尤其是石膏板)之製造本質上是已知的。
雖然本發明係特別地關於石膏平板以被描述，彼不限於此類型之材料且包括不管是任何形式之建基於石膏的材料(粉末、熬油、灰泥、膠泥、磁磚)。
該石膏板係藉由一種連續方法形成，該形成方法係由混合粉末狀燒石膏(硫酸鈣半水合物)與水以形成連續沉積在二紙片之間的膏體所組成。壓製所形成之產物以獲得所要之厚度，然後在輸送器上將彼連續輸送過一段距離，以允許該膏體到達某一硬化水平而足能裁切成具有特定長度之板。然後該等板在爐中乾燥以移出多餘水分。
照慣例，該膏體之粉末成分包含硫酸鈣半水合物(CaSO4‧0.5H2O；燒石膏)及上述之隨意的添加劑。該燒石膏在水之存在下進行水合反應且轉變成硫酸鈣二水合物(CaSO4‧2H2O：石膏)。
用以形成該膏體之燒石膏的量根據待製造之平板本質而改變，通常每100重量份之水是40至150重量份，較佳是60至120重量份。
該板之厚度可在廣範圍內變化，例如6至25毫米。
EDTA之金屬錯合物可用不同方式導入該石膏板中。
根據第一較佳具體例，EDTA之金屬錯合物在沉積於二紙片之間前被添加至該燒石膏膏體中。
在膏體製造期間(例如藉由同時或順序將該燒石膏和上述化合物導入水中)或在已獲得該膏體之後，進行EDTA之金屬錯合物的添加。各成分之同時添加是有利 的，因為更容易進行。
此具體例提供EDTA之金屬錯合物在該膏體中的均勻分布。根據第二具體例，一層低厚度(通常小於2毫米且較佳小於1毫米)之含EDTA之金屬錯合物的燒石膏膏體係沉積在第一紙片上(下方)，接著是該燒石膏膏體，且最後是第二紙片(上方)。含有EDTA之金屬錯合物的膏體的施加可經由精於此技藝之人士所知之任何措施(例如經由滾筒塗覆技術)來進行。此進行方式使EDTA之金屬錯合物可能施加至該石膏板之一面且僅施加至一部分之厚度。
根據第三具體例，將EDTA之金屬錯合物添加至該等紙片中或該等紙片上以作為塗層。該添加可在該紙製造期間進行，例如在纖維素纖維之懸浮液中或在例如藉由噴霧在該紙片之至少一面上。
根據本發明之該建基於石膏的材料形式可以是粉末(石膏、煉油、灰泥)、膏體(膠泥、指向(pointing)材料)、磁磚或石膏平板。更特別與該石膏平板相關地，彼可以是裸板(bare board)或在其至少一面上以紙片塗覆之板、包含穿孔之音響平板(acoustic panel)、石膏和礦物絲團或木質之平板、以纖維或織物強化的板。
根據本發明之建基於石膏的材料係可用在牆壁、天花板及地板上，尤其是用於塗覆或指向石膏或膠合劑平板，或與平板相關地，用於形成飾面、隔板及吊頂。
在建築物內部之住宅位置、公共位置或工作位置上之 該建基於石膏的材料的使用使可能降低在大氣中所存在之揮發性有機化合物的量而因此發現是更健康的。
下列實例說明本發明，然而不限於此。
實例1
a)該建基於石膏之材料的製造
將995克之硫酸鈣半水合物、5.2克之澱粉、0.1克之磨碎的石膏(gypsum)、1.2克之鋅-EDTA錯合物(由Synthron公司所售)及850克之水置於混合器中。
將該混合物攪拌60秒以獲得膏體。
將該膏體倒入內面具有紙片襯底之玻璃模中(250毫米×200毫米)，然後將經切成該模尺寸之第二紙片施加在該膏體上。
在凝結成固體後，該石膏板由該模移出。然後，彼在其空氣以水飽和的爐中，在下列條件下乾燥：在180℃下直至移出80%之水，在100℃下直至移出95%之水且在40℃下24小時。
該板被包裹在抗紫外線之氣密袋中。
為供比較用目的，不含任何鋅-EDTA之錯合物之板(比較用實例)係在相同條件下製備。
b)用於捕獲揮發性有機化合物之容量
用於捕獲揮發性有機化合物(乙醛、丙酮及苯)之容量的測量係在氣密試驗室中進行。
將該石膏板(100毫米×20毫米；125克)置於該試驗室中，然後將該室氣密式封閉。使含有20ppb之待試驗的該揮發性有機化合物的連續空氣流(相對溼度：50%)以250毫升/分鐘之速率在該室中循環。
揮發性有機化合物之量的測量係使用配備1Tesla磁鐵的FTICR(富立葉轉換離子迴旋加速器共振)質譜儀以即時進行。該測量原則係如下：使用由聚二甲基矽氧烷(PDMS)製成之半多孔性平膜，其係作為在該室出口之壓力(大氣壓力)與該質譜儀之真空之間的阻障物。在該膜任一面上之壓力差和該膜之半多孔性質是要使該揮發性有機化合物比在該經注入之空氣中所含之其他分子(氧、氮、氬、二氧化碳及水)更快速地移動越過該膜。這使得濃縮揮發性有機化合物且因此使該質譜儀有更大的偵測敏銳度。
在下表中所給之結果對應於由相同石膏板之一組三個樣品所確立的平均值。該表指明以下之揮發性有機化合物之含量的百分比降低。

