TWI644570B - 多重半色調成像以及雙重調變投影/雙重調變雷射投影 - Google Patents

多重半色調成像以及雙重調變投影/雙重調變雷射投影 Download PDF

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TWI644570B
TWI644570B TW103114027A TW103114027A TWI644570B TW I644570 B TWI644570 B TW I644570B TW 103114027 A TW103114027 A TW 103114027A TW 103114027 A TW103114027 A TW 103114027A TW I644570 B TWI644570 B TW I644570B
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馬丁 理查德
傑諾米 席爾茲
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杜比實驗室特許公司
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    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/04Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of a single character by selection from a plurality of characters, or by composing the character by combination of individual elements, e.g. segments using a combination of such display devices for composing words, rows or the like, in a frame with fixed character positions
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/2007Display of intermediate tones
    • G09G3/2018Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
    • G09G3/2022Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames
    • G09G3/2033Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames with splitting one or more sub-frames corresponding to the most significant bits into two or more sub-frames
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/3433Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
    • G09G3/346Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on modulation of the reflection angle, e.g. micromirrors
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N9/00Details of colour television systems
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04N9/3141Constructional details thereof
    • H04N9/315Modulator illumination systems
    • H04N9/3155Modulator illumination systems for controlling the light source
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3141Constructional details thereof
    • H04N9/315Modulator illumination systems
    • H04N9/3161Modulator illumination systems using laser light sources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00Details of colour television systems
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    • H04N9/31Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
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    • H04N9/3164Modulator illumination systems using multiple light sources

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Abstract

較小的半色調磚實施於雙調變投影系統的第一調變器上。此技術使用與主調變器中修改的位元序列同步的前置調變器中的每格多重半色調,以有效地增加半色調調變器中給定的磚尺寸所提供的位準數目。其克服小磚尺寸在低光位準時降低的對比之議題,以及允許使用降低投射影像中的光暈人為因素之較小的PSF,以及也用於3D投影及觀視。

Description

多重半色調成像以及雙重調變投影/雙重調變雷射投影
本發明係關於顯示裝置,特別關於雙重調變投影機(包含雷射投影機)以及在投影機的前置調變器中的半色調影像的產生。
雙重調變投影機以及顯示器包含顯示裝置(例如,Whitehead的美國專利US7403332,以及Daly的美國專利US7064740)以及投影機(例如,Sayag的美國專利US7002533)。
本發明瞭解到增進前置調變器影像的半色調之需求。本發明允許在雙重調變投影系統的第一調變器上使用較小的半色調磚。本技術在與主調變器中修改的位元序列同步的前置調變器中使用每格多重半色調,以有效地增加半色調調變器中給定的磚尺寸所提供的位準數目。其克服小磚 尺寸在低光位準時降低的對比之議題以及允許使用降低光投射影像中的光暈人為因素之較小的PSF。半色調也用以增進彩色投影或是偏振分離的3D影像。
在一般用途的電腦、或網路電腦上程式化,可以方便地實施裝置及方法的部份,以及,結果可以顯示在連接至一般用途、網路電腦中的任何電腦之輸出裝置上、或是傳送至遠端裝置以用於輸出或顯示。此外,本發明以電腦程式、資料序列表示的任何組件、以及/或控制訊號可以具體地實施為在任何媒介中任何頻率的電子訊號廣播(或傳送),包含但不侷限於無線廣播、及在銅線、光纖纜線、及同軸電纜等等上的傳輸。
參考下述說明,配合附圖,將更完整地瞭解本發明以及更佳瞭解將容易取得之本發明所要達成的優點,其中:圖1顯示局部對比之離散的前置調變位準的數目的效果;圖2顯示當半色調影像散佈於4子格時取得的增進結果;圖3顯示PSF實例及校正的PSF;以及圖4是位元序列實例。
目前的雙重調變POC EDR投影機在前置調變器上使 用每格單一半色調影像。為了將光暈尺寸侷限於小的明亮特徵以及取得高的局部對比,小的PSF是較佳的。藉由疊加PSF場而取得第一非零的前置調變位準,以取得相對平坦的光場。對於給定的(小的)PSF尺寸,半色調非零像素的間隔必須小於PSF,以及,足夠小以取得此平坦場。這限制必須是非零的像素對某位準之百分比,以及,這決定第一非零的平均位準、及離散的線性散置調變位準。舉例而言,必須在5x5柵上重複的PSF將要求25個前置調變器像素中的1個開啟,造成最小1/25非零位準,以及,25個離散的前置調變位準。
來自所述的系統之影像具有約主調變器的對比(CR)之25倍;假使主調變器的原始CR是1800,則最終影像具有45,000:1的CR。這假定25個像素中的1個像素總是開啟。由於前置調變DMD能夠大於1800:1 CR,所以,以前置調變像素關閉時,黑位準比白峰值的1/45000更佳;但是,關閉所有前置調變像素具有不利效果。即使有些像素開啟,這些效果也出現在低光位準的影像中。舉例而言,在由前置調變光場代表的影像特徵之外,某些影像特徵隨著空間頻率而變。對於這些影像特徵,前置調變光場將是固定的、未調變的。前置光場的位準將由影像特徵的局部最大者所決定。主要的DMD必須降低前置調變光場以產生局部影像特徵的所有位準。取決於第一非零前置調變位準,主DMD可能不具有足夠的對比來產生較低的位準,將影像特徵的局部對比限制成足以 影響其外觀。在前置調變磚上的最後像素關閉之區域附近,這是特別關鍵的。在此區域中,局部對比下降至20附近。藉由增加PSF及磚的尺寸,可以解決這些議題,但是,這將增加光暈尺寸,這也產生可見的人為因素。
圖1助於說明這些議題。藍色線(從10E-6與10E-5之間的水平軸上開始)代表以具有理想的無限對比100尼特能力的投影機,而在此特別的禮堂中可以取得的最佳對比。因為當在螢幕上測量時室內具有0.0005尼特的暗位準,所以造成此限制。這是來自室內的週遭室內光,週遭室內光是到達及從螢幕反射給觀視者。紅線(在10E-4與10E-3之間的水平軸上開始)代表單一調變投影機。投影機具有1800:1的對比(同時及順序的)。當局部影像的峰值位準隨著此投影機而變得較暗時,由於暗位準是固定的,所以,在局部影像中的對比降低。這是正常及預期的表現。
淡綠線(較細的線)代表藉具有高空間頻率成分之雙調變投影機可能的對比(其中,前置調變是局部不變的)。由於投射的影像變得局部較黑,剛好脫離白峰值,所以,對比曲線正好符合先前的情形。但是,當位準達到(在本實例中)約24/25的白峰值時,前置調變能將其值從25/25改變至24/25像素開啟,以及,主調變器再度使用其完全範圍。因此,對於此較低的光位準,我們再度具有完全1800:1局部對比。對於正好在前置調變改變其值(至23/25)之前的情形,局部對比將降至24/25*1800。 由於在各改變之後,可能的CR重設回至1800,所以,此情形繼續進行經過前置調變中的各改變。舉例而言,當2像素是主動時,CR降至144(2/25*1800)。當僅有單一像素是主動時,前置調變無法改變直到經過前置調變器的洩漏光高至足以單獨以主調變器取得的所需輸出位準為止(完全開啟)。在所示的實例中,此位準是輸出峰值的1/1800。在以1/25、及1/1800的半色調取得之最低的調變位準之間有大間隙,以及,在此區域中,前置調變必須保持在1/25位準。主調變器是用於此區域的單獨調變器,以及,在前置調變半色調被設定於零之前,對比落至約1/25的位準。此位準顯著地低於(在藍線之下約4的因數)以理想投影機在此室中取得的位準。
本發明的一目的是藉由增加前置調變器中位準的數目而降低這些人為因素的影響,但不增加磚尺寸或PSF尺寸。概念是相當簡單;使用每格單一個以上的半色調影像。在稍早的說明中,檢查5X5磚。下述說明是使用5X5磚,但是使用每格4子格半色調。在本實例中,以個別像素為基礎用於各磚,像素可採用5個值的序列,為0、1、2、3、或4子格(0、1/4格、1/2格、3/4格、或1格)。這允許5X5磚表示100個正值(及0)而不是原始的25個值(及0)。假使DMD(TI Digital Mirror Device數位鏡裝置)用於主調變器,則將要求用於調變晶片的位 元序列的修改。DMD使用脈衝寬度調變形式以調變光;因此,要求光在整個格週期期間是固定的。改變格期間的前置調變半色調(4次)將產生非固定的光,以及干擾PWM結果。
一般而言,以每格單一序列使用DMD以取得每像素調變16位元。提出修改位元序列,以致於更高階的位元散佈於格週期;因此,它們重複多次。舉例而言,假使頂部14個位元(16個中的)重複,則這將允許具有頂部14位元重複4次的樣式。較低的有效位元將維持不受影響(散佈於整個格週期)。此型式的重複排序已說明於文獻中且被用以降低與DMD為基礎的投影系統有關之動作人為因素。US5986640說明類似的技術。在前置調變器上的半色調影像將與主調變器中重複的序列同步,以致於二調變器將同時改變至新的序列。
圖2顯示如上所述當半色調影像散佈於4子格時取得的增進結果。
對於此情形,來自投影機的最低對比約等於此室中以理想投影機取得的結果。此技術降低未必要的對比縮減而不增加磚尺寸及對應的SPF尺寸。
在說明之圖式中所示的本發明的較佳實施例中,為了簡明起見而採用特定術語。但是,本發明並非要受限於如此選取的特定術語,且要瞭解,各特定元件包含以類似方式操作的所有技術均等物。此外,發明人認知到尚未知之新近開發的技術也可以替代已說明的構件且仍然未悖離本發明的範圍。也應慮及任何及所有可取得的均等物,而考慮包含但不限於調變器、格、子格、等等所有其它說明的 項目。
如同習於電腦技藝者將清楚可知般,使用根據本揭示的教導而程式化的傳統一般用途或特定的數位電腦或微處理器,可以便利地實施本發明的部份。
如同習於軟體技蓋者清楚可知般,根據本揭示的教示,熟練技術的程式人員可以容易地製備適當的軟體碼化。如同習於根據本揭示的技術者將容易清楚知道般,藉由製備特定應用積體電路或是藉由互連傳統的組件電路的適當網路,也可以實施本發明。
本發明包含電腦程式產品,其為具有指令儲存於上的儲存媒體,這些指令可被用以控制、或是假使電腦執行本發明的任何處理。儲存媒體包含但不限於任何型式的碟片,包含軟碟、迷你碟(MD)、光碟、DVD、CD-ROM、CD、或DVD RW+/-、微驅動器、及磁光碟、ROM、RAM、EPROM、EEPROM、DRAM、VRAM、快閃記憶體裝置(包含快閃卡、記憶棒)、磁卡或光學卡、SIM卡、MEMS、奈米系統、(包含分子記憶體IC)、RAID裝置、遠端資料儲存/架構/儲倉、或是任何型式的媒體或適用於儲存指令及/或資料的裝置。
儲存於任一電腦可讀取的媒體上時,本發明包含用於控制一般用途/特定用途或微處理器的硬體、以及用於使電腦或微處理器與使用人或是其它利用本發明的結果之機構互動。這些軟體包含但不限於裝置驅動器、作業系統、及使用者應用。最後,如上所述地,這些電腦可讀取的媒 體又包含用於執行本發明的軟體。
包含在一般/特定電腦或微處理器的程式(軟體)中的是用於實施本發明的教示之軟體模組,包含但不限於製備對應於影像資料的半色調影像、將格分割、將位元序列同步化及應用至數位鏡裝置、以及顯示、儲存、或傳輸根據本發明的處理之結果。
本發明適當地包括此處所述之本發明的任何元件(或是各式各樣的組件)或特點及它們的均等、或是由它們組成、或是基本地組成。此外,此處說明上揭示的本發明在缺乏無論此處是否具體揭示之任何元件時仍可實施。顯然地,慮及上述教示,眾多修改及各式各樣的變化是可能的。因此,須瞭解,在後附的申請專利範圍之內,可以以此處具體說明的其它方式來實施本發明。