Claims (18)

  1. 一種建基於石膏的材料，其特徵在於彼含有EDTA之鋅錯合物。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的材料，其中該EDTA之金屬錯合物的總量範圍是每100重量份石膏0.0001至40重量份。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項的材料，其中該EDTA之金屬錯合物的總量範圍是0.001至10重量份。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項的材料，其中該EDTA之金屬錯合物的總量範圍是0.05至5重量份。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項的材料，其也包含下列之以每100重量份之石膏表示之重量比例的下列添加劑：- 0.1至15份之黏合劑，- 0.001至10份之凝結加速劑，- 0至10份之殺生物劑，- 0.0001至1份之發泡劑，- 0至10份之至少一種防水劑，- 0至20份之至少一種阻燃劑，- 0至20份之至少一種增強物，- 0至20份之能捕捉甲醛之劑，- 0至20份之具有高比表面積的材料。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第5項的材料，其中該黏合劑係選自澱粉、以酸預處理的澱粉、糊精或植物性榖粉。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第5項的材料，其中該凝結加速劑係選自水合的硫酸鈣或硫酸鉀。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第5項的材料，其中該殺生物劑係歐馬啶鈉(sodium omadine)。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第5項的材料，其中該發泡劑係硫酸月桂酯鈉。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第5項的材料，其中該防水劑係選自矽氧烷或聚矽氧烷。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第5項的材料，其中該阻燃劑係選自蛭石、矽石、黏土。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第5項的材料，其中該增強物係選自聚合物纖維、礦物纖維及動物性或植物性纖維。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第5項的材料，其中該能捕捉甲醛之劑係選自乙醯乙醯胺、己二酸二醯肼及蛋白質。
  14. 如申請專利範圍第5項的材料，其中該具有高比表面積的材料係選自活性炭或沸石。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項的材料，其是粉末、膏體或石膏平板形式。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第15項的材料，其是石膏板。
  17. 一種如申請專利範圍第1至16項中任一項的材料之用途，其用於降低建築物內部空氣中的揮發性有機化合物的量。
  18. 如申請專利範圍第17項之用途，其中該揮發性有機化合物是芳香族化合物及酮類。
TW103146076A 2014-01-03 2014-12-29 含有ｅｄｔａ之金屬錯合物之建基於石膏的材料 TWI654157B (zh)

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