Claims (7)

  1. 一種用於製備用於雙重調變顯示器的雙重調變激勵訊號的方法,該雙重調變顯示器包括照明該前置調變器的光源、一組傳輸從該前置調變器到主調變器的光的中繼光學件,該方法包括:確定一組該前置調變器激勵訊號,該訊號應用於每單格多於一個週期,藉此各前置調變器激勵訊號促使該前置調變器建立複數個半色調影像,在單格時間週期期間的複數個子格中,該複數個半色調影像將被顯示或激勵於雙重調變顯示系統的主調變器,使得該複數個半色調影像產生所需的點擴散函數(Point Spread Function,PSF)以補償在該組中繼光學件的缺陷;確定一組主調變器訊號,該主調變器訊號被激勵以與該前置調變器激勵訊號同步,以產生將被顯示或激勵於該雙重調變顯示系統的主調變器上的影像。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,該半色調影像各者均在複數個子格時間週期中被顯示,該子格時間週期各者均與該主調變器訊號同步。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,該前置調變器訊號分割成複數個子格影像,各該子格影像在自己的子格時間間隔中被激勵,各該子格時間間隔與該主調變器訊號及該主調變器的激勵間隔同步。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之方法,其中,以具有照明該前置調變器的雷射光源之電影院投影機,實施該方法。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中,該雷射光源是局部地及全面地被調變。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中,該雷射光源配置成發射至少2組光波長,該各組光波長包括紅、綠、藍波長光,其中,相同顏色波長中的至少一者在不同組中以完成離軸觀視所需之最小頻寬分開,而在標準電影院或主題公園的電影演出或作為主題公園遊玩的一部份中遇到的正常及離軸觀視時,不會有觀視眼鏡的穿過帶通串擾。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中,該離軸觀視是約20度、不大於20度、及演出時通常遇到的最大角度中之一者。
